RU205263U1 - DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY INTO ENERGY OF SHIP'S MOTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed utility model relates to the field of using alternative energy sources and rotary devices based on them for setting in motion and ensuring the translational movement of individual objects, mainly water transport of low power. The technical result achieved when using the claimed utility model is to ensure a reduction in gyroscopic loads during operation of the device. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for converting renewable energy into energy of movement of a vessel, comprising a main shaft configured to be inclined on the surface of the vessel with the possibility of rotation about its own axis, on one side of which there is a main blade propeller installed with the possibility rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand - a rigidly fixed blade main propeller, equipped with an additional shaft installed inside the main shaft coaxially with it with the possibility of independent rotation about its own axis and protruding beyond the main shaft, having an additional blade on one side a propeller mounted with the ability to rotate under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand - an additional bladed propeller, while the blades of the main and additional propellers and propellers correspond They are obviously oriented in opposite directions. 6 c.p. f-ly, 2 dwg.

Description

Technology area

The claimed utility model relates to the field of using alternative energy sources and rotary devices based on them for setting in motion and ensuring the translational movement of individual objects, mainly water transport of low power. In particular, the inventive device, installed on a small boat, contributes to the improvement of environmental friendliness and noiselessness of the device for moving on water.

State of the art

Wind power is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The experience of industrial use of wind turbines and wind turbines shows that efficiency depends on the placement of wind turbines in places with favorable air flow. The use of modern materials in the designs of units, the use of new schemes for generating and storing electricity will further increase the reliability and energy efficiency of wind turbines. A wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of the air flow into mechanical energy. This device is the basis of wind energy, an alternative direction in the use of natural resources. Wind turbines are mainly used as a driving force of vane or carousel type.

Known marine wind turbine containing a vertical axis with three discs, between which are placed S-shaped blades in two tiers, while the blades of one tier are located perpendicular to the blades of the other tier (see patent RU 2063904). The wind rotates the axle with the help of the blades, which transmits its rotation through the gearbox and the propeller shaft to the propeller, as a result of which the ship starts to move. The wind turbine is made with rods to prevent axle vibrations.

Also known is an outboard wind turbine for small boats, disclosed in patent RU 2335429. The wind turbine includes a mast, a wind wheel with flexible or rigid blades containing ribs, a transmission, a propeller with a drive placed in the housing, and a fin. The wind wheel, transmission, fin and propeller are combined into one structure, equipped with horizontal axle shafts inserted into the bearings of the mast. The known invention achieves improved safety for the crew of movement of a small vessel at any angle to the direction of the wind.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is a uniaxial wind turbine installed on a small vessel and containing an inclined shaft, at the free end of which a propeller is installed, and a direct kinematic transmission connecting the shaft to the propeller, disclosed in the publication JP2013002399A. The known device solves the problem of generating electricity away from the coastlines in the absence of mooring of the vessel. To generate electricity, it is necessary to hold the boat in a fixed position so that the propeller has a low-speed, high-torque shape. As a result, the remaining energy that drives the propeller and, accordingly, the ship, can be used to generate electricity.

The above solutions are characterized by similar disadvantages, namely, a small developed thrust force, a low achievable speed of the vessel's movement, and also allow the presence of gyroscopic effects arising from the increased total angular momentum of the rotating elements of wind turbines, and preventing the execution of maneuvers in motion.

Brief disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical result achieved when using the claimed utility model is to ensure a reduction in gyroscopic loads during operation of the device.

The advantage of the proposed solution is also an increase in the efficiency of converting wind energy into motor energy, due to the formation of counter-directional rotations of pairs of propellers and propellers.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for converting renewable energy into energy of movement of a vessel, comprising a main shaft configured to be inclined on the surface of the vessel with the possibility of rotation about its own axis, on one side of which there is a main blade propeller installed with the possibility rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand - a rigidly fixed blade main propeller, according to the technical solution, is equipped with an additional shaft installed inside the main shaft coaxially with it with the possibility of independent rotation about its own axis and protruding beyond the main shaft, having, on the one hand, an additional blade propeller mounted with the possibility of rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand, an additional blade propeller, while the blades of the main and additional propellers ers and propellers, respectively, are oriented in opposite directions. The length of the additional shaft L _d exceeds the length of the main shaft L _about by 5 ÷ 50%. The specified ratio of the lengths L _d and L _{about is} selected to ensure that the distance H _p between the additional and main propellers is equal to 0.2 ÷ 0.05R _op radius of the main propeller, as well as ensuring that the distance between the additional and main propellers H _g is equal to 0.2 ÷ 0.05R _og radius of the main propeller. The radius of the main propeller R _op is not more than 1.25R _{dp of the} radius of the additional propeller, and the radius of the main propeller R _og is not more than 1.25R _{dg of the} radius of the additional propeller. In other words, the radii of a pair (primary and secondary) of propellers and propellers can be either equal or differ by no more than 25%. The number of blades of the main propeller K _op is not more than 2K _{dp of the} number of blades of the additional propeller, and the number of blades of the main propeller K _og is not more than 2K _{dg of the} number of blades of the additional propeller. The main shaft is installed on the surface of the vessel with the ability to change its angle of inclination relative to its surface. The radius of the main propeller R _op is 5-10R _{og of the} radius of the main propeller, and the radius of the additional propeller R _dp is 5 ÷ 10 R _{og of the} radius of the additional propeller.

More specific values of these ratios in each specific case are established on the basis of experimental data for specific models of propellers and propellers.

The angle of inclination of the shafts relative to the surface of the vessel when the vessel is placed in the reservoir is chosen so that the main propeller is located under water, the depth of its immersion (propeller) relative to the water surface is no more than 1 ÷ 5 R _og radii of the main propeller, and the height of the center of the main propeller propeller above the water surface was no more than 1.5 ÷ 2 R _op radius of the main propeller.

Due to the opposite orientation of the blades of the two propellers under the action of the oncoming air flow of the wind, the propellers and, accordingly, the shafts on which they are installed rotate in opposite directions. Therefore, with the same moments of inertia of the propellers, shafts and propellers relative to the axes of rotation, the average angular momentum of the system remains close to zero, which contributes to a significant reduction in gyroscopic loads on the structure (for example, when turning a catamaran or other small vessel in space for orienting the device to the wind).

An additional increase in the efficiency of the device is also achieved due to the fact that the air flow swirls, passing through the section of the additional propeller, which increases the efficiency of energy conversion of this flow when it interacts with the next propeller rotating in the opposite direction. A similar effect is observed for two propellers of the device and contributes to an increase in the thrust force developed by the propeller located in the wake of the first.

As a result of mathematical modeling, as well as empirical selection of parameters, the most optimal proportions of the sizes of individual elements of the device have been established, which make it possible to achieve the maximum efficiency of the device during operation.

Brief Description of Drawings

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by the following images, where

in fig. 1 schematically shows a general view of the claimed device,

in fig. 2 shows a photo of the layout of the claimed utility model.

Positions in the drawings indicate:

1. body,

2.main shaft,

3.additional shaft,

4.additional propeller,

5.main propeller,

6.additional propeller,

7.main propeller,

8.the direction of the incoming air flow,

9.the direction of movement of the vessel,

10.the direction of rotation of the additional propeller,

11.the direction of rotation of the main propeller,

12.the direction of rotation of the main propeller,

13. the direction of rotation of the auxiliary propeller.

Implementation of the utility model

The claimed device belongs to the type of rotary devices for converting wind energy into the energy of the movement of the vessel and can be used to implement an alternative method of movement on water.

The device is intended for installation on the hull of the ship 1, for example, which is two interconnected floats with underwater keels that counteract lateral drift, that is, made in the form of a catamaran.

The device is a shaft system mounted to the ship's hull at an inclination, as a rule, of 5-30 ° to its surface. The device consists of a main hollow cylindrical shaft 2, obliquely mounted on the surface of the vessel with the ability to change its angle of inclination and with the ability to rotate around its own longitudinal axis, and an additional shaft 3. Shaft 3 is a rod coaxially installed inside the main shaft with the possibility of its independent rotation around its longitudinal axis. At the upper ends of the additional and main shafts, respectively, additional and main propellers 4, 5 are fixed, and on the lower ends - additional and main propellers 6, 7. The blades of the additional propeller 4 and propeller 6 are oriented in the same way and opposite to the orientation of the blades of the main propeller 5 and the main propeller screw 7. The propellers and propellers are rigidly attached to their respective shafts.

The auxiliary shaft has a length longer than the main shaft and is mounted on rolling bearings, which provide the possibility of its independent rotation. The additional shaft is installed protruding from the two ends of the main shaft. Its length L _d exceeds the length of the main shaft L _about by 5 ÷ 50%. The preferred ratio of L _d and L _about is due to the need to ensure the distance H _p between the additional and main propellers equal to 0.2 ÷ 0.05R _op radius of the main propeller, as well as ensuring that the distance between the additional and main propellers H _g is equal to 0, 2 ÷ 0.05R _og radius of the main propeller. The indicated distances H _p and H _g are generally equal.

The shaft system is installed at an angle to the plane of the hull in such a way that one end of it is located above the hull and the other below (when the vessel is placed in a body of water, this end must be in the water). The specific tilt angle is determined based on the overall dimensions of the shaft system elements (propellers and propellers). The sizes, shape and number of propeller blades and propellers can be chosen differently. So, an equal or unequal number of blades of the main and additional elements is possible, while the number of blades of the main element (propeller or propeller) can be either equal to the number of blades of the additional element (propeller or propeller), or exceed their number, for example, in 2 times. The relationship between the radii of the main and additional elements is also empirically determined (they can also be chosen equal or differ by a certain coefficient). It is preferable that the radius of the main elements does not exceed the radius of the additional elements by more than 25%. The relationship between the radii of the propeller and the propeller mounted on the same shaft is also determined. As a rule, this ratio R _dp / R _dg = R _op / R _og = 5-10. All of the above ratios were obtained as a result of numerical modeling and, to one degree or another, contribute to an increase in the efficiency of the proposed device.

The angle of inclination of the shafts is selected depending on the length of the housing such that the center of the main propeller was placed at a depth of 1 ÷ 5 R _og underwater, and the center of the main propeller at a height of 1.5 ÷ 2 R _op. In general, the shapes of the blades can be chosen arbitrarily; it is important that they are installed in opposite directions in relation to each other.

Arrow 8 in FIG. 1 indicates the direction of the incoming air flow, arrow 9 - the direction of movement of the catamaran. Arched arrows 10-13 indicate the direction of rotation of the propellers and propellers.

The claimed device operates as follows.

The inventive device is installed on a vessel floating on the surface of the reservoir. The device is oriented in such a way that the projections of the vector connecting the center of the propeller with the center of the propeller and the wind speed vector on the horizontal plane are oppositely directed (in this case, a slight deviation from the indicated location is possible with an error of 5-10 ° without affecting the degree of efficiency of the device). Adjustment of the angle of inclination of the shafts relative to the surface of the vessel can be carried out, for example, by means of a steering system. The choice of the angle of inclination in each specific case is determined in the above-described manner, taking into account the radii of the propellers, propellers and the length of the ship's hull. Under the action of the incoming air flow, the blades of the additional and main propellers begin to rotate in opposite directions and transfer rotation to a pair of propellers, which, also rotating in opposite directions, create a pushing force. The pushing force increases as the angular velocity of the auxiliary and main shafts increases, and as soon as it exceeds the forces of aerodynamic resistance, the body 1 of the device will begin to move in direction 7.

This principle of increasing the angular velocities of the propellers 4, 5, screws 6, 7 and the speed of movement of the body 1 works until the absolute values of the angular velocities of the propellers 4, 5 and screws 6, 7 become so large that the moments of hydrodynamic resistance acting on the screws 6, 7, compensate for aerodynamic moments, spinning the propellers 4, 5, and until the speed of the body 1 becomes so high that the drag forces acting on all elements of the device compensate for the thrust force of the propulsion system. The corresponding boundary values of the angular velocities of the propellers 4, 5, propellers 6, 7 and the speed of the hull 1 will be characteristic for the self-sustaining mode of movement of the device: the ship will move without stopping and at a constant speed and constant angular speed of rotation of the shafts.

An example of a specific implementation

A prototype model of the claimed device has been made (Fig. 2). The body is made of foam (any waterproof material can be used, for example, wood or composite materials). The overall dimensions of the vessel model are: length 30 cm, width - 25 cm, height - 25 cm.The gross system consists of a main shaft, which is a hollow tube 45 cm long with a constant circular cross-section, the inner diameter of which is 1 cm, and an additional shaft 3, 50 cm long, machined from graphite and installed in rolling bearings inside the outer shaft 2. The shaft system is mounted on the housing at an inclination of 30 ° to its surface. When the device is immersed in water, one end of it (part of the main and additional shafts with propellers) is located under water, and the other (part of the main and additional shafts with propellers) is 20-25 cm above the water level. The auxiliary and main propellers are made of plastic and are fixed on the auxiliary and main shafts, respectively. Each of them has three identical blades with a linear size (propeller radius) of 15 cm, while the twist orientation of the two propellers is opposite. Additional and main propellers are attached to the underwater ends of the additional and main shafts. They have two identical blades with a linear size (screw radius) of 3 cm each. The blade orientations of the auxiliary propeller and propeller and the main propeller and propeller are the same in pairs.

The experiments were carried out at the Research Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, at an incoming air flow velocity of 4–15 m / s. The self-sustaining mode of movement of the mechanism in the flow was observed. At flow velocities of 5 m / s, stable and rather fast movement against the wind was observed. Thus, it was experimentally confirmed that the proposed device is efficient and, with relatively small dimensions, provides a reliable and efficient conversion of renewable wind energy into mechanical energy of the body movement. It was also found that in the operating mode of motion, the angular velocities of the main and additional shafts approximately coincide with each other, due to which the kinetic moment of the system tends to zero, and thereby minimizes the gyroscopic loads during the operation of the device.

Claims (7)

1. A device for converting renewable energy into energy of movement of a ship, containing a main shaft made with the possibility of inclined placement on the surface of the ship with the possibility of rotation about its own axis, on one side of which the main blade propeller is installed with the possibility of rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand, a bladed main propeller is rigidly fixed, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional shaft installed inside the main shaft coaxially with it with the possibility of independent rotation about its own axis and protruding beyond the main shaft, having an additional blade propeller on one side, installed with the possibility of rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, and on the other hand - an additional blade propeller, while the blades of the main and additional propellers and propellers, respectively, are oriented in opposite directions laziness. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the additional shaft L _d exceeds the length of the main shaft L _about by 5-50%. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of L _d and L _{o is} selected to ensure that the distance H _p between the additional and the main propellers is reached, equal to 0.2 ÷ 0.05R _{op of the} radius of the main propeller, as well as ensuring that the distance between the additional and main propeller screws H _g , equal to 0.2 ÷ 0.05R _og radius of the main propeller. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the radius of the main propeller R _op is not more than 1.25R _{dp of the} radius of the additional propeller, and the radius of the main propeller R _og is not more than 1.25R _{dg of the} radius of the additional propeller. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of blades of the main propeller K _op is no more than 2K _{dp of the} number of blades of the additional propeller, and the number of blades of the main propeller K _og is no more than 2K _{dg of the} number of blades of the additional propeller. 6. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the main shaft is installed on the surface of the vessel with the ability to change its angle of inclination relative to its surface. 7. The device under item 1, characterized in that the radius of the main propeller R _op is 5 ÷ 10R _og radius of the main propeller R _og , and the radius of the additional propeller R _dp is 5 ÷ 10 R _dg radius of the additional propeller.

Images