RU204562U1 - BONE TUMOR BIOPSY DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model relates to oncology, in particular to devices for biopsy of bone tumors for diagnostic purposes. The purpose of creating a utility model is to obtain a simple, reliable device for biopsy from different places and different depths of any bone tumor. The claimed utility model consists of a steel cylindrical tube, mandrel and pin. The proximal ends of the cylindrical tube and the mandrel are equipped with caps, and the histal ends - with an external thread. The device maximally reliably and safely allows physical and chemical antiblastics, in order to prevent hematogenous and implantation metastasis, and prevents bleeding by hemostasis.

Description

The useful model relates to oncology, in particular to devices for biopsy of bone tumors for diagnostic purposes.

Puncture biopsy - obtaining a column of tissue from the lesion for histological examination. The puncture is done with a special needle with a mandrel or a pediatric trocar (Basic principles of diagnosis of bone tumors. Handbook of oncology. Edited by BE Peterson M. 1974 pp. 198-199; Bone sarcomas. NN Trapeznikov, Yu.N. Soloviev et al. M: UzSSR, 1983, pp. 26-30; Encyclopedia of Clinical Oncology. Ed. By MI Davydov. M. Moscow-2004, pp. 165-166; Oncology: National Guide. Ed. . VI Chissov and MI Davydov. M .: 2008, p. 976.).

The disadvantage of biopsy using these devices is the possibility of blockage of the lumen of the needle, blank punctures and the need for repeated puncture, traumatic, risk of bleeding from the puncture canal. In addition, the risk of tumor spreading throughout the body increases many times with each puncture.

Puncture biopsy of bone tumors is performed using needles of various designs under general or local anesthesia. The known devices do not allow obtaining a sufficient amount of biopsy material required for the diagnosis. In addition, it is impossible to biopsy the tubular bone with a puncture needle due to its high density. There is a high risk of needle breakage and blockage during the procedure (MV Volkov. Bone diseases in children. - M .: Medicine. 1985, p. 57).

Known needle for puncture biopsy of the bone, which is a thin-walled metal tube with a sharpened edge with a diameter of 5 mm and a mandrel for its introduction to the object of study. After removing the mandrel, the needle moves forward with rotation, producing material for biopsy (needle for biopsy of bone tissue 2.9 - 5.0 × 100 mm IKB - 300 Scientific production enterprise "Unicon." Medical devices and instruments. Miass, 2003. Section 1. Surgery and resuscitation, p. 8).

With the help of this device, only a loose cancellous bone is biopsied, and the study of dense bone tissue with this needle, due to its design, is impossible.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model is a device for biopsy of a bone tumor (patent US 5660186 A1, 08/26/1997) containing a metal tube, a mandrel with a pointed end protruding beyond the tube, the tube at the distal end has an external thread, a mandrel in the proximal end It is equipped with a cap, and the distal end of the mandrel has a thread and protrudes 10 mm beyond the tube, which makes it possible to take material for biopsy from various sites of the bone tumor.

The disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of taking biopsy material from one puncture in all cases without exception and compliance with antiblastic measures (prevention of hematogenous and implantation tumor metastasis), which is very important to prevent bleeding from the puncture canal and tumor infection. Secondly, in the case of unsuccessful, non-informative and “blank” punctures, which are not so rare, it becomes necessary to re-puncture the tumor, which is more dangerous with complications. Thirdly, this device excludes the possibility of taking material for biopsy from different places and different depths of the tumor, which is extremely necessary to establish the morphological structure and degree of tumor malignancy in 100% of cases.

The purpose of creating a useful model is to obtain a simple, reliable device for biopsy from different places and different depths of any bone tumor (including by scarification) from one puncture with the possibility of antiblastic (prevention and spread of cancer cells after puncture) and hemostasis in case of bleeding from the puncture canal. ...

FIG. 1 shows the claimed device, consisting of 3 parts: steel hollow cylindrical tube [1], mandrel [4], pin [5]. The cylindrical tube has an inner diameter of 3.5 mm and an outer diameter of 5 mm. On the distal part, the tube with a cutting end has an external thread of 10 mm [2], and at the proximal end, the tube has a cap [3].

Mandrain [6] with a diameter of 2.8 mm has a distal working part with an external thread and a sharpened end protruding by 5 mm from a cylindrical hollow tube. At the proximal end of the cap [7], at a distance of 10 mm from which there is a through hole [8], for the pin [5], which acts as a fixation of the mandrel position. The part of the mandrel protruding from the tube allows the device to be smoothly screwed into the bone tumor.

The device works as follows.

Using a cap [7], screw the working part protruding 15 mm beyond the tube [1] into the tumor, while the biopsy material remains in the thread along the entire length. Then the tube is screwed onto the mandrel using a cap [3] and its external thread [2] to fix it in a certain position in the tumor and hold the biopath. The mandrin with a biopath is removed, leaving the tube in the bone tumor for a possible repetition of the biopsy from deeper layers of the tumor by moving the mandrin further along the tube. Biopsies from other sites of the tumor are taken by removing the tube towards the surface of the tumor, after removing the pin and changing the direction of the tube (Fig. 2). This allows taking biopsy material from different depths and from different sites of the bone tumor using one puncture, excluding any possibility of unsuccessful and uninformative blank puncture, and, therefore, there is no need for repeated puncture, which, in addition to additional trauma, is dangerous by hematogenous and implantation metastasis, bleeding from puncture canal and tumor infection. The contents of the puncture canal can be aspirated through the tube for cytological examination, and on the threaded part of the tube, after its extraction, there is additional biopsy material. Thus, the proposed device allows the sampling of biopsy material in an amount sufficient to determine the morphological structure of the tumor from different places and the degree of its malignancy in all cases.

Under local anesthesia, a skin incision up to 1 cm is made at the site of the proposed puncture. The assembled instrument due to the pointed end of the mandrel [6] is passed through the soft tissues to the bone. Grasp and press on the caps [3, 7] and turn the device 2-3 turns around the axis. The sharpened end of the mandrel and the distal end of the threaded tube are inserted into the bone tumor. The pin is removed from the mandrel, after which it is screwed into the bone tumor with the help of the mandrel cap [7] to a depth of 10 mm, while the biopsy remains in the thread along the entire length. Then the outer tube is screwed onto the mandrel using a cap [3] to fix and hold the biopsy specimen. The mandren with biotpath is removed, leaving a cylindrical tube inside the tumor in case of need for repeated puncture, antiblastic treatment, hemostasis of intratumarous polychemotherapy. When using the claimed device, the possibility of taking a biopsy is 100%.

If it is necessary to take material from deeper tissues, the tube left inside the tumor is screwed deeper into the tumor, a mandrel is inserted through it, and a biopsy specimen is removed.

If it is necessary to take material from another part of the tumor, the direction of the cylindrical tube is changed without leaving the tumor and its surrounding soft tissues, since each repeated puncture leads not only to additional trauma, but also to a significant risk of hematogenous tumor metastasis.

The device also allows for reliable antiblastic surgery, hemostasis in cases of bleeding from the puncture canal, as well as for intratumorous neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

According to the literature and observations of the authors, tumors (sarcomas) of bones are more often (75.4%) localized in the metaphyses of long tubular bones: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, and then in the pelvic bones (the largest). In other bones, especially small ones, sarcoma is extremely rare. Patients most often consult a doctor when the tumor reaches a significant size: visually and palpation is clearly defined and when its other late manifestations are expressed (signs of neglect). Late visits by patients to a doctor is one of the most common reasons for the neglect of cancer in general and bone tumors in particular.

The use of the proposed device allows you to take material for biopsy from different places and different depths of any bone tumor using one puncture for diagnostic and differential diagnostic purposes.

The device is as reliable and safe as possible and allows physical and chemical antiblastic surgery to prevent hematogenous and implantation metastasis, prevents bleeding by hemostasis.

With the help of the proposed device, it is possible to carry out intratumarous polychemotherapy.

Claims (1)

A device for biopsy of a bone tumor containing a hollow cylindrical tube, a mandrel and a pin, characterized in that the tube in the distal part has an external thread 10 mm long and an incisal edge, in the proximal end - a cap, the mandrel in the distal end has a thread 10 mm long and sharpened end, and in the proximal edge - a cap, 10 mm below which there is a through hole for the pin.

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