RU195350U1 - STAND OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF EQUIPMENT FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS BY THE METHOD OF WINDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to machine-building equipment for the production of composite parts by winding, specific to products with rotating surfaces of the correct cylindrical or spherical shape, and also, to a greater extent, to products having an external surface consisting of mates of several surfaces, enveloped along arcs of various (varying) radius. The problem solved by the utility model is to improve the quality of technological adjustment of equipment for the manufacture of composite products The achieved technical result is ensured by the fact that the technological setup bench for equipment for manufacturing composite products by the winding method, comprising a roving feeder, a machine for rotating the liner, a longitudinal carriage on which the roving feeder is mounted, a transverse carriage on which the machine with the liner is mounted, and the control unit to which the machine drive and the carriage of the machine lateral stroke are connected, it is equipped with a roving annealing chamber with a heater, a roving impregnation bath, a dispenser cm the roving tensioner mounted on the longitudinal carriage, the roving feeder is equipped with a strain gauge, the annealing chamber has an adjustable heater, the bath has a strain gauge, and the tensioner has a strain gauge, and the resin dispenser, machine, roving feeder tensile scales, an adjustable heater, the strainer suspension of the impregnation bath and the tensioner strain gauge are also to the control unit.

Description

The utility model relates to machine-building equipment for the production of composite parts by winding, specific to products with rotating surfaces of regular cylindrical or spherical shape, and also, to a greater extent, to products having an outer surface consisting of mates of several surfaces, enveloped along arcs of different (variable) radius. According to the international patent classifier, the utility model relates to devices for coating or wrapping cores when winding sheets, tapes or filamentary materials.

A particularly useful model relates to equipment for the manufacture of type-oriented parts oriented along the longitudinal axis of symmetry; “Tray” and biaxially symmetrical open-top hemisphere parts. Such parts do not constitute a product with an outer surface of rotation; therefore, they are made by winding onto a liner consisting of two half-shells joined along a generatrix. In addition, the utility model relates to equipment for manufacturing by winding parts having variable curvature along a longitudinal center line: a fragment of an aircraft wing, a rocket tip, a cowl cowling, an element of a drainage channel, etc. The main method of manufacturing parts of the "tray" and "hemisphere" type at present is manual molding by applying fiberglass to the mandrel and impregnating it with binder resins. This method is quite time-consuming, and the quality of the product when it is used substantially depends on the qualifications and conscientiousness of specialists (the “human factor”) involved in preparing the resin, cutting the fabric, applying it to the matrix and compacting the layers of fabric. The method of winding composite products is deprived of this drawback, in which a loop of roving strands or fiberglass tape is wound on a special profiled mandrel. The tension of the linear filler F _n in the manufacture of wound products is one of the most effective technological factors for regulating the mechanical properties of the final product. In this case, the pressing force of the winding reinforcing element F _p to the underlying layers or mandrel (liner) is determined as the resultant of the tensile forces at the point of contact with the surface: F _p = F _n + F _n (the sum of two vectors).

In turn, with a constant value of F _n for products of variable curvature or with cross-radial winding, the pressing force changes due to a change in the angle of incidence of the fiber.

Known winding machines and lines for radially cross-wound winding of composite products such as shells of revolution (balloon, pipe, vessel). Such machines contain a bed with a rotating mandrel (for cylinders it is called a liner), creel with roving spools, an impregnating bath, a shaper of strands (in the form of a train of several rovings) and a lay-out of strands (RU 3417, 1997). Such a solution cannot be applied to liners having a composite profile of two parts that are not surfaces of revolution or that have a varying surface curvature, for example, parts of the “tray” type.

The prior art knows the technical solution of the tooling for the manufacture of parts with a closed loop section using a liner consisting of several longitudinally detachable elements (RU No. 2153983, 2000). Snap-liner is made of a composite of an even number of sector slats with a reciprocating movement mechanism to ensure the continuity of the process. Due to this, the resulting tubular product moves along the axis of rotation of the liner, ensuring the continuity of the process. The required length of the product is provided by the cut. The known design of the detachable liner is complex and bulky, requires the use of drives and additional mechanisms in it. In addition, it provides a product with a constant shape and material cross-section through the thickness of the composite layer forming; on the surface of the liner, and for drainage trays, the use of reinforcing profiles, annular docking flanges, etc. is specific This makes it impossible to use it for the manufacture of parts of drainage systems from composite material by the method of winding, and even more so, it does not provide for the regulation of process parameters.

As a prototype of the utility model, the technical solution of the device for manufacturing shells from composite material according to the author's certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1299931, 1987 was adopted. According to this invention, the winding device is equipped with a sensor for the laying length of the reinforcing material mounted on the head of the stacker, tracking drives for rotating the mandrel, moving carriages in the longitudinal direction relative to the mandrel axis and transverse direction, the program control unit, the angle sensors of rotation of the material and the position sensors of the mandrel carriage along two axes, the program control unit to which are connected the sensors and actuators basic elements. Program control allows you to register the laying parameters of the reinforcing material and, after setting up the process, play it in a serial product. The signs of the known technical solutions for the prototype can improve the accuracy of the calculations of the reinforcing material wound on the mandrel, and ultimately the quality of the product.

However, as indicated above, the quality of the product from a composite material made by winding depends on a number of other factors, in addition to the geometric arrangement of the reinforcing material during installation:

formulations of thermosetting resin and mode of impregnation of reinforcing material (duration and depth of dipping);

the degree of impregnation of the reinforcing layer in the product with a thermosetting resin, determined by the ratio of the mass of the reinforcing material to the mass of the resin per unit volume of the composite layer;

the efforts of pressing the reinforcing layers to the liner and to each other (second reinforcing layer to the first, third to second, etc.).

Known technical solution does not allow to control and adjust these parameters, makes it impossible to set up a process that guarantees stable product quality.

The problem solved by the utility model is to improve the quality of technological adjustment of equipment for the manufacture of composite products by winding.

Achievable technical result is ensured by the fact that the stand for technological adjustment of equipment for manufacturing composite products by winding, containing a roving feeder, a machine for rotating the liner, a longitudinal carriage on which the roving feeder is installed, a lateral carriage on which the machine with a liner is installed, and the control unit to which the machine drive and the carriage of the machine cross-path are connected, it is equipped with a roving annealing chamber with a heater, a roving impregnation bath, a resin dispenser, a tensioner roving mounted on the carriage longitudinal stroke rovingopitatel provided tenzovesami, the annealing chamber has an adjustable heater, bath tenzopodvesku and tensioner tensometer, the resin dispenser machine tenzovesy rovingopitatelya adjustable heater tenzopodveska bath impregnation and tensometer tensioner also connected to the control unit. <

At the same time, the preparation of thermosetting resin, the roving impregnation with resin and the roving winding modes on the mandrel (speed, pressing force, winding angle, coating thickness) are controlled and adjusted automatically.

The structural device of the stand is shown in FIG. 1-2:

in FIG. 1 - side view of the stand;

in FIG. 2 is a top view of the liner assembly (view A, FIG. 1).

The actual implementation of the individual nodes is shown in the photographs shown in FIG. 3-5:

in FIG. 3 - tensing platform of the roving feeder;

in FIG. 4 - impregnation bath with a knot of tension of strands of roving;

in FIG. 5 - unit of preparation and portioned (cyclic) feed of the thermoset mixture into the impregnation bath.

The technological setup bench for equipment for manufacturing composite products by winding contains a roving feeder 1, an annealing chamber 2, an impregnation bath 3, a resin dispenser 4, a roving tensioner 5, a machine 6 of rotation of the liner 7 mounted on the carriage 8 of the transverse stroke. The roving feeder 1 is equipped with a strain gauge 9, the annealing chamber 2 has an adjustable heater 10, the bath 3 is a load suspension 11, and the tensioner 5 is a strain gauge 12.

The dispenser 4, the machine 6, the strain gauge 9, the adjustable heater 10, the strain gauge 11 and the strain gauge 12 are connected to the control unit 13. A longitudinal travel carriage 14 is connected to the same control unit 13 (on which the roving feeder 1, annealing chamber 2, impregnation bath 3 are mounted, dispenser 4 and tensioner 5) and lateral drive 15 of machine 6.

As a roving feeder 1 can be used a feeder of tape winding material, the drive of the machine 6 on the carriage 8 can be hydraulic, electromechanical or some other, corresponding to the adjustment characteristics of the equipment.

The magnitude of the stroke ΔL of the carriage 14 (Fig. 1) in the longitudinal direction should be such that the opening angle of the roving winding path a can vary from 0 ° to 45 ° (for example, ΔL = 2000 mm, as shown in Fig. 1). The stroke Δh of the carriage 8 (Fig. 2) in the transverse direction should be such that it covers the entire surface of the work area of the part along the width of the liner 7, for example, Δh = 1000 mm.

The purpose of using the stand is to ensure the development of the technological regulations for the manufacture of composite parts by winding, for example, when changing the supplier of raw materials, modernizing the design of the product, adjusting the modes of performing certain operations, etc. In this case, the regimes and parameters of the regulations are worked out on the fragment, made in the form of a notch of measured length (for example, 1 m) with a cross section that completely coincides in shape with the cross section of a natural product.

In general, the stand works as follows.

In the initial position, the liner 5 is installed on the machine 6, the roving bobbins in the roving feeder 1, the impregnation bath 3 is filled with resin to a predetermined level and the resin mass is fixed in the bath M _{cm (0} ), g, resin dispenser 4 is connected to the component supply lines (not shown) . At the same time, their ratio is fixed and adjusted, for example, for a two-component resin, the mass of component 1 to the mass of component 2 m ₁ / m ₂ . The roving strands are fed into the channels of the annealing chamber 2, then into the impregnation bath 3 and the tensioner 5, and then fixed to the liner 7. The operator sets the heating temperature in the annealing chamber 2 by switching on the adjustable heater 10 to the temperature _Tco , the mode of filling the bath with resin ( the size of the resin portions ΔM _cm and the frequency of their supply Δt _cm ), the rotation speed of the liner 5 in the machine 6 ω _l and the speed of movement of the carriage 8 of the transverse path by V _to set the reciprocating motion mode due to the transverse drive 15.

The operator through the control unit 13 also sets the tension force of the roving strands through the tensioner 5.

After starting the stand by the “START” command, the machine 6 starts to rotate the liner 7 with a given angular velocity ω _l , 1 / s, and the transverse drive 15 starts moving the carriage of the transverse stroke 8 with a speed of V _k , m / s. The combination of the values of these speeds determines the angle of laying of the strand of roving on the liner α, deg, the frequency of laying of the strand of roving and the overlap of the strands of each subsequent turn. Since the limiting angle of the openings of the strands is α _max = 45 deg, in the central part of the liner 5 it is possible to form a fiberglass texture with the perpendicular direction of the cross warp threads.

The roving strands from roving feeder 1 are unwound from the bobbins and the mass of roving feeder 1 begins to decrease, which is fixed by tens weights 9 in control unit 13 in the form of a roving mass flow rate gradient Δm _p , g / s. Next, the roving strands fall into annealing chamber 2, where they are subjected to heat treatment - removal of the sizing agent - at a given temperature _Tco , ° C, which is also fixed by the control unit 13.

When roving enters the impregnation bath, 3 strands are immersed below the surface of the resin mirror in the bath to the level Δh _in , m. The roving threads are enveloped with a thermosetting resin, which is removed from the impregnation bath 3. After some time, the resin level in the bath decreases to an acceptable value of M _{cm (min)} , which is recorded by the strain gauge 11 and compared in the control unit 13 with the required M _{cm (0} ). At the same time, the dispenser 4 feeds a portion of the resin ΔM _{cm (d)} into the bath, after which the mass of resin in the bath again becomes equal to the specified initial one, i.e.: M _{cm (0} ) = M _{cm (min)} + ΔM _{cm (d)} . Thus, the roving impregnation mode is maintained constant over the depth of the dipping strands and the duration of their stay in the impregnation bath 3.

By the amount of resin topping dose ΔM _{cm (d)} (in fact, the mass of the removed resin from the bath) and the time to reach this moment in the control unit 13 Δt _{cm (d), the} resin consumption per unit time Δm _cm , g / s is calculated.

The ratio of the consumption of roving and resin Δm _cm / Δm _p determines the quality of the impregnation and the correspondence of the impregnation mode to the given technological schedule. I

Next, roving impregnated with resin rods are fed to the liner 7 due to its rotation by the machine 6, and the tensioner 5 through the strain gauge 12 transmits a signal to the control unit 13, which captures the magnitude of the tension force F _n , compares it with the set (normative) and gives an acceleration command or slowing down the winding process, thereby changing the force of pressing the strand to the lane 7.

After winding, the machine 6 is stopped, the liner 7 is removed from the supports and the resulting part is taken out. Next, samples are cut from the part for standard tests.

At each winding, the following parameters are fixed and adjusted:

Depending on the purpose of the adjustment tests, the following winding is carried out, changing one of the influence parameters: the ratio of roving mass and resin in the product Δm _cm / Δm _p , the number of winding layers N _SL , the tension force F _n or other parameters affecting the strength characteristics of the product.

Claims (1)

A technological setup bench for equipment for manufacturing composite products by winding, comprising a roving feeder, a machine for rotating the liner, a longitudinal carriage on which the roving feeder is mounted, a transverse carriage on which the machine with the liner is mounted, and a control unit to which the machine drive and carriage are connected cross-section of the machine, characterized in that it is equipped with a roving annealing chamber with a heater, a roving impregnation bath, a resin dispenser, a roving tensioner mounted on a carriage e of the longitudinal stroke, the roving feeder is equipped with strain gauges, the annealing chamber has an adjustable heater, the bath has a strain gage, and the tensioner has a strain gauge, and the resin dispenser, a machine, the roving feeder weights, an adjustable heater, the impregnation bath strain gage and the tensioner strain gage are also connected to the control unit.

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