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RU2008143542A - FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS OF PLANT ORIGIN - Google Patents

FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS OF PLANT ORIGIN Download PDF

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RU2008143542A
RU2008143542A RU2008143542/04A RU2008143542A RU2008143542A RU 2008143542 A RU2008143542 A RU 2008143542A RU 2008143542/04 A RU2008143542/04 A RU 2008143542/04A RU 2008143542 A RU2008143542 A RU 2008143542A RU 2008143542 A RU2008143542 A RU 2008143542A
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fuel composition
composition according
carbon atoms
polymer
fuel
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RU2441902C2 (en
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Торстен ШТЕР (DE)
Торстен ШТЕР
Юрген ШНАБЕЛЬ (DE)
Юрген ШНАБЕЛЬ
Дитер ЯНССЕН (DE)
Дитер ЯНССЕН
Михаэль МЮЛЛЕР (DE)
Михаэль Мюллер
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Эвоник РоМакс Эддитивс ГмбХ (DE)
Эвоник РоМакс Эддитивс ГмбХ
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    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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Abstract

1. Топливная композиция, содержащая по меньшей мере одно дизельное топливо минерального происхождения и по меньшей мере одно дизельное биотопливо, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит по меньшей мере 20 мас.% дизельного топлива минерального происхождения и от 0,05 до 5 мас.% по меньшей мере одного полимера со сложноэфирными группами, который содержит повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные сложноэфирных мономеров с 16-40 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке, и повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные сложноэфирных мономеров с 7-15 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке. ! 2. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами выбран из группы, включающей полиалкил(мет)акрилаты, полиалкилфумараты и/или полиалкилмалеаты. ! 3. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит от 0,5 до 60 мас.% структурных единиц, производных сложноэфирных мономеров с 16-40 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке. !4. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит от 0,1 до 30 мас.% структурных единиц, производных сложноэфирных мономеров с 1-6 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке. ! 5. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами может быть получен полимеризацией смеси мономеров, которая содержит: ! от 0 до 40 мас.% одного или нескольких этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (I): ! , ! в которой R означает водород или метил, R1 означает линейный или разветвленный алкильный остаток с 1-6 атомами углерода, R2 и R3 независимо друг от друга означают водород или группу формулы -COOR 1. Fuel composition containing at least one diesel fuel of mineral origin and at least one diesel biofuel, characterized in that it contains at least 20 wt.% Diesel fuel of mineral origin and from 0.05 to 5 wt.% at least one polymer with ester groups, which contains repeating structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 16-40 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue, and repeating structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 7-15 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue. ! 2. Fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups is selected from the group consisting of polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, polyalkyl fumarates and / or polyalkyl maleates. ! 3. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains from 0.5 to 60 wt.% Of structural units derived from ester monomers with 16-40 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue. !4. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains from 0.1 to 30 wt.% Of structural units derived from ester monomers with 1-6 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue. ! 5. Fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups can be obtained by polymerizing a mixture of monomers that contains:! from 0 to 40 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I):! ,! in which R denotes hydrogen or methyl, R1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical with 1-6 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 independently of each other denote hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR

Claims (25)

1. Топливная композиция, содержащая по меньшей мере одно дизельное топливо минерального происхождения и по меньшей мере одно дизельное биотопливо, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит по меньшей мере 20 мас.% дизельного топлива минерального происхождения и от 0,05 до 5 мас.% по меньшей мере одного полимера со сложноэфирными группами, который содержит повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные сложноэфирных мономеров с 16-40 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке, и повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные сложноэфирных мономеров с 7-15 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке.1. A fuel composition containing at least one diesel fuel of mineral origin and at least one diesel biofuel, characterized in that it contains at least 20 wt.% Diesel fuel of mineral origin and from 0.05 to 5 wt.% at least one polymer with ester groups, which contains repeating structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 16-40 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue, and repeating structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 7-15 at ohms of carbon in the alcohol residue. 2. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами выбран из группы, включающей полиалкил(мет)акрилаты, полиалкилфумараты и/или полиалкилмалеаты.2. The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the ester polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, polyalkyl fumarates and / or polyalkyl maleates. 3. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит от 0,5 до 60 мас.% структурных единиц, производных сложноэфирных мономеров с 16-40 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке.3. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains from 0.5 to 60 wt.% Structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 16-40 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue. 4. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит от 0,1 до 30 мас.% структурных единиц, производных сложноэфирных мономеров с 1-6 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке.4. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains from 0.1 to 30 wt.% Structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 1-6 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue. 5. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами может быть получен полимеризацией смеси мономеров, которая содержит:5. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups can be obtained by polymerization of a mixture of monomers, which contains: от 0 до 40 мас.% одного или нескольких этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (I):from 0 to 40 wt.% one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (I):
Figure 00000001
,
Figure 00000001
, в которой R означает водород или метил, R1 означает линейный или разветвленный алкильный остаток с 1-6 атомами углерода, R2 и R3 независимо друг от друга означают водород или группу формулы -COOR', в которой R' означает водород или алкильный остаток с 1-6 атомами углерода,in which R means hydrogen or methyl, R 1 means a linear or branched alkyl residue with 1-6 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 independently from each other mean hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR 'in which R' means hydrogen or an alkyl residue with 1-6 carbon atoms, от 10 до 98 мас.% одного или нескольких этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (II):from 10 to 98 wt.% one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (II):
Figure 00000002
,
Figure 00000002
, в которой R означает водород или метил, R4 означает неразветвленный или разветвленный алкильный остаток с 7-15 атомами углерода, R5 и R6 независимо друг от друга означают водород или группу формулы -COOR'', в которой R'' означает водород или алкильный остаток с 7-15 атомами углерода, иin which R is hydrogen or methyl, R 4 is a straight or branched alkyl radical with 7-15 carbon atoms, R 5 and R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen or a group of the formula —COOR ″, in which R ″ is hydrogen or an alkyl residue of 7-15 carbon atoms, and от 0,1 до 80 мас.% одного или нескольких этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (III):from 0.1 to 80 wt.% one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (III):
Figure 00000003
,
Figure 00000003
, в которой R означает водород или метил, R7 означает линейный или разветвленный алкильный остаток с 16-40 атомами углерода, R8 и R9 независимо друг от друга означают водород или группу формулы -COOR''', в которой R''' означает водород или алкильный остаток с 16-40 атомами углерода.in which R means hydrogen or methyl, R 7 means a linear or branched alkyl residue with 16-40 carbon atoms, R 8 and R 9 independently from each other mean hydrogen or a group of the formula —COOR ″ ″, in which R ″ ″ means hydrogen or an alkyl residue with 16-40 carbon atoms. 6. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит не более 3 мас.% структурных единиц, производных мономеров с гидроксильными группами.6. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains not more than 3 wt.% Structural units, derivatives of monomers with hydroxyl groups. 7. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами содержит не более 3 мас.% повторяющихся структурных единиц, производных сложноэфирных мономеров формулы (IV') с кислородсодержащими спиртовыми остатками:7. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups contains no more than 3 wt.% Repeating structural units derived from ester monomers of the formula (IV ') with oxygen-containing alcohol residues:
Figure 00000004
,
Figure 00000004
, в которой R означает водород или метил, R10 означает замещенный гидроксильной группой алкильный остаток с 2-20 атомами углерода или алкоксилированный остаток формулы (V):in which R is hydrogen or methyl, R 10 is a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 2-20 carbon atoms or an alkoxylated radical of the formula (V):
Figure 00000005
,
Figure 00000005
, причем R13 и R14 независимо друг от друга означают водород или метил, R15 означает водород или алкильный остаток с 1-20 атомами углерода и n означает целое число от 1 до 30, и R11 и R12 независимо друг от друга означают водород или группу формулы -COOR'''', в которой R'''' означает водород, замещенный гидроксильной группой алкильный остаток с 2-20 атомами углерода или алкоксилированный остаток указанной выше формулы (V).wherein R 13 and R 14 are independently hydrogen or methyl, R 15 is hydrogen or an alkyl residue with 1-20 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 1 to 30, and R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula —COOR ″ ″ ″ in which R ″ ″ ″ is hydrogen, a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 2-20 carbon atoms or an alkoxylated residue of the above formula (V). 8. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что полимер со сложноэфирными группами обладает молекулярной массой от 40000 до 600000 г/моль.8. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with ester groups has a molecular weight of from 40,000 to 600,000 g / mol. 9. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что показатель полидисперсности полимера со сложноэфирными группами составляет от 1,0 до 10,0.9. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polydispersity index of the polymer with ester groups is from 1.0 to 10.0. 10. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что измеренное при 100°С загущающее действие ТЕ100 полимера со сложноэфирными группами составляет от 7,5 до 29 мм2/с.10. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickening effect of TE100 polymer with ester groups, measured at 100 ° C., is from 7.5 to 29 mm 2 / s. 11. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что точке кипения дизельного топлива минерального происхождения соответствует интервал от 120 до 450°С.11. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiling point of diesel fuel of mineral origin corresponds to an interval from 120 to 450 ° C. 12. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что кинематическая вязкость дизельного топлива минерального происхождения, измеренная при 40°С согласно ASTM D445, составляет от 1 до 5 мм2/с.12. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel of mineral origin, measured at 40 ° C according to ASTM D445, is from 1 to 5 mm 2 / s. 13. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что дизельное биотопливо содержит сложные эфиры жирной кислоты, производные одноатомных спиртов с 1-4 атомов углерода.13. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the diesel biofuel contains fatty acid esters, derivatives of monohydric alcohols with 1-4 carbon atoms. 14. Топливная композиция по п.13, отличающаяся тем, что моноэфир является метиловым эфиром.14. The fuel composition according to item 13, wherein the monoester is methyl ether. 15. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что дизельное биотопливо содержит по меньшей мере 35 мас.% насыщенных сложных эфиров жирной кислоты по меньшей мере с 16 атомами углерода в жирнокислотном остатке.15. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the diesel biofuel contains at least 35 wt.% Saturated fatty acid esters with at least 16 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue. 16. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что дизельное биотопливо произведено из пальмового масла или животного жира.16. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the diesel biofuel is made from palm oil or animal fat. 17. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что топливная композиция содержит по меньшей мере одну присадку.17. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel composition contains at least one additive. 18. Топливная композиция по п.17, отличающаяся тем, что по меньшей мере одна присадка выбрана из группы, включающей диспергаторы, деэмульгаторы, антивспениватели, присадки для повышения смазывающей способности, антиоксиданты, присадки для повышения цетанового числа, моющие присадки, красители, ингибиторы коррозии и/или одоранты.18. The fuel composition according to 17, characterized in that at least one additive selected from the group comprising dispersants, demulsifiers, antifoams, additives to increase lubricity, antioxidants, additives to increase the cetane number, detergents, colorants, corrosion inhibitors and / or odorants. 19. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит по меньшей мере 80 мас.% дизельного топлива минерального происхождения.19. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least 80 wt.% Diesel fuel of mineral origin. 20. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит от 0,1 до 1 мас.% по меньшей мере одного полимера со сложно-эфирными группами.20. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 0.1 to 1 wt.% At least one polymer with ester groups. 21. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она обладает следующим составом:21. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the following composition: от 20,0 до 97,95 мас.% дизельного топлива минерального происхождения,from 20.0 to 97.95 wt.% diesel fuel of mineral origin, от 2,0 до 79,95 мас.% дизельного биотоплива, от 0,05 до 5 мас.% полимера со сложноэфирными группами и от 0 до 60 мас.% присадок.from 2.0 to 79.95 wt.% diesel biofuels, from 0.05 to 5 wt.% polymer with ester groups and from 0 to 60 wt.% additives. 22. Топливная композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит от 0,01 до 0,5 мас.% сополимера этилена.22. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 0.01 to 0.5 wt.% Ethylene copolymer. 23. Топливная композиция по п.22, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит не более 0,05 мас.% сополимера этилена.23. The fuel composition according to p. 22, characterized in that it contains not more than 0.05 wt.% Ethylene copolymer. 24. Применение полимеров со сложноэфирными группами, причем полимеры содержат повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные ненасыщенных сложных эфиров с 7-15 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке, и повторяющиеся структурные единицы, производные ненасыщенных сложных эфиров с 7-15 атомами углерода в спиртовом остатке, в концентрации от 0,05 до 5 мас.%, в качестве средств для повышения текучести в топливных композициях, содержащих по меньшей мере одно дизельное топливо минерального происхождения и по меньшей мере одно дизельное биотопливо.24. The use of polymers with ester groups, the polymers containing repeating structural units, derivatives of unsaturated esters with 7-15 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue, and repeating structural units, derivatives of unsaturated esters with 7-15 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue, in a concentration from 0.05 to 5 wt.%, as a means to increase fluidity in fuel compositions containing at least one diesel fuel of mineral origin and at least one diesel biofuel. 25. Способ эксплуатации дизельного двигателя, отличающийся тем, что используют топливную композицию по одному из пп.1-23. 25. A method of operating a diesel engine, characterized in that the fuel composition is used according to one of claims 1 to 23.
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