RU2138008C1 - Sporting gun bullet for rifled weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition. SUBSTANCE: bullet has a metal envelope with longitudinal grooves and chamfer of the head top, as well as a built-up slug located in the envelope, the rear part of the built-up envelope has a recess, and the bullet is furnished with a washer for closing it with the edge of the envelope; the length of the slug fore-part makes up 0.01 to 1.2 of the envelope head. The recess may be made in the form of a cone or sphere. EFFECT: improved close grouping of shots due to guaranteed filling of free cavity under the chamfer providing for stable position of bullet when it leaves the barrel at a shot. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to bullets for hunting cartridges intended for firing from a rifled weapon, for shooting animals weighing 20 to 100 kg

 Known bullet hunting cartridge (see US patent N 4879953, NKI 102-57, 1989) for rifled weapons containing a metal shell with a cut in the head and located in the shell lead core with a flat front end.

 This bullet provides the necessary lethal and stopping effect, but it cannot be used for firing from regular carbines for hunting without finalizing the sights, since its mass and the center of mass position does not correspond to the same parameters as the standard bullet of the 1943 model cartridge.

 This disadvantage is eliminated in the pool of the hunting cartridge (see RF patent N 2003033) for rifled weapons.

 It contains a metal shell with a slice of the top in the head and a lead core located in the shell with flat front and rear ends and a plastic core, and longitudinal grooves of variable depth are made on the inner surface of the shell with a thickness of the shell decreasing towards the cut in the groove.

The disadvantages of this bullet are the following:
- relatively low manufacturability due to the complexity of automating the supply of a plastic core into the shell;
- the tendency of the bullet to dismantle when leaving the barrel and in flight due to the fact that the edge of the shell is open and therefore powder gases can penetrate between the shell and the core during a shot;
- poor combat accuracy due to the displacement of the center of gravity towards the head of the bullet, due to the presence of a plastic core and its placement in the rear.

 Known bullet (see RF patent 2087842) hunting cartridge for rifled weapons, which is closest to the proposed solution for the combination of essential features, to the maximum extent coinciding with the proposed solution, and taking for the prototype. It contains a metal shell with longitudinal grooves and with a cut of the top in the head, as well as a composite core located in the shell.

This bullet eliminates some of the shortcomings of the analogue, in particular, it has a closer to the normative center of gravity of the bullet due to the homogeneity of the material of the core components, but has the following disadvantages:
- the tendency of the bullet to dismantle when leaving the barrel and in flight due to the fact that the edge of the shell is open and therefore powder gases can penetrate between the shell and the core during a shot;
- poor accuracy of the battle due to the presence of free volume under the cut, leading to a shift in the center of gravity from the standard.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the battle due to the guaranteed filling of the free volume under the cut to ensure a stable position of the bullet upon departure from the barrel.

 The problem is achieved in that in a known pool containing a metal shell with longitudinal grooves and with a top cut in the head, as well as a composite core located in the shell, the back of the core is made with a recess, and the bullet is equipped with a washer to close the core with the edge of the shell, this length of the front of the core is 1.01 - 1.2 of the head of the shell.

 In this case, the recess is made in the form of a cone or sphere.

 The drawing shows a General view of the bullet. The proposed bullet contains a shell 1, which contains a composite core consisting of a front part 2 and a rear part 3, and a washer 4.

The core may be made of soft material, such as lead. The rear part 3 of the core is made with a spherical or cone-shaped recess 5. The shell 1 can be made with longitudinal both internal and external grooves. The shell 1 by bending the edge 6 holds the washer 4. The front part 2 of the core is located at a depth of 1.01 - 1.2 of the head of the shell 1, i.e., the length l of the front part 2 of the core is 1.01 - 1.2 of the length l _{1 of the} head parts of the shell 1. At the top of the shell 1, a through hole 7 (a cut of the top) is made.

 By experiments on small-caliber bullets, for example, 5.45 mm caliber, in which the ratio of core diameter to bullet length ≤0.14, it was found that there is no guarantee of filling the bow of the shell not only with a whole, but also with a composite core.

 To fill the nose of the shell with lead, it is necessary to increase the pressing force. An increase in the pressing force leads to deformation (distortion) of the head of the shell, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of the battle (increase in the lateral dispersion of the bullet) due to the instability of the shape of the head of the shell, i.e. not every division of the core into two parts guarantees the full filling of the bow shell with lead without distortion of the bullet head. The experiments also found that with a front length of the core of 1.01 - 1.2 of the head of the shell, a guaranteed filling of the nose of the shell with lead is obtained without distorting the head of the bullet.

 When the length of the front of the core is less than 1.01 of the head of the shell, the tool cuts into the radius of the shell, distorts its shape, worsening the accuracy of the battle. With the length of the front of the core more than 1.2 of the head of the shell, there is no guarantee of filling the bow of the shell due to the arising friction forces, which also worsens the accuracy of the battle.

 The introduction of a recess in the tail of the core, as well as the washer, provides a standard for the location of the center of gravity of the bullet and improve the accuracy of the battle (the diameter of the dispersion of bullets during firing). In addition, the powder gases during the shot, penetrating through the hole of the washer, press on the large end surface of the core formed by the recess and stabilize the flight of the bullet upon departure from the barrel.

 The bullet works as follows. When a bullet meets a target, shell 1 is deformed due to the lead core and grooves on the inner surface of the head of shell 1. Experimental firing of 5.45 mm caliber bullets found that when the diameter of the inlet was about 6 mm, the diameter of the outlet was obtained from 35 to 47 mm with a bullet dispersion diameter of 9 cm.

Thus, the advantages of the proposed bullet compared with the prototype are the following:
- ensuring the stability of the accuracy of the bullet battle due to the guaranteed filling of the nose ("nose") with lead, as well as due to the deepening in the tail of the core and due to the introduction of the washer to ensure the norm of the center of gravity;
- the exception of the dismantling of bullets in the barrel and in flight by covering the lead core with a washer.

Claims (3)

 1. The bullet of a hunting cartridge for a rifled weapon, containing a metal shell with longitudinal grooves and with a top cut in the head, as well as a composite core located in the shell, characterized in that the back of the composite core is made with a recess, and the bullet is equipped with a washer to close it the edge of the shell, while the length of the front of the core is 1.01 - 1.2 of the head of the shell.  2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of a cone.  3. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of a sphere.