RU191803U1 - SUPERCONDUCTING PROTECTIVE RADIO RECEIVER DEVICE WITH AUTOCOMPENSOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: to protect devices of electronic equipment. The essence of the utility model is that the superconducting protective device of radio receivers with auto-compensator consists of a thin film of a high-temperature superconductor in the form of a microstrip transmission line, which is connected to the coaxial cable of the input circuit of the antenna-feeder device in series using coaxial-strip junctions and placed in a thermostat with liquid nitrogen, while the transition from the superconducting to the normal state is accelerated by external magnetization, an external source A magnetic field is an auto-compensator circuit, consisting of an auxiliary antenna independent of the radio receiver, connected in series with a magnetizing coil, capable of operating at alternating currents induced by powerful electromagnetic radiation on an auxiliary antenna with technical characteristics and installation conditions identical to the main antenna of the radio receiver. Effect: providing the possibility of effective protection against powerful electromagnetic radiation. 2 ill.

Description

This utility model relates to the field of limiting powerful electromagnetic interference in electronic equipment (CEA) by protective devices built on the basis of thin-film high-temperature superconductors (HTSC).

One of the features of radio receivers is the high sensitivity of the input circuits to ensure the reception of ultra-low energy radio signals. In the case of exposure to powerful electromagnetic radiation (MEMI), energy will be induced in the input circuits, the level of which exceeds the level of critical energy. Exceeding critical energy will lead to destructive irreversible violations of the sensitive elements of radio receivers. [1-7].

Along with this, there should be noted a tendency to increase densities, frequency spectrum and levels of electromagnetic radiation of natural (lightning discharge) and artificial (powerful radio transmitting means, high-voltage power lines, contact rail network, etc.) origin in which modern CEA functions. [1-2, 5, 7-8].

Currently, to protect REA from the effects of MEMI of various origins, there is a need to use protective devices of input circuits that can reduce the energy levels induced by MEMI to an acceptable value.

The main elements that are used to create modern protective devices (memory) are semiconductor and gas-discharge devices. However, these memory devices are not able to provide reliable protection in case of exposure to ultrashort duration MEMIs, due to the inertia of their operation exceeding the duration of the acting MEMIs. Therefore, it is necessary to use memory devices with shorter response times. [1, 7]

Analysis of existing publications [7-14] shows that protective devices based on high-temperature superconductors can provide the necessary response time and resistance to high energy levels. It should also be noted that the use of high-temperature superconductivity at this stage is technically feasible. [7, 9-11]

A known module of a superconducting current limiter and current limiter (Patent RU 2576243. Published on 02.27.2016. Bull. No. 6), characterized in that the current limiter module based on the second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape is included in the electrical circuit and placed in a container with a cryogenic heat-conducting medium in the form of a spiral. This device has a critical current of about 160 A, which allows it to be used in power electrical circuits, but its use is unacceptable in the input circuits of radio receivers with a high level of sensitivity due to the specifics of their functioning.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is an active sensor-limiter based on a thin high-temperature superconducting film [12], the main protective element of which is made in the form of a microstrip transmission line (MPL) connected to the coaxial cable of the input circuit of the antenna-feeder device in series with using a coaxial-strip transition and is placed in a thermostat with liquid nitrogen, while the acceleration of the beginning of the transition from the superconducting S to the normal N state is initiated by an external m an magnetic field, the source of which is a coil with an independent DC source, while a thin HTSC film is located on the dielectric substrate by a meander.

This device operates in an automated mode, that is, the sensitivity level is varied manually by the operator or by a correction device, under the conditions set by the operator of external magnetization by a coil with an independent DC source. Which is not always able to provide the choice of the optimal level of sensitivity of the protective condition.

Also, this device will lose the ability to vary the external bias current in the event of failure of an independent DC power supply that controls the external magnetization coil, and, as a result, the response time of the memory device can exceed the duration of the acting MEMI, which is unacceptable for protecting the input circuits of radio receivers, since this can lead to destructive irreversible violations of sensitive elements.

The protective properties of the sensor limiter of the prototype are determined:

1) the geometric dimensions of a thin HTSC film, which determine the critical current at which the protective device operates.

Changing the critical current for the memory is possible in two ways:

changing the geometric dimensions of the film, which is impossible during operation;

the external magnetization of a thin HTSC film, the critical current of the film directly depends on the magnitude of the external magnetic field (with an increase in the magnetic field, the critical current in the film decreases), a magnetization coil is used to vary the critical current in the prototype device.

2) the parameters of the current flowing through a thin HTSC film (the current is induced from the antenna and directly depends on the parameters of the MEMI, while the parameters of the MEMI (current) are not known in advance, but they directly affect the response time of the memory).

The performance characteristics of the prototype device directly depend on the DC power source connected to the magnetization coil circuit, as a result of this, this limiter sensor has a number of significant disadvantages:

1. the inability to protect the input circuits of the radio receiver when exposed to ultra-short duration MEMI in the event of failure of an independent bias coil power supply unit;

2. the use of direct current in the magnetization coil does not provide adaptability to the acting MEMI when the memory is triggered;

3. the choice of protection mode is determined only by the operator, an error when choosing a mode can introduce unwanted noise into the main path when receiving a useful signal;

4. automatic adjustment of the memory sensitivity is not possible.

A superconducting protective device for radio receivers with auto-compensation is proposed to eliminate the above-mentioned technical shortcomings during operation, while protecting REA under the conditions of negative impact on it by powerful electromagnetic radiation of natural and artificial origin.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the protective device against current overloads of the input circuits of radio receivers by automatically compensating the external magnetic field of the resistance of a thin film of a high-temperature superconducting element in the operation mode.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed superconducting protective device of radio receivers with auto-compensator, consisting of a thin film of a high-temperature superconductor in the form of a microstrip transmission line, which is connected to the coaxial cable of the input circuit of the antenna-feeder device in series using coaxial-strip transitions and placed in a thermostat with liquid nitrogen, while the transition from the superconducting to the normal state is accelerated by external magnetization, distinguishing I in that the source of the external magnetic field is an automatic compensator circuit consisting of independent radio receiver auxiliary antenna sequentially connected to the bias coil capable of operating at varying currents induced by powerful electromagnetic radiation in the auxiliary antenna with the technical characteristics and installation conditions identical primary antenna radio.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the construction scheme of the ultrafast protective device of the input circuits of the radio receiving devices shown in FIG. 1, on which are indicated: 1 - high-temperature superconducting protective device; 2 - thermostat; 3 - liquid nitrogen; 4 - antenna of the radio receiving device; 5 - coil of external bias; 6 - valve for pouring liquid nitrogen and pressure relief; 7 - hole input and output coaxial cable; 8 - holes for the auto-compensator circuit; 9 - auxiliary antenna.

In FIG. 2 shows the main protective element of the device 1 of FIG. 1, which contains: 10 - a thin high-temperature superconducting film; 11 - substrate; 12 - a metal screen.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype [12], instead of an independent power source with measuring instruments, an auxiliary antenna is introduced, which is connected to a magnetization coil, which is resistant to high energy levels [7]. The bandwidth and sensitivity of the auxiliary antenna should be identical to the main antenna of the receiver.

The response time of the protective device is provided by changing the sensitivity of a thin film of a high-temperature superconductor by exposing it to an external magnetic field induced in the magnetization coil. The magnetic field in the coil is induced by alternating current, which is induced in the auxiliary antenna circuit due to its reaction to the influence of MEMI. The current in the bias coil directly depends on the MEMI parameters. The more intense the degree of MEMI acting on the main antenna, the more intense the degree of influence of the external magnetic field of the magnetization coil, which will determine the annihilation rate of superconducting carriers in a thin HTSC film and the appearance of normally conducting charge carriers that determine the response speed. [7-8, 9-12]

It should be noted that the circuit of the autocompensator (auxiliary antenna and magnetization coil) has a certain reaction inertia, therefore, it is necessary to choose the auxiliary antenna on the basis that the delay time of the auxiliary line should be less than the delay time of the antenna-feeder path of the main antenna of the receiving device.

The automatic adjustment mode of the memory, which determines the speed of its operation, is provided due to the reaction of the auxiliary and main antennas to the acting MEMI. [7-8, 12]

HTSCs are superconductors of the second kind. This means that for them there are two values of the critical current I _c1 and I _c2 .

I _c1 is the current value at which the transition process from the superconducting state to the normally conducting state begins in the superconducting strip (SN phase transition).

I _c2 is the current at which the transition process in the superconducting strip is completed and the film is completely transferred to the normal state N.

The principle of operation of a protective device based on HTSC is associated with the possibility of making a reversible phase SN transition in it if the value of the current flowing through the protective device exceeds the values of the first (I _c1 ) and second (I _c2 ) critical currents characteristic of this device.

Thus, a thin HTSC film that is in the superconducting state is capable of transmitting a current (transport current) without distortion, the value of which is less than I _c1 .

If the transport current reaches the value of I _{c1, the} penetration of the magnetic field of this current into the film increases, which causes an increase in the volume of normal conductivity regions at its edges and initiates the destruction of superconductivity, therefore, the area of superconducting charge carriers in a thin HTSC film decreases. When the current reaches the value of I _{c2, the} transition process is completed and the film completely switches to the normal state N.

It was experimentally established in [7, 12-14] that the duration of the phase SN transition in thin HTSC films under the influence of input signals does not exceed 10 ^-11 -10 ^-12 s, which determines the response speed of the memory built on the basis of a thin HTSC film.

A microstrip transmission line, the main element of which is a thin high-temperature superconducting film 10 of a rectangular ribbon type (thin film) is located on a substrate 11 with a dielectric constant ε _r2, on the reverse side of which there is a metal shield 12. The resistance of an HTSC in a normally conducting phase is determined by the formula:

where ρ is the resistivity of the HTSC, Ohm × m;

- длина тонкой пленки ВТСП, м;

- the length of the thin film of HTSC, m;

S is the cross-sectional area of a thin HTSC film, m ² .

In order to minimize distortion in the line, it is necessary to place a thin HTSC film on the substrate 11 without defects. Technologically, it is currently possible to grow this substrate with an area of 1 × 2 cm ² .

=25 см и шириной W=40⋅10^-6 м компактно размещается на подложке площадью а×b=2 см², что позволяет достичь сопротивления в сотни кОм в нормальной фазе.In order to obtain the maximum possible resistance in the normal phase, a thin HTSC film is placed in the form of a meander, which will increase the length of a thin HTSC film from 2 cm to 25 cm. In this case, the superconductor is

= 25 cm and a width of W = 40⋅10 ^-6 m is compactly placed on a substrate with an area of a × b = 2 cm ² , which allows us to achieve resistance of hundreds of kOhms in the normal phase.

The implementation of the mechanism of fast current destruction of superconductivity, which provides a short duration of the existence of the mixed state, becomes possible if the thickness of the thin HTSC film h does not exceed 0.2⋅10 ^-6 m.

The device 1 (consisting of the elements shown in Fig. 2) is connected to the coaxial cable of the input circuit of the antenna 4 (Fig. 1) in series using a coaxial-stripe junction and placed in thermostat 2 with liquid nitrogen 3, the boiling point of which is 77 K. the thermostat must have technological holes, namely: a valve for pouring liquid nitrogen and bleeding pressure 6, as well as holes for the input and output of cables 7.

To reduce dangerous energy levels, it is necessary to accelerate the transition from the superconducting to the normally conducting state (S-N transition) by placing the HTSC film in an external magnetic field, the source of which is an auto-compensator. The autocompensator consists of an auxiliary antenna 9, which is connected in series to the external bias coil 5. The coil is placed in a thermostat which has technological holes for the auto-compensator circuit 8. The external bias coil 5 will be the source of the external magnetic field induced by alternating current induced by powerful electromagnetic radiation in the auxiliary antenna circuit 9.

Thus, when operating in the normal mode, the useful signal through the antenna of the receiver 4 practically without distortion enters its input circuit R _n . A useful signal will also be supplied to the antenna of the autocompensator 9, however, the level of the magnetic field induced on the external magnetization coil 5 will have a significant effect on the passage of the useful signal in the antenna-feeder path (antenna 4, high-temperature superconducting protective device 1, receiver input circuit R _n ) will not be.

In the case of the arrival of MEMI, a current (transport current) will be induced in the antenna 4 circuit, which will increase. Having reached the value of the first critical current (I _c1 ) in a thin HTSC film 10, the magnetic field of the transport current, penetrating the superconductor, initiates the destruction of superconductivity at the edges of the film, forming normally conducting regions. With a further increase in the transport current, the magnitude of the magnetic field will increase, and the normally conducting regions from the edges of the film will accordingly increase toward its middle. When the transport current reaches the value of the second critical current (I _c2 ) of the HTSC, the film will completely go into a normally conducting state. In parallel with this, the MEMI in the auto-compensator circuit on the antenna 9 will also induce a current whose magnetic field penetrating into the thin film 10 will be pushed to its edges. At the same time, at the edges of the film, the magnetic field of the transport current and the auto-compensator will be summed up, initiating the acceleration of the growth of normally conducting areas in the film, as a result of which the response speed of the device itself increases. At the same time, the switching speed will be the faster, the steeper the slew rate of the acting MEMI.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the superconducting protective device of radio receivers with auto-compensation in the operation mode due to the high resistance value in the lines of the antenna-feeder devices will prevent the passage of large currents and voltages induced by negative powerful electromagnetic radiation. Protection is carried out due to the mismatch of the transmission line with the impedance. This protective device as circuit protection elements not only significantly reduces the effect of high energy MEMI on REA, but also has a significantly shorter response time than semiconductor and gas-discharge devices. In addition, the response time of the protective device will directly depend on the parameters of the external magnetic field induced in the auto-compensator coil by alternating current on the auxiliary antenna induced by powerful electromagnetic radiation.

The current level of development of the element base, on the basis of which this utility model is proposed: high-temperature superconducting elements (the most widespread are YВа ₂ Сu ₃ O ₇ ); the possibility of obtaining a temperature at which the HTSC passes into a superconducting state (the use of liquid nitrogen); the technological possibility of obtaining HTSC in the form of films with micron sizes allows us to state that this utility model is technically feasible. Therefore, the technical application of the considered high-temperature superconducting devices for the implementation of high-speed protection of REA from MEMI is promising.

LITERATURE

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5. Ricketts, L.W., Bridges, J., Miletta, J. Electromagnetic impulse and methods of protection. Per. from English / Ed. ON. Ukhina - M .: Atomizdat, 1979. - 328 p.

6. Aleshin I.N., Andryushchenko M.S. The resistance of weapons systems to the effects of electromagnetic weapons is a requirement of today // Proceedings of the XX All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual Problems of Protection and Security". T. 3. "Armored vehicles and weapons." SPb .: RARAN. 2017.S. 104-108.

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8. Bardeen J., Cooper L.N., Schriffer J.R. Microscopie theory of superconductiveity // Phys. Rev. 1957.

9. Kucher DB, Harlanov A.I., Stepanova M.B. Features of the use of high-temperature superconductors to protect information transmission lines from the influence of powerful electromagnetic radiation // Collection of scientific papers. - Evpatoria, Crimea, 2006. - Volume 3. - P. 32-37

10. Kucher D.B., Zaitsev S.A., Harlanov A.I., Stepanova M.V. The main aspects of increasing the sensitivity of superconducting limiters // Collection of scientific papers. - Kharkov: HUBS. - 2006. - Vol. 6 (55). - S. 88-93.

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Claims (1)

A superconducting protective device for radio receivers with auto-compensation, consisting of a thin film of a high-temperature superconductor in the form of a microstrip transmission line, which is connected to the coaxial cable of the input circuit of the antenna-feeder device in series using coaxial-strip junctions and placed in a thermostat with liquid nitrogen, while the transition from superconducting to a normal state is accelerated by external magnetization, characterized in that the source of the external magnetic field is an autocompensator circuit consists of an auxiliary antenna independent of the radio receiver, connected in series with the magnetization coil, capable of operating at alternating currents induced by powerful electromagnetic radiation on an auxiliary antenna with technical characteristics and installation conditions identical to the main antenna of the radio receiver.

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