RU202299U1 - Biological Material Extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of biological materials to obtain high-quality products. The device contains a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of a sequentially located barrier section and a decompression section, and in the dosing zone, the screw is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, made with a turn of a toothed blade, the height of the teeth of one stage have a height equal to the depth of the channel of the turn, the teeth of the other stage have a height more than one second of the depth of the channel of the turn, made with a width equal to one-third of the width of the ridge of the turn. The technical result consists in improving the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone, to ensure high-quality mixing of the biological material of increased hardness. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of biological materials to obtain quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 15.03.2005, bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing biological materials consisting of secondary, primary biological raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for biological materials (biological mixture), a set of expensive equipment is required for preliminary preparation of raw materials (mixers, press, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give a good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The task of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone, to ensure high-quality mixing of biological material of increased hardness.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of biological materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of a series located a barrier section and a decompression section, and in the dosing zone the auger is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections made with a toothed blade turn, the height of the teeth of one stage have a height equal to the depth of the turn channel, the teeth of the other stage have a height more by one second the depths of the loop channel are made with a width equal to one third of the width of the loop ridge.

At a lower height and width of the teeth, uniform mixing of large fractions of biological materials is not ensured, and at a higher height and width of the teeth, uniform mixing of small fractions of the material is not ensured, and it is also possible to create stagnant zones of the material, which can lead to their destruction. When passing from the barrier section 7 and the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the effective removal of highly volatile compounds. The use of turns of the blade of a toothed mixing shape ensures high-quality mixing of biological materials of increased hardness due to the creation of an additional pressure difference between the teeth and the body.

The features common to the prototype are:

a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripping device,

modular auger,

in the feed area the auger is made in the form of a conical section

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a sequentially located barrier section and a decompression section.

Distinctive features of the device are:

in the dosing zone, the auger is made of two successively arranged conical and mixing sections with a toothed blade turn,

the height of the teeth of one step is equal to the depth of the coil channel,

the height of the teeth of the other stage is greater by one-half of the depth of the coil channel,

the teeth have a width equal to one third of the width of the ridge of the turn.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of biological mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows a mixing section of a metering zone with a turn of a toothed blade.

The extruder for processing biological materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The body consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the auger consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the auger is made of two successively arranged conical 9 and mixing 10 sections with a toothed blade turn.

In (Fig. 2), a mixing section 10 with a turn of a tooth-shaped blade 11 is shown, the height of the teeth of one stage 12 alternates with the height of the tooth of another stage 13, while the mixture of biological materials passes from the inlet channel with low shear deformations 14, formed between the body and the inner part of the screw into the outlet channel with high shear deformations 15, formed between the teeth of the screw loop and the body, through the gap between the loop and the body 16. Opening 17 made in the decompression section 8 of the compression zone 5 to remove volatile compounds contained in biological materials.

The extruder for processing biological materials works as follows.

Various biological materials of increased hardness (primary and secondary) are simultaneously fed by separate dispensers into the loading device 2, captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, transported in solid form, mixed, and compacted in the feed zone 4, then in the compression zone 5 in the barrier section 7, there is a creation of pressure and advancement of the biological mixture in the cylindrical section 8 of the compression zone 5, the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determine the magnitude and stability of the pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, the mixing section 10 of the dosing zone 6 with teeth of different heights ensures uniform mixing of the components in a ground form.

Example. With the depth of the channel of the turn of the screw in the feed zone of 7 mm and the width of the ridge of the turn of 6 mm, the teeth of one stage have a height of 7 mm, the teeth of the other stage have a height one-second of the depth of the channel of the turn, and the width is equal to a third of the width of the ridge of the turn.

In the process of processing biological mixtures of increased hardness, for example: grape seed, coriander, the use of a toothed blade in the extruder design provides high-quality mixing of biological material by increasing shear deformations, as well as creating an additional pressure difference between the blade coil and the body. This design provides a 40% increase in homogeneity of mixing of coarse fractions of material with increased hardness (for example: grape seed, coriander) and an increase of 8% in uniformity of mixing of fine fractions of material with increased hardness (for example: waste of grape seed, waste of coriander), thereby improving the flow biological mixture by 3.2 times, and the possibility of creating stagnant zones of materials is excluded, which leads to an improvement in product quality by 2 times.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of biological mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

Claims (1)

An extruder for the processing of biological materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, an auger made of assembly, in a feed zone a screw is made in the form of a conical section, in a compression zone a screw is made of two successively located barrier sections and decompression section, characterized in that the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively arranged conical and mixing sections, made with a turn of a toothed blade, the height of the teeth of one stage has a height equal to the depth of the channel of the turn, the teeth of the other stage have a height greater by one second of the depth the coil channels are made with a width equal to one third of the width of the turn ridge, forming an inlet channel with low shear deformations formed by the body and the inner part of the screw, an outlet channel with high shear deformations formed between the teeth of the screw coil and the body, and a gap between the coil and the body.

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