RU2240869C1 - Filter-cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purification of air of industrial enterprises from dust.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with devices for purification of air of industrial enterprises from dust, in particular, with the dust catchers using granular filtering material. A two-stage filter-cyclone includes a cyclone, a filter with granular filtering material, a dust-withdrawal device and branch-pipes to feed a dusty air and to withdraw a purified air. The cyclone is made of a direct-flow type with a tangential feeder and a spinner. At that the ratio of the diameter of a purified gas withdrawal branch-pipe to the diameter of the inlet branch-pipe makes (1.2-1.4); and the ratio of the height of the flue duct of the cyclone to the height of the cylindrical part of the cyclone makes (0.7-0.9). The technical problem of the invention is to increase efficiency of the device operation at purification of the air-and-gas mixtures containing solid particles at the expense of a drop of the hydraulic resistance of the dust-air-gas mixture in the cyclone and to reduce time for formation of a granular layer in the filter at the initial stage of filtration.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of the containing solid particles air-and-gas mixture purification efficiency, reduction of hydraulic resistance to the mixture in the cyclone and of time for formation of the filter initial layer.

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Description

The present invention relates to a device for purifying industrial air from dust, in particular to dust collectors with granular filter material.

The closest to the claimed object according to the greatest number of essential features and the technical result achieved, a two-stage filter cyclone is known, including a cyclone, a filter containing granular filter material, a dust unloading device, dusty supply and purified air exhaust pipes [Russian Patent No. 2177820, Filter cyclone] .

The disadvantages of the device are the high hydraulic resistance of the gas-air mixture in the cyclone, increased wear when working with abrasive dust, which leads to quick wear of the cyclone part and reduced service life, as well as secondary entrainment of dust trapped by the cyclone in the filter, which reduces the efficiency of particle capture in the cyclone and increases the time of formation of the granular layer of the filtering part at the initial stage of its formation.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency and energy consumption of the device when cleaning gas-air mixtures containing solid particles by reducing the hydraulic resistance of the dust-gas mixture in the cyclone and reducing the time for the formation of a granular layer in the filter at the initial stage of filtration.

The solution to the technical problem lies in the fact that in a two-stage cyclone filter, including a cyclone, a filter containing granular filter material, a dust unloading device and nozzles for supplying dusty and exhausted purified air, according to the invention, the cyclone is made of a direct-flow type with tangential inlet and spinner, while the ratio the diameter of the outlet pipe of the purified gas to the diameter of the inlet pipe is (1.2-1.4); and the ratio of the height of the cyclone duct to the height of the cylindrical part of the cyclone is (0.7-0.9).

The use of direct-flow cyclone allows to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the gas-air mixture due to the absence of pressure losses on swirling the air flow and losses of kinetic energy during the rotational movement of air in the downward and upward flows, as well as energy consumption, to eliminate the entrainment of captured dust with the upward flow, and therefore increase the efficiency of capture in the cyclone and reduce the time it takes to fill the filter with a granular layer before filtering, which is the technical effect of the claimed grip.

The invention is illustrated graphic materials:

- figure 1 schematically shows a General view of the device,

- figure 2 schematically shows the design of a once-through cyclone;

- figure 3 schematically shows the design of the filter.

The proposed device consists of a once-through cyclone 1, filter 2 and dust discharge device 3, mounted one above the other coaxially vertically and mounted motionlessly with nozzles for supplying 4 dusty and exhaust 5 for purified air.

The cyclone 1 is made in a straight-through version, equipped with a tangential branch pipe for entering 4 dusty air, an insert 6 and a straightener 7, the gas duct 8 of the cyclone is connected to the gas duct 9 of the filter 2 with an adapter sleeve 10. The filter consists of a vertical cylindrical body 11 equipped with a branch pipe for exhausting 5 purified air. Inside the filter housing with a gap 12, a filter element 13 is installed, made in the form of two coaxially located louvre grills 14 and 15, inside of which filter granular material 16 is placed. The louvres of the louvre grill are made in the form of plates 17 adjacent to its inner walls and are directed towards the dust discharge device 3 at an angle of repose. When this dust discharge device 3 is made in the form of a cone 18, is equipped with a weighing batcher 19 and is installed under the filter 2.

The process of cleaning air from dust is carried out stepwise. The dusty air stream is supplied to the direct-flow cyclone 1, where the first stage of purification takes place, through the inlet 4 tangential nozzle, due to which the gas acquires a rotational movement around the insert 6. The emitted large and medium dust fractions settle between the coaxially located louvres 14 and 15 of the filter 2 and, accumulating, form a granular filter layer 16 with a particle size of from 100 to 25 μm, causing a high bulk density due to an increase in pore volume and voids between dust particles. The cleaned gas passes the spinner 7 and enters the filter 2 through the gas duct 8. In this case, a direct-flow cyclone eliminates the secondary entrainment of dust with the gas-air mixture through the gas duct into the filter, thereby reducing the time required to form a granular filter layer.

The second stage of air purification is carried out in the filter 2. A stream with fine dust fractions passes from the gas duct 9 through a granular filter layer 16, while the cleaned air passes through openings in the external louvre grille 14, accumulates in the gap 12 and then is discharged through the nozzle 5, and the filter granular material with fine dust trapped under the influence of gravity falls down and accumulates in the cone 18 of the dust discharge device 3, from where it is removed when necessary when the weighing batcher 19 that is, by constantly supplying a fresh granular charge - dust trapped by the cyclone, self-regeneration of the filtering granular material is carried out.

Using ramjet cyclone allows you to accelerate the formation of a filtering granular layer at the first stage of cleaning and thus increase the efficiency of the inventive device.

With optimal geometric dimensions: the ratio of the diameter of the outlet pipe of the cleaned air to the diameter of the inlet pipe is (1.2-1.4), and the ratio of the height of the cyclone duct to the height of the cylindrical part of the cyclone is (0.7-0.9), the proposed device provides high efficiency of capture of solid particles of coarse and fine fractions (efficiency is 97-99%).

Spent granular material is recycled in the production of building materials.

Claims (1)

A two-stage filter cyclone, including a cyclone, a filter containing granular filter material, a dust unloading device, dusty and cleaned air inlet pipes, characterized in that the cyclone is made of a straight-through type with a tangential inlet and a straightener, while the ratio of the diameter of the cleaned gas outlet pipe to the diameter the inlet pipe is 1.2-1.4, and the ratio of the height of the cyclone duct to the height of the cylindrical part of the cyclone is 0.7-0.9.

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