RU2268366C2 - Axial-piston engine with pistons moving in opposite directions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engines.

SUBSTANCE: device is designed for use in engines. Journals of rocking plates in engine are driven inside pistons, and connecting rods-guides are arranged inside pistons provided with seals at both end faces. Rocking plates are provided with motion stabilizers in form of journals with rollers resting on guide surfaces in housing. Working processes take place in space between pistons at one side and between end face covers and pistons at other side.

EFFECT: improved weight and dimensions characteristics, increased efficiency of axial-piston engines with pistons moving in opposite directions.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building.

Double-acting internal combustion engines are known in which thermodynamic processes occur on both sides of the piston, which makes it possible to increase engine power by 1.5-1.8 times. However, due to the difficult operating conditions of the piston group, rod and other details, as well as because of the difficulty in providing a thermodynamic process in the cylinder cavity where the rod passes, dual-action engines are not produced (see the book "Internal Combustion Engines. Design and Design for durability of piston and combined engines ". Edited by A.S. Orlin, M.G. Kruglov. Moscow." Engineering ", 1984, p. 13).

Axial piston engines with oppositely moving pistons are also known, for example, the Giroden engine (see Shipbuilding magazine No. 1, 1972, p. 27).

In this engine, cylinders are located around the shaft and parallel to its axis. The piston rods are pivotally connected to the swinging cones, mounted on an oblique neck of the shaft and resting on a spherical bearing, and working processes are performed only between the converging pistons. Moreover, in the mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotational motion of the shaft, the inertia forces are not extinguished by the gas pressure forces when the pistons diverge, as is the case with engines with a crank mechanism. These forces acting in the joints of the motion conversion mechanism reduce the mechanical efficiency of the engine. In addition, the stabilization of the motion of the swinging cones in this engine is carried out through gearing, in which there are also significant friction losses.

This performance of the engines makes it possible to obtain weight and size indicators at the level of star-shaped engines with the usual crank mechanism of motion conversion (see Shipbuilding magazine No. 1 of 1972, p. 26.27).

Known axial piston engine with oppositely moving pistons, comprising a housing, a shaft, cylinders located around and parallel to the axis of the shaft, two pistons with seals from both ends in each cylinder, two oblique bushings and two swinging washers with radial axles fixedly mounted on the shaft associated with pistons through connecting rods, in which working processes are performed both in volume between the pistons on one side and between the end caps and pistons on the other side (SU 1694934 A1, 11/30/1991).

This technical solution is the closest analogue.

The technical problem posed in the present invention is to improve the overall dimensions and mechanical efficiency of the engine by damping the inertia forces by gas pressure near both dead points.

This task is achieved by the fact that in an axial piston engine with oppositely moving pistons containing a housing, a shaft, cylinders located around and parallel to the axis of the shaft, two pistons with seals from both ends in each cylinder, two oblique bushings fixedly mounted on the shaft and two swinging washers with radial trunnions connected to the pistons through connecting rods, while working processes are performed both in the volume between the pistons on the one hand and between the end caps and pistons on the other hand, the trunnions Aib introduced into the piston side-leashes rods placed inside the pistons and swash plates are stabilizers movement as pins with the rollers resting on the guide surfaces in the housing.

In addition, the engine differs from the known ones in that in order to increase the mechanical efficiency by reducing the pressure of the pistons on the cylinder walls arising from the torque on the shaft, the rollers of the stabilizers of the swash plates have a spheroidal shape.

It is possible to design an engine in which the stabilizer rollers are mounted on the trunnions of the swinging washers associated with the pistons.

In addition, in the described engine, the volumes between the end caps of the cylinders and the pistons can be used to compress air while blowing the engine or as a compressor.

Figure 1 shows the described axial piston engine; figure 2 is a section along aa.

The engine comprises a housing 1, cylinders 2, in each of which two pistons 3 are placed and can move, having seals at both ends, a shaft 4 on bearings with two oblique bushings fixed thereon 5. Two oblique washers are installed on the oblique bushings through bearings 6 with radial pins entering the pistons and pivotally connected to the pistons via connecting rods 7.

The swinging washers 6 have special trunnions with spheroidal rollers 8 based on the guide surfaces in the housing.

Axial piston engine operates as follows.

When the shaft 4 is rotated, the oblique bushings 5 through the bearings give oscillating motion to the swinging washers 6, the radial pins of which through the connecting rods 7 lead the pistons 3 to reciprocate. Moreover, in varying volumes between the pistons on one side and between the pistons and cylinder covers with the other is the thermodynamic cycles of an internal combustion engine.

The mechanism of communication between the pistons and the shaft has the property of reversibility and, therefore, the gas pressure forces on the pistons are converted to torque on the motor shaft. The resulting reactive torque on the swinging washers 6 is perceived by the spheroidal rollers 8 of the stabilizers and transmitted to the housing, thereby relieving the pistons from lateral pressure on the cylinder walls.

In addition, the inertia forces of progressively moving masses arising during engine operation are quenched by gas pressure forces at both dead points, which relieves the movement conversion mechanism from significant forces.

The application describes an engine with two cylinders. According to the invention, single-cylinder and multi-cylinder engines can be made.

Thus, the invention improves the overall dimensions and efficiency of axial piston engines with oppositely moving pistons.

Claims (3)

1. An axial piston engine with oppositely moving pistons, comprising a housing, a shaft, cylinders located around and parallel to the axis of the shaft, two pistons with seals from both ends in each cylinder, two oblique bushings and two swinging washers fixed radially trunnions connected to the pistons through connecting rods, in which the working processes are carried out both in the volume between the pistons on the one hand, and between the end caps and the pistons on the other hand, characterized in that the trunnion pins are inserted us inward side pistons, connecting rods, pistons housed inside leashes, and swash plates are stabilizers movement as pins with the rollers resting on the guide surfaces in the housing. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers of the stabilizers of the swinging washers have a spheroidal shape. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizer rollers are mounted on the pins of the swinging washers associated with the pistons.

Images