RU2170617C2 - Versatile counterflow jet unit for high-temperature processing of raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: high-temperature processing of petroleum products and loose materials, applicable for grinding and synthesizing of various solid and gaseous products. SUBSTANCE: the unit two aligned and opposite-directed combustion chambers secured on the frame of the reaction chamber formed in which is the plasma zone with throttling parts accommodating the atomizers of the headers of the device for feeding the quenching medium. A central planar nozzle with a central body is made at the outlet of the chambers. A device for introduction of source material in the form of at least one header with atomizers located the chamber for preheating of raw material connected to the pipe connection for feeding of raw material is built in the central body. The planar nozzle is confined by shells forming by the outer walls combustion chambers positioned symmetrically relative to the plane of symmetry, Laval nozzle made with a bevel cut for formation of energy fluxes separated relative to the plane of symmetry. EFFECT: reduced cost of the unit, enhanced reliability and capacity, expanded range of processed raw material due to expansion of the temperature range and continuous operation of the unit. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to high-temperature processing of petroleum products and bulk materials, and in particular to plants for grinding and synthesizing various solid, liquid and gaseous products, and can be used for spraying one substance onto another in powder metallurgy during heat treatment of machine parts and mechanisms, in cracking chemical reactors fuel oil and in the processing of gas and oil products, as well as for high-temperature synthesis of various substances from gas condensates and other materials.

 Known grinding and calcining gas-jet installation for grinding products requiring heat treatment, containing coaxially mounted opposed combustion chambers with nozzles, a reaction chamber, a container for collecting products and input devices of the feedstock (AS USSR N 1196030, IPC: B 02 C 19 / 06, publ. 07.12.85, bul. N 45).

 The reason that impedes obtaining the required technical result is the impossibility of providing a wide range of processing temperatures for materials, which is associated with low turbulence and speeds of gas jets due to the presence of raw materials in the entire mass of gas emanating from the chambers in the zone before the collision of oncoming jets, which leads to sufficiently low temperatures .

 A device is known for gas-jet processing of bulk materials, containing countercurrently directed and coaxially located energy sources, including chambers with input pipes for feedstock and energy carrier, equipped with a central nozzle and inclined nozzles symmetrically located relative to it, a reaction chamber and a device for collecting final products (PCT application ( WO) N 90/04457, IPC: B 02 C 19/06, publ. 3.05.90, bul. 10).

 The reason that impedes obtaining the required technical result is the lack of a plasma zone due to the convergence of all jets at one point and the fundamental impossibility of ensuring high temperatures in it, due to the low collision speeds of oncoming jets, providing only some acceleration of the entire mass of raw materials.

 A countercurrent jet device for gas-jet grinding of materials is known, comprising a reaction chamber with integrated coaxial and counter-directional energy sources, including chambers with central input devices of feedstock in the form of pipes and equipped with Laval nozzles symmetrically located relative to the input devices of the feedstock, an exhaust device processing products (AS USSR N 1724367, IPC: B 02 C 19/06, publ. 07.04.92, bull. N 13).

 The reason that impedes the achievement of the desired result is the impossibility of high-temperature processing in the collision zone of the opposing jets due to the lack of a central nozzle, preheating and turbulization of the raw materials. In addition, the usual Laval nozzle at the slightest change in the parameters of one of the chambers leads to oscillation or shift of the collision zone of the oncoming gas jets, which reduces the reliability of the installation and productivity due to changes in the quenching parameters of the final product.

 Of the known devices, the closest to the claimed one is a device for the high-temperature processing of gas condensate, containing a reaction chamber with integrated and opposed sources of energy to form a plasma zone, equipped with a perforated quenching medium supply device located in the throttling part of the plasma zone, and each connected a device for inputting raw materials, at least one device for unloading final products, a chamber for preheating raw materials, an input device communicating with the feedstock with a feed pipe (RF Patent N 2026334, IPC: C 10 G 15/12, publ 10.01.95, at Bul N 1..).

 The reason that impedes the achievement of the technical result provided by the claimed device is its high cost, due to the power consumption of the plasma torches, the complexity and cumbersome design, due to the need for 2-stage hardening, as well as the limited range of raw materials associated with obtaining sufficiently low temperatures (4000K ) in the plasma zone. In addition, the low turbulization of steam and gas (gas suspension), which leads to a decrease in the rate of chemical reactions, as well as the small size of the plasma zone reduce the productivity of the installation upon receipt of the product.

 The basis of the invention is the task of developing a universal device for high-temperature processing of products in a plasma jet, operating simultaneously in a wide range of different types of bulk materials, as well as petroleum products, while the device should have a low cost, be small-sized, reliable and efficient.

 In the implementation of the task, a significant reduction in cost of the installation is achieved, associated with energy saving and simplification of the design, which allows you to simultaneously create the required size of the plasma zone with its expanded throttling zones using a one-stage hardening device, which leads to a reduction in cost and to increase the productivity of the installation, and, in addition to Moreover, replacing plasmatrons with the proposed design of combustion chambers allows for a long time to maintain temperatures in the plasma zone from 2500 to 15000K, s by the fact that plasma is formed in space and does not contact the components of the construction, it is impossible to implement long-term in the prior art plasma torches are limited low-resource electrode materials.

 The task is carried out in that the universal countercurrent jet installation for high-temperature processing of raw materials contains a reaction chamber with integrated and opposed sources of energy for forming a plasma zone equipped with a perforated quenching medium supply device located in the throttling part of the plasma zone and each connected to the device input of raw materials, at least one device for unloading final products, a chamber for preheating raw materials, ennuyu with an input feedstock to the nozzle feed.

 New in the device is that the energy sources are installed coaxially and each is made in the form of a combustion chamber, equipped with an external expansion nozzle with a central body located in the plane of symmetry of the combustion chamber and bounded by shells forming symmetrically located relative to the central nozzle with the walls of the combustion chamber flat Laval nozzles, each made with an oblique slice for the formation of divergent energy-bearing flows diverging relative to the plane of symmetry of the combustion chamber eating, and the input device of the feedstock is mounted in the Central body and made in the form of a feedstock connected to the pipe supply of at least one collector with at least one nozzle located in the preheating chamber in the plane of symmetry of the combustion chamber.

 In addition, a cooling system may be introduced into the installation, containing cavities for supplying and discharging cooling medium to the walls of the combustion chambers, shells and the central body connected to the corresponding nozzles, the quenching medium supply device can be made in the form of manifolds with nozzles in communication with the supply nozzles quenching medium and plasma zones symmetrically located relative to the plane of symmetry, and the combustion chambers can be located at a distance l ≥ 3h from each other, where h is the size of the oblique cut of the output eniya Laval nozzle. The distance l is measured between the ends of the central bodies.

The installation is presented in the drawings, which depict:
FIG. 1 is a sectional front view of the installation;
FIG. 2 is a section AA of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view of the combustion chamber along section BB in FIG. 1 left energy source;
FIG. 4 is a view of the combustion chamber in the plane of its symmetry along section CC in FIG. 2.

 The installation contains two energy sources of high-speed and high-temperature gas jets, made in the form of coaxially mounted and counter-directed combustion chambers 1, integrated by means of a frame 2 into the reaction chamber 3 with the formation of a plasma zone 4 and throttling zones 5.

 At the exit of the combustion chamber 1, an external expansion nozzle 6 is made (Fig. 3), for example, flat, with a central body 7 located in the plane of symmetry 8 of the combustion chamber 1 and shells 9 located symmetrically with respect to the central body 7 and forming their outer side 10 of the Laval nozzle 11, for example, flat, made with an oblique cut 12 each. The direction of the oblique sections of the Laval nozzles 11 relative to the plane of symmetry 8 is chosen so that they form diverging gas flows 13 on both sides of it.

 Based on the optimal dimensions of the installation, the distance between the combustion chambers l is chosen equal to or greater than the triple size h of the oblique cut 12 of the output section of the flat Laval nozzle 11.

 In the central body 7, a feed input device is built-in, made in the form of a feed supply pipe 14 connected to at least one or several collectors 15 with nozzles 16 located in the feed pre-heating chamber 17, limited by the gas inlet to it and a critical section 18 of the nozzle external expansion 6. In the walls of the combustion chamber 1, as well as in the central body 7 and in the shells 9, components of the cooling system of the cavity installation are made with the inlet and outlet of a cooling medium, for example, water, 19, 20, 21, respectively union of the respective supply nozzles 22 and outlet nozzles 23 of the cooling medium.

 Each combustion chamber is equipped with nozzles for supplying an oxidizing agent (for example, air, oxygen, etc.) 24 and fuel (for example, hydrogen, kerosene, natural gas, etc.) 25, as well as nozzle heads 26 for spraying.

 The reaction chamber 3 is made in the form of a sealed container with double walls 27, equipped with devices for discharging solid 28 and gaseous 29 end products and a cooling system with water supply to the pipe 30 and its discharge from the pipe 31.

 In the reaction chamber 3, a quenching medium supply device is installed, symmetrically covering the throttling zones of plasma 5 and made in the form of, for example, collectors 32 with perforation in the form of nozzles 33 and in communication with the quenching medium supply pipe 34 in the form of, for example, methane, hydrocarbon or water.

 The cutting angle 12 of the flat Laval nozzles 11 is selected based on the required dimensions of the plasma zone 4, symmetrically located relative to the plane of symmetry 35 and the optimal expansion of the gases in the oblique cut.

 The device operates as follows.

 The combustion chambers 1 are turned on by supplying to each of them an oxidizer nozzle 24 and a fuel nozzle 25, the mixture of which is ignited at the outlet of the nozzle heads 26, forming hot gases. At the same time, the feedstock (for example, fuel oil, or gas condensate, or a suspension of oxides, etc.) is supplied through the pipe 14, the collector 15 and the nozzle 16 to the preheating chamber 17, where the raw material heats up under the influence of the hot gases coming from the combustion chamber 1, mixed with the gas stream, and then the mixed gas source gas, passing the inner space between the central body 7, the shells 9 to the critical section 18 of the nozzle 6, is accelerated and sent in the form of a gas stream 36 towards a similar stream from tivoraspolozhennoy combustion chamber 1.

 At the same time, the hot gases of the combustion chamber 1 enter the external flat Laval nozzles 11, which have an oblique cut 12, which rotates the gas stream 13 outward from the plane of symmetry 8 of the combustion chamber 1, stabilizing the size and location of the plasma zone 4 (braking zone) relative to its symmetry plane 35. Moreover, by changing the angle of inclination of the oblique cut 12 of the flat Laval nozzle 11 relative to the plane of symmetry 8 of the combustion chamber 1, it is possible to change the vertical size of the plasma zone 4.

 In addition, in the event of an unexpected change in the operating conditions of the combustion chambers 1 (changes in input parameters, surface wear, etc.), the above arrangement of oblique sections 12 allows you to automatically stabilize the location of the collision plane 35 (braking) of the oncoming flows 13, i.e. zone of plasma formation, returning it symmetrically to the plane 35 in the original place of space.

 To prevent burnout of the combustion chamber 1, Laval nozzles 11 and the central body 7 of the nozzle 6 with shells 9 in their cooling cavity through the nozzles 22 serves a cooling medium, which is removed through the nozzles 23 in the heated state.

 Supersonic velocity hot lateral gas flows 13 coming from flat Laval nozzles 11 of counter-current combustion chambers 1 meet in the plane of symmetry of the plasma zone 35, collide and, braking sharply, heat up to high temperatures, forming a plasma zone 4. In this case, the plasma temperature can adjust from 2500 to 15000K by changing the flow of fuel and oxidizer supplied to the combustion chamber 1.

 The central opposing (oncoming) hot flows of steam and gas or gas suspension 36 also collide with each other and, creating a region of high turbulence and temperature (less than along the edges of the plasma), pass through the zone of flows 13 of plasma 4 on both sides of the plane of symmetry 8 of combustion chambers 1, additionally warming up to high temperatures and creating additional turbulence, at which the raw material is converted into new substances, while plasma jets with new substances due to the sharp expansion of the dynamically compressed gas volume, cooling ayutsya in Jun 5 throttling.

 To increase the cooling effect through the nozzles 33 of the manifolds 32, a quenching medium is fed into the throttle zone 5.

 The resulting new substances enter the tank 27, from where the solids through at least one device 28 enter the transportation system, and gaseous substances are removed through the at least one device 29.

 The combustion chambers 1 are mounted on a frame 2, rigidly mounted on the housing of the reaction chamber 3, to parry the reaction thrust from gas emissions from opposing nozzles of the combustion chambers 1.

 The ability to achieve the technical result is realized due to the fact that instead of plasmatrons, the combustion chambers are used in the proposed design, installed counter-to and allowing to create higher-temperature plasma zones stably located in the space between the combustion chambers, with the possibility of regulating the temperature range by changing the input parameters inherent in the design of combustion chambers and thereby allowing to expand the range of processed raw materials. At the same time, the proposed design is much cheaper than the prototype device due to the supply of raw materials with its preliminary heating in the chamber itself and subsequent processing at higher temperatures, which significantly reduces the dimensions of the installation, which is also facilitated by the presence of one-step hardening.

 The possibility of a stationary, stable location of the plasma zone relative to the plane of symmetry of the system, regardless of the change in the operating modes of the combustion chambers, was achieved both by the location of the nozzles and by the presence of oblique sections on the flat Laval nozzles, which ultimately leads to significant reliability and productivity of the installation during its long non-stop work.

Claims (4)

 1. Universal countercurrent jet installation for high-temperature processing of raw materials, containing a reaction chamber with built-in and counter-directed sources of energy for forming a plasma zone, equipped with a perforated quenching medium supply device located in the intergrowing part of the plasma zone, and each connected to a source input device at least one device for unloading the final products, a chamber for preheating of raw materials in communication with the input device of the feedstock rye with a raw material supply pipe, characterized in that the energy sources are mounted coaxially and each made in the form of a combustion chamber, equipped with an external extension nozzle with a central body located in the plane of symmetry of the combustion chamber and bounded by shells forming symmetrically with the walls of the combustion chamber - Laval flat nozzles located relative to the central nozzle, each made with an oblique cut to form sweat diverging relative to the plane of symmetry of the combustion chamber Cove energy source, wherein the feedstock input device encased in the central body and is in the form associated with the feed pipe, at least one manifold having at least one nozzle located in the preheating of the combustion chamber in the plane of symmetry of the chamber.  2. The universal countercurrent jet installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a cooling system is introduced into it, containing cavities for supplying and discharging a cooling medium to the walls of the combustion chambers, shells and the central body connected to the corresponding nozzles.  3. The universal countercurrent jet installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the quenching medium supply device is made in the form of collectors with nozzles in communication with the quenching medium supply pipes and symmetrically located relative to the plane of symmetry of the plasma zone.  4. The universal countercurrent jet installation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the combustion chambers are located at a distance of 1 ≥ 3h from each other, where h is the size of the oblique cut of the outlet section of the Laval nozzle.

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