RU2263438C1 - Biaxiisotropic fabric for protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of fabrics for manufacture of protective clothing, preferably protective vests and plates, as well as for sewing of special sportive protective fencer's clothing, such as vests, side and chest protective means used during exercising.

SUBSTANCE: biaxiisotropic fabric is manufactured in bark weaving pattern from warp and weft threads of similar composition and linear density and with similar warp and weft repeat pattern. In weaving repeat pattern, any one of two halves of six-thread weaving repeat pattern sized 3x6 or 6x3 along warp or weft threads, turned through 180 deg, is identical to other unturned half. Fabric has one and a half layers which are connected with one another through all warp and weft threads. Said threads are transferred from one layer to another, and each of warp and weft threads forms two elongated double-thread overlaps and two short single-thread overlaps in weaving repeat pattern. Diagonal sections of weaving repeat pattern define four triangular fragments, each of which, when turned through 180 deg, coincide with pattern of respective symmetrical non-turned fragment. Biaxiisotropic fabric of such structure has resistance coefficient of at least 0.9 and relatively low flexural rigidity (not in the excess of 5/0 gf/cm).

EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved protective properties and wider range of usage.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry and can be used for the manufacture of personal protective equipment, mainly body armor and armored plates. The proposed fabric can also be used for tailoring special protective sportswear of fencers: tracksuits, protective pads and training bibs.

A new generation of fabrics for the manufacture of human protective equipment should have the following performance characteristics: biaxisotropy of the structure, high (not less than 0.9 kgf / g) resistance coefficient with a relatively low (not more than 5.0 gf / cm) bending stiffness.

Fabrics made of the same raw material composition and linear density of warp and weft threads with the same rapport on the warp and weft are considered to be bi-isisotropic. Therefore, these fabrics, as a rule, have in the directions of warp and weft the same or close in size (differing by no more than ± 15%) structural and geometric parameters of the structure and indicators of physical and mechanical properties. Such a structure of biaxisotropic tissues is caused by the need to perceive during operation the effect of the same or close in magnitude workloads simultaneously in the direction of the warp and weft.

Known single-layer biaxyisotropic protective fabric made by plain weave, with a filling of 100-150% and a weave tightness factor of 0.75-1.0, containing high-strength complex warp and weft yarn Armos linear density 58-100 tex, with a ratio of the diameters of the elementary and complex threads 1: 300, while the coefficients of the twists of the threads are: basic - 7 ... 15, weft 2 ... 15 [Russian Patent No. 2041986, according to CL. MKI ⁶ D 03 D 15/00, publ. 08/20/1995].

This protective fabric, intended for the manufacture of means of protecting people and sewing protective clothing: body armor, armored plates and sportswear of fencers, does not meet modern requirements, as it has an insufficient resistance coefficient (0.614-0.671) with increased (7.2-9.6 kgf / cm) bending stiffness, so people equipped with protective equipment or protective clothing sewn from this fabric experience some discomfort and increased fatigue.

Also known is a multilayer fabric used for the reinforcing element of a composite material, for interior decoration, for the manufacture of protective clothing and other purposes. This fabric consists of three layers of threads located in each layer parallel to each other. The upper and lower layers are formed of weft threads, the middle layer is made of warp threads. Weft threads are perpendicular to the main threads. Layers are simply stacked on top of each other without interweaving threads. The connection of the layers is carried out using additional leno warp threads. The leno threads are arranged in interacting pairs, one thread of each pair knits a group of weft threads of both layers, passing over the weft threads of the upper layer and under the weft threads of the lower layer, and the other thread of each pair carries out the knitting of a neighboring group of weft threads, but in reverse order. As a result, a chain plain weave is obtained on the upper and lower surfaces of the fabric. The main threads of the middle layer also go in pairs, between which is a pair of leno main threads. The linear density of the leno threads should be much lower than the linear density of the warp and weft threads forming the fabric layers, so that it is possible to obtain fabric with desired properties in accordance with its purpose [US Patent No. 4748996, MKI ⁴ 32 V 5/04, D 32 D 5/12, publ. 06/07/1988, NKI 139/415].

The presence in this fabric of three layers of straight-line threads makes it stiff, with a low degree of drape, so people equipped with protective equipment or protective clothing sewn from this fabric will experience some discomfort and increased fatigue. In addition, the drawback of the fabric is the presence in it of two differently interlocking systems of the main threads: the threads of the middle layer, bearing the load, and leno threads, not bearing the load and thereby causing the irrational use of raw materials.

In addition, a single-layer crepe fabric is known, containing twisted warp and weft threads, with a four-thread warp pattern and an eight-thread warp pattern made of weft, consisting of two parts, one of which is formed by rearranging the main threads with respect to the other part, providing the same the number of overlap of the main threads with weft within the rapport [USSR author's certificate No. 1276696, according to cl. D 03 D 15/00, publ. 03/11/83].

The presence of alternating short and long overlaps of warp and weft threads in this crepe fabric increases its density to 160% filling and reduces its rigidity by 25-30%. However, within the rapport, this crepe fabric contains intertwining warp and weft threads, in addition, the rapport of the warp fabric is half that of the weft, which makes its structure heterogeneous in the warp and weft directions and, therefore, is not applicable for the manufacture of protective clothing.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the Kolchuga single-layer biaxisotropic fabric for protective clothing made by crepe weaving with a six-thread repeat on the warp and weft, within which each warp and weft has one long three-thread overlap and three short one-thread overlaps and each three-thread overlap is continued by three short and, conversely, after three short one-thread overlaps, one long three-thread overlap follows each time forming a sequence of overlap equal to 3/1 + 1/1 or 1/3 + 1/1. Any of the two halves of the six-thread rapport of this fabric 3 × 6 or 6 × 3 along the warp or weft rotated 180 ° is identical to the second, half-turned, and the weave rapport has an axis of symmetry running along one of the diagonals [Patent Russia №2137868, by class MKI ⁶ D 03 D 15/00, publ. 09/20/1999. Bull. No. 26].

Protective fabric “Chain mail”, intended for the manufacture of protective equipment for people and the sewing of protective clothing: body armor, armored plates and sportswear of fencers, does not meet modern requirements, due to insufficient resistance coefficient (0.744-0.753), so body armor and armored plates made from this fabrics have increased material consumption, since to achieve the specified protective properties, a larger number of layers of the original fabric will be required.

The technical task of the present invention is the creation of a new generation of biaxisotropic fabric for protective clothing with a resistance coefficient of not less than 0.9 at a relatively low (not more than 5.0 gf / cm) bending stiffness.

This problem is solved by the fact that the proposed biaxyisotropic fabric for protective clothing is made with crepe weaving from the warp and weft threads of the same raw material composition and linear density, with the same warp and weft rapports. In the weave repeat pattern, either of the two halves of a 3-by-6 or 6 × 3 six-line repeat pattern along the warp or weft threads, rotated through an angle of 180 degrees, is identical to the second, non-rotated half. The fabric is one and a half layered, the layers in it are interconnected simultaneously by all warp and weft threads, passing from layer to layer, and each of the warp and weft threads forms two long two-thread and two short one-thread overlaps in the weave pattern. The cross sections of the diagonal interweaving pattern form four triangular fragments, each of which, being rotated 180 °, coincides with the pattern of the corresponding non-rotated fragment symmetrical to it.

These distinctive features, each individually and all together, are aimed at solving the problem and are significant.

The inventive arrangement of warp and weft threads in the weave repeat allows you to get fabric for protective clothing with a resistance coefficient from 0.905 to 0.912, low bending stiffness (not more than 5.0 g / cm), higher (not less than 454 kgf) mechanical bursting strength steel ball with a diameter of 8 mm.

Figure 1 shows a drawing of a full rapport of weaving of the proposed biaxyisotropic fabric for protective clothing with combined patterns of the location of threads in the sections of the fabric along the warp and weft threads. Figure 1 adopted the following conventions of threads: About ₁ ... About ₆ - warp threads with serial numbers from 1 to 6; At ₁ ... At ₆ - weft threads with serial numbers from 1 to 6.

Figure 2 shows the filling pattern of this fabric with the combined diagrams of the cross-sections of the pattern of weaving along the warp and weft, as well as diagonally.

The proposed fabric is made:

- from high-modulus chemical threads “SVM”, “Armos”, “Rusar”, “Terlon”, “Kevlar” on shuttle looms, if it is intended for the manufacture of protective equipment for people (body armor or armored plates);

- from polyester complex twisted yarns on shuttle or micro shuttle looms, if it is intended for sewing sportswear of fencers.

To confirm the technical result of the invention, experimental fabrics of the proposed design were made. The technical characteristics of the manufactured fabrics of the proposed structure in comparison with the characteristics of the protective fabrics - analogue 1 and prototype - are given in the table.

The data in the table show that the claimed fabric in comparison with fabrics - analogue and prototype - has a higher coefficient of resistance (0.905-0.912 versus 0.614-0.753) with optimal bending stiffness (4.6-4.8 gf / cm), t. e. in its properties, it is clearly superior to known materials.

Protective clothing made of patented fabric is lighter, softer and more comfortable, in addition, it uses fewer layers of pads.

Table
Technical characteristics of the proposed protective tissue in comparison with the analogue and prototype The name of indicators Cloth-analogue according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2041986 of threads "Armos" linear density Fabric-prototype “Chain mail” according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2137868 of threads “armos” of linear density The inventive fabric for body armor and armor plates of threads "Armos" linear density 58 tex 100 tex 58 tex 100 tex 58 tex 100 tex Weave linen linen crepe crepe 1.5 ply 1.5 ply Width cm 150 150 150 150 150 150 Thickness mm 0.75 0.95 0.83 1.10 1.26 1.41 Surface density, g / m ² 285 365 330 425 498 648 Number of threads per 10 cm: based 240 180 280 210 386 294 by duck 200 150 240 180 380 286 Breaking load of a strip of fabric measuring 50 × 200 mm, kgf: based 1005 1280 1350 1750 1708 2245 by duck 850 1140 1070 1530 1685 2187 Resistance of fabric to bursting with a steel ball with a diameter of 8 mm, kgf 175 245 250 316 454 587 Resistance coefficient (resistance of protective fabric to punching with a steel ball with a diameter of 8 mm per unit surface density), kgf / g 0.614 0.671 0.753 0.744 0.912 0,905 Bending stiffness, gf / cm 7.2 9.6 3.8 4.9 4.6 4.8

Claims (1)

Biaxyisotropic fabric for protective clothing made by crepe weaving of the warp and weft threads of the same raw material composition and linear density with the same warp and weft patterns, each of which has either two halves of a 6-thread or 6 × 3 weave pattern along warp or weft rotated through an angle of 180 ° is identical to the non-rotated half, characterized in that the fabric is one and a half layered, in which the layers are interconnected simultaneously by all warp and weft passing from the layer I am in a layer, and each of the warp and weft threads forms two long two-thread and two short one-thread overlaps in the weave repeat, while the cross-section of the weave repeat pattern along two diagonals form four triangular fragments, each of which, being rotated 180 °, coincides with the pattern of the corresponding symmetrical untwisted fragment.

Images