RU201585U1 - Excimer laser vision correction device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for the treatment of eyes using lasers and can be used for excimer laser vision correction. The technical problem of the utility model, which coincides with the positive result from its use, is the possibility of changing the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the cornea with distance from the center of the working area to the periphery. The device contains a housing on which an annular guide is mounted, equipped with a precision drive, made with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, on which four posts are fixed at a uniform distance from each other. On the upper end of each of the racks, a microdrive is horizontally fixed, on the shaft of which a mirror is fixed with the possibility of turning around a horizontal axis. In this case, the power outputs of the control unit, made on the basis of a microcontroller fixed to the housing, are electrically connected to the precision drive of the annular guide, as well as to the micro drives fixed on the racks.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for treating eyes using lasers and can be used for excimer-laser vision correction using PRK (PRK - photo-refractive keratectomy), LASIK (laser keratomileusis), Femto-LASIK (Femto-LASIK), LASEK (LAZEK).

Devices for performing excimer laser vision correction traditionally consist of an excimer laser generating a narrow laser beam, an optical deflection system and a control computer. In accordance with a given program of movements, the laser beam in scanning mode ablates the cornea of the eye, changing its shape in order to correct the optical power.

A device for excimer laser vision correction is known from the prior art, which consists of an excimer laser that generates a wide beam, a control unit for laser operation modes and an optical shaping system controlled by a doctor's computer [1].

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the limited possibility of its use for the implementation of algorithms that change the parameters of the laser beam, which causes the need for temporary stops when performing vision correction operations. These stops can lead to negative consequences for the patient due to drying of the corneal surface during the operation stop.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model and selected as a prototype is a device for excimer laser vision correction (RU 121157 U1, IPC A61F 9/008, publ. 20.10.2012). The device consists of an excimer laser, a laser operating mode control unit, an optical shaping system and a computer, the optical output of the laser being connected to the optical input of the shaping system, and the control information input of the laser is connected to the information output of the laser mode control unit [2].

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is its limited ability to control the laser beam during the operation. In addition, the source of information disclosing the essence of the technical solution does not provide information on the specific type of laser control unit, which casts doubt on the industrial applicability of the prototype.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the device for excimer laser vision correction.

The specified problem is solved in that the device contains a housing on which an annular guide is mounted, equipped with a precision drive, made with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, on which four posts are fixed at a uniform distance from each other. On the upper end of each of the racks, a microdrive is horizontally fixed, on the shaft of which a mirror is fixed with the possibility of turning around a horizontal axis. In this case, the power outputs of the control unit, made on the basis of a microcontroller fixed on the housing, are electrically connected to the precision drive of the annular guide, as well as to the micro drives fixed on the racks.

A positive technical result provided by the set of features disclosed above is the possibility of changing the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the cornea with distance from the center of the working area (ablation zone) to the periphery.

The design of the device is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows its construction in isometric projection, and FIG. 2 - simplified block diagram of the control unit.

The excimer laser correction device is designed as follows.

Its basis is a body (not shown in the figures), on which an annular guide 1 is mounted, equipped with a precision drive (not shown in the figures), made with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, on which four posts 2 are fixed at a uniform distance from each other , 3, 4, 5. On the upper end of each of the posts, a microdrive is horizontally fixed, on the shaft of which a mirror is fixed 6. To the precision drive of the annular guide, as well as to the microdrives 7, 8, 9, 10, fixed on the posts 2, 3, 4 , 5, the power outputs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the control unit are connected, made on the basis of the microcontroller 16, fixed on the housing. The precision drive of the annular guide and the micro-drives can be made on the basis of stepper motors or galvo motors.

Microcontroller 16 contains a microprocessor core 17, connected via a system bus with FLASH program memory 18, SRAM data memory 19, analog-to-digital converter 20, Ethernet controller 21, general-purpose input-output interface grouped in five eight-bit GPI / O - input-output ports 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and an SD card connection module 27. In this case, the measuring input 28 of the control unit is connected to the analog-to-digital converter 20, the Ethernet controller 21 is connected to the Wi-Fi module 29, the first eight-bit GPI / O-I / O port 22 is connected to the first power output 11, the second eight-bit GPI / O-I / O port 23 is connected to the second power output 12, the third eight-bit GPI / O-I / O port 24 is connected to the third power output 13, the fourth eight-bit GPI / O-port 25 is connected to the fourth power output 14, the fifth eight-bit GPI / O-port 26 is connected to the fifth power output 15, and the module slot is connected The SD card 27 is inserted and electrically connected to the SD card 30 module.

A resistive temperature sensor 32 fixed on the case can be connected to the measurement input 28 through an operational amplifier 31; any known microcircuit on the Cortex-M4F / R microprocessor core can be used as a microcontroller, aimed at creating high-performance real-time systems for critical applications, for example domestic microcontroller K1921VK01T (Practical course of microprocessor technology based on ARM-Cortex-M3 / M4 / M4F processor cores [electronic resource]: textbook - electron, text data. (12 Mb) / V.F. Kozachenko, A.S. Anuchin , D.I. Alyamkin and others; under the general editorship of V.F.Kozachenko. - Moscow: MPEI Publishing House, 2019 .-- 543 p. Access mode: http://motorcontrol.ru/wp-content/uploads / 2019/04 / Practical course microprocessor.pdf.), And the ESP8266-01 assembly (ESP8266-01 WiFi module // MCU Store.URL: https://mcustore.ru/store) can be used as a Wi-Fi module / moduli-svyazi / modul-wifi-esp8266 /? gclid = CjwKCAiA58fvBRAzEiwA 0W-hzezFoQo60DEhZStdn7fMT-SDeNRZ2oJB f8dkNm5re0i2KGbf e3YFBoCu080AvD BwE.).

A device for excimer laser vision correction is used as follows.

In the general case, when carrying out the operation of laser vision correction, equipment is used, consisting of an excimer laser, a laser operating mode control unit equipped with a Wi-Fi module, an optical shaping system and a computer for calculating the operation, and the optical output of the laser is connected to the optical input of the shaping system, a computer is connected to the block for controlling the operating modes of the laser, and the control information input of the laser is connected to the information output of the said block.

Before starting the vision correction procedure, the device for excimer laser correction is placed in the area of the ophthalmic operation so that the operated eye is in the center of the circular guide 1. Next, the laser operating mode control unit is switched via wireless communication with the control unit for the excimer laser correction device , perform the calculation of the operation using a computer, after which the procedure for vision correction begins.

When the laser beam incident on the surface of the cornea is deflected from the normal to its surface, the reflection coefficient increases, and can reach unity when the laser beam is completely reflected. In the center of the working area, the angle of incidence of the laser beam is zero, but with a maximum diameter of the working area of 8.2 mm, depending on the distance from the optical forming system to the cornea, the angle of deflection of the laser beam can reach 60 °. In this case, an increase in the angle of deflection of the laser beam above 10 ° leads to an increase in the reflection coefficient, and an increase in the said angle to 60 ° leads to its sharp increase.

The problem of correcting the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the cornea with distance from the center of the working zone (ablation zone) to the periphery is solved using the device disclosed in this application as follows.

During the entire operation, the laser operating mode control unit wirelessly transmits to the excimer laser correction device the current parameters of the laser beam, including the coordinates of its focusing. The microprocessor core 17 of the microcontroller 16 of the device control unit, based on the control program stored in the FLASH program memory 18 using the SRAM data memory 19, controls the power outputs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and, respectively, via the general-purpose input-output interface , a precision drive of the annular guide 1 and micro drives 7, 8, 9 and 10, providing a change in the position of the mirrors 6 so as to minimize the angle of incidence of the laser beam. In this case, the control parameters of the drives are stored on the SD card 30 and can be corrected.

Simultaneously with the control of the drives, the microprocessor core 17 carries out a continuous polling cycle of the temperature sensor 32 using the analog-to-digital converter 20 and transmits the received data via a wireless channel to the laser operating mode control unit, providing temperature control in the operation area.

Thus, the device disclosed in this application removes restrictions on the use of algorithms for performing vision correction operations that require changes in the parameters of laser radiation during the operation due to an individual change in the curvature of the patient's cornea. In addition, the use of the device eliminates the need for a temporary stop of the operation associated with the need to obtain, calculate and enter updated data into the laser control unit, which generally increases the efficiency of excimer laser vision correction operations.

List of sources used

1. Kachalina G.F. Surgical technology of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for myopia on the excimer laser "Profile-500": Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. honey. sciences. - M., 2000 .-- 26 p.

2. RU 121157 U1, IPC A61F 9/008. A device for excimer laser vision correction / Soft A.I. (RU); applicant and patentee of LLC Ost-Optic K (RU). No. 2012122268/14; declared 05/29/2012; publ. 20.10.2012, Bul. No. 29.1 p .; silt

Claims (4)

1. A device for changing the angle of incidence of a laser beam on the cornea for an excimer-laser vision correction device, characterized in that it is configured to be mounted on the body of an excimer-laser vision correction device by means of an annular guide provided with a precision drive, made with the ability to rotate around a vertical axis , on which four posts are fixed at a uniform distance from each other; on the upper end of each of the racks, a microdrive is horizontally fixed, on the shaft of which a mirror is fixed with the ability to rotate around a horizontal axis, while the precision drive of the annular guide, as well as the microdrives fixed on the racks, are electrically connected to the power outputs of the control unit based on the microcontroller fixed to the body. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precision drive of the annular guide and the micro drives are made on the basis of stepper motors. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precision drive of the annular guide and the micro drives are made on the basis of galvo motors. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the microcontroller contains a microprocessor core connected by means of a system bus with a FLASH program memory, a SRAM data memory, an analog-to-digital converter, an Ethernet controller, a general-purpose input-output interface, grouped in five eight-bit GPI / O I / O ports, and an SD card connection module.

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