RU110513U1 - PROGRAMMER OF AVR-MICROCONTROLLERS WITH A UNIVERSAL PROTECTION CONTROLLER - Google Patents

Abstract

 Programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller, containing an LPT port, a 47NC244 chip with a pull-up resistor, a signal device with two LEDs and two limiting resistors, a crystal oscillator with two crystal oscillators with a resonator switch and two capacitors, a voltage regulator with a bipolar transistor, silicon Zener diode, ballast and two filter capacitors, DIP-8, DIP-14 panels and two DIP-20 panels for programming AVt microcontrollers of the ATtiny family, DI panel P-28 and two DIP-40 panels for programming AVR microcontrollers of the ATmega family, characterized in that the device has a universal protection controller containing the ATtiny15L AVR microcontroller, a switch for choosing the programming of ATtiny or ATmega microcontrollers, a high-precision measuring resistor, a signal device on LED and a limiting resistor, the power supply of a universal protection controller on a silicon zener diode, a ballast resistor and a filter capacitor.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of microcontroller circuitry, namely to universal devices for operational non-circuit programming of modern 8-bit AVR microcontrollers of the ATmega and ATtiny families, which have the best ratio: functionality / cost / speed / power consumption.

Known analogue - Patent for utility model No. 89915 of the Russian Federation. Bull. No. 35 for 2009. “Programmer of AVR-microcontrollers of the ATmega and ATtiny families” // Akinshin ON, Akinshin NS, Ankudinov K.A., Ankudinov A.I. etc. The analogue circuit is presented in Appendix No. 1 to this description. Table 1 and Table 2 show the pinout (pinout) of the AVR microcontrollers of the ATtiny and ATmega families.

Table 1 No. Attiny Dip VCC (+) GND (-) MOSI Miso SCK RESET XTAL1 XTAL2 one. 85V 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 2. 85 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 3. 45V 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 four. 45 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 5. 25V 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 6. 25 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 7. 15L 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 8. 12L 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 9. 12V 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 10. 12 8 8 four 5 6 7 one 2 3 eleven. 84V fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 12. 84 fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 13. 44V fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 fourteen. 44 fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 fifteen. 24V fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 16. 24 fourteen one fourteen 7 8 9 four 2 3 17. 26L twenty 5 6.16 one 2 3 10 7 8 eighteen. 26 twenty 5 6.16 one 2 3 10 7 8 19. 2313 twenty twenty 10 17 eighteen 19 one 5 four twenty. 2313V twenty twenty 10 17 eighteen 19 one 5 four

The analogue includes (see Appendix No. 1): LPT port; 47NS244 chip, including two four-channel controlled buffers and a pull-up resistor; signaling device with two LEDs and two

table 2 No. p / p Atmega Dip VCC (+) GND (-) MOSI Miso SCK RESET XTAL1 XTAL2 one 8 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 2 8L 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 3 48 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 four 48V 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 5 88 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 6 88V 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 7 168 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 8 168V 28 7 8.22 17 eighteen 19 one 9 10 9 16 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 10 16L 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 eleven 32 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 12 32L 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 13 164 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 fourteen 164V 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 fifteen 324 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 16 324V 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 17 644 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 eighteen 644V 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 19 8535 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 twenty 8535L 40 10 11.31 6 7 8 9 13 12 21 162 40 40 twenty 6 7 8 9 19 eighteen 22 162V 40 40 twenty 6 7 8 9 19 eighteen 23 8515 40 40 twenty 6 7 8 9 19 eighteen 24 8515L 40 40 twenty 6 7 8 9 19 eighteen

limiting resistors; crystal oscillator on two quartz resonators (4.0 and 8.0 MHz), a resonator switch and two capacitors; compensation voltage stabilizer on a bipolar transistor, a silicon zener diode, a ballast resistor and two filter capacitors; DIP-8 panel for programming microcontrollers ATtiny85V, ATtiny85, ATtiny45V, ATtiny45, ATtiny25V, ATtiny25, ATtiny15L, ATtiny12L, ATtiny12V and ATtiny12; DIP-14 panel for programming microcontrollers ATtiny84V, ATtiny84, ATtiny44V, ATtiny44, ATtiny24V and ATtiny24; the first DIP-20 panel (1) for programming the ATtiny26L and ATtiny26 microcontrollers; the second panel DIP-20 (2) for programming the microcontrollers ATtiny2313V and ATtiny2313; DIP-28 panel for programming microcontrollers ATmega8, ATmega8L, ATmega48, ATmega48V, ATmega88, ATmega88V, ATmega168, ATmega168V, the first panel DIP-40 (1) for programming microcontrollers ATmega16, ATmega164, ATmega32324, ATmega32324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega164 ATmega644, ATmega644V, ATmega8535 and ATmega8535L, the second DIP-40 panel (2) for programming the microcontrollers ATmega162, ATmega162V, ATmega8515 and ATmega8515L.

The operating experience of the analogue and the analysis of tables 1 and 2 revealed two significant disadvantages of the analogue:

1. DIP panels for installing programmable AVR microcontrollers do not ensure error-free installation of the microcontroller in accordance with its pinout (pinout), and when the position of the microcontroller is changed by 180 °, in some cases the polarity of the VCC and GND terminals changes, which in turn leads to 70 -80% of cases of failure of programmable AVR microcontrollers. Such an error even with small batches of serial production (programming microcontrollers) has a sufficient probability, and it cannot be ignored.

2. In addition, a situation is possible when the VCC terminal of the AVR microcontroller does not have galvanic contact with the terminal of the VCC DIP-panel of the programmer, or vice versa - when the GND terminal of the AVR microcontroller does not have galvanic contact with the terminal of the GND DIP-panel of the programmer. In such a situation, a programmable AVR microcontroller, even with small batch production, in a sufficient number of cases fails during the programming process.

A known prototype is a Patent for utility model No. 99677 of the Russian Federation. Bull. No. 32 for 2010. “Programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a protection controller” // Agafonov Yu.M., Akinshin N.S., Ankudinov K.A., Ankudinov A.I. etc. The prototype scheme is presented in Appendix No. 2 to this description.

The prototype includes (see Appendix No. 2): LPT port; 47NS244 chip, including two four-channel controlled buffers and a pull-up resistor; signal device with two LEDs and two limiting resistors; crystal oscillator on two quartz resonators (4.0 and 8.0 MHz), a resonator switch and two capacitors; compensation voltage stabilizer on a bipolar transistor, a silicon zener diode, a ballast resistor and two filter capacitors; DIP-8 panel for programming microcontrollers ATtiny85V, ATtmy85, ATtiny45V, ATtiny45, ATtiny25V, ATtiny25, ATtiny15L, ATtiny12L, ATtiny12V and ATtiny12; DIP-14 panel for programming microcontrollers ATtiny84V, ATtiny84, ATtiny44V, ATtiny44, ATtiny24V and ATtiny24; the first DIP-20 panel (1) for programming the ATtiny26L and ATtiny26 microcontrollers; the second panel DIP-20 (2) for programming the microcontrollers ATtiny2313V and ATtiny2313; DIP-28 panel for programming microcontrollers ATmega8, ATmega8L, ATmega48, ATmega48V, ATmega88, ATmega88V, ATmega168, ATmega168V, the first panel DIP-40 (1) for programming microcontrollers ATmega16, ATmega164, ATmega32324, ATmega32324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega16324, ATmega164 ATmega644, ATmega644V, ATmega8535 and ATmega8535L, the second DIP-40 panel (2) for programming the microcontrollers ATmega162, ATmega162V, ATmega8515 and ATmega8515L; a protection controller containing a low-power thyristor of the KU101G brand, a thyristor control circuit resistor, a tuned measuring resistor and a normally open reset button.

The prototype partially eliminated both disadvantages of the analogue, but the experience of operating the prototype and analysis of tables 1 and 2 revealed the following significant disadvantages of the prototype:

1. Since the AVR-microcontrollers of the ATtiny and ATmega families have different maximum permissible currents (100 mA and 200 mA, respectively), the single protection current rating of 200 mA installed in the prototype provides reliable protection for the ATmega family of microcontrollers and does not provide reliable protection of microcontrollers of the ATtiny family.

2. The use in the protection controller as an actuator of a low-power thyristor of the KU101G brand, due to the instability of the parameters of the latter (the thyristor opening voltage depending on the batch and the ambient temperature can vary from minus 50% to plus 100% of the nominal value), requires individual controller settings protection of each programmer in the manufactured series of programmers, which led to low manufacturability.

3. The disadvantages listed in paragraphs 1 and 2 indicate a low universality of functions (insufficient functional completeness) and the manufacturability of the production of protection controllers for programmers of AVR-microcontrollers even with their small mass production.

A useful model solves the problem of increasing the functional completeness and manufacturability of serial production of programmers of AVR-microcontrollers of the ATtiny and ATmega families with a universal protection controller.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller, containing an LPT port, a 47NC244 chip with a pull-up resistor, a signal device with two LEDs and two limiting resistors, a crystal oscillator with two quartz resonators with a resonator switch and two capacitors, voltage stabilizer on a bipolar transistor, silicon zener diode, ballast and two filter capacitors, DIP-8, DIP-14 panels and two DIP-20 panels for programming AV ATtiny R-family microcontrollers, DIP-28 panel and two DIP-40 panels for programming ATmega family AVR microcontrollers introduced a universal protection controller containing an ATtiny 15L AVR microcontroller, a switch for choosing ATtiny or ATmega microcontroller programming, a high-precision measuring resistor, signal device on the LED and the limiting resistor, the power supply of a universal protection controller on a silicon zener diode, a ballast resistor and a filter capacitor.

By introducing into the proposed utility model a universal protection controller consisting of an ATtiny 15L AVR microcontroller, a switch for programming programming of ATtiny or ATmega microcontrollers, a high-precision measuring resistor of 0.22 Ohm ± 0.1%, a signaling device on the AL336 V LED and a limiting 3.0 kOhm resistor, power supply of a universal protection controller on a KS447A silicon zener diode, 300 Ohm ballast and 500 kF filter capacitor, provides universal working their functions and the manufacturability of serial production of programmable AVR microcontrollers of the ATtiny and ATmega families while maintaining the operability of programmable AVR microcontrollers in all possible non-standard situations: when the AVR microcontrollers are installed incorrectly in the DIP panel of the programmer, with a turn of 180 ° from the normal position, in the absence contact between the same legs of the microcontroller and the DIP panel and in the situations mentioned above. FIG. shows a schematic electrical diagram of a useful model device - “Programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller”.

The programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller (see Fig.) Includes: LPT port (DB 25M) 1, which connects to a computer and has pins 4 - (DATA2), 5 - (DATA3), 6 - (DATA4 ), 7 - (DATA5), 8 - (DATA6), 9 - (DATA7), 10 - (ASK), 2 and 12, 3 and 11 are bridged to identify the programmer with the computer's control program; microcircuit 2 of mark 74НС244 - two four-channel controlled buffers; the first signal device on the resistor 3 and the LED 4 and the second signal device on the resistor 5 and the LED 6, designed to visually control the recording and reading of the information of the microcontroller, respectively; elements of a quartz oscillator consisting of two capacitors 7 and 8, a switch 9 and two quartz resonators 10 (4 MHz) and 11 (8 MHz); 5 V compensation voltage stabilizer, consisting of a ballast resistor 12, a silicon zener diode 13, a control transistor 14, low-frequency and high-frequency filter capacitors 15 and 16, respectively; a pull-up resistor 17, providing a mode of recording information in the microcontroller; DIP-8 18 panel for installing and programming 8-pin AVt microcontrollers ATtiny85V, ATtiny85, ATtiny45V, ATtiny45, ATtiny25V, ATtiny25, ATtiny15L, ATtiny12L, ATtinyl2V and ATtinyl2; DIP-14 19 panel for installation and programming of 14-pin AVt microcontrollers ATtiny84V, ATtiny84, ATtiny44V, ATtiny44, ATtiny24V, ATtiny24; the first DIP-20 (1) 20 panel for installing and programming the 20-pin ATtiny26L, ATtiny26 AVR microcontrollers; the second DIP-20 (2) 21 panel for installing and programming the 20-pin ATtiny2313V, ATtiny2313 AVR microcontrollers; DIP-28 22 panel for installation and programming of 28-pin ATmega8, ATmega8L, ATmega48, ATmega48V, ATmega88, ATmega88V, ATmega168, ATmega168V AVR microcontrollers; the first DIP-40 (1) 23 panel for installing and programming 40-pin ATmega16, ATmega16L, ATmega324, ATmega164V, ATmega324, ATmega324V, ATmega644, ATmega644V, ATmega8535, ATmega8535, AVme microcontrollers; a second DIP-40 (2) 21 panel for installing and programming the 40-pin ATmega162, ATmega162V, ATmega8515 and ATmega8515L AVR microcontrollers; DIP panels 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 with the same signals (MOSI, SCK, XTAL1, XTAL2, RESET, MISO, VCC and GND) are electrically connected, for example, electrically connected via a MOSI signal: pin 5 panel 18, terminal 7 of panel 19, terminal 1 of panel 20, terminal 17 of panel 21, terminal 17 of panel 22, terminal 6 of panel 23 and terminal 6 of panel 24, and the like; AVt microcontroller ATtiny15L 25; a key 26 for selecting programming of ATtiny microcontrollers or ATmega microcontrollers; high precision measuring resistor 27; a third signaling device on the LED 28 and the limiting resistor 29; the power supply of the universal protection controller on a silicon zener diode 30, ballast resistor 31 and filter capacitor 32 (the introduced elements 25-32 are a universal controller for programmer protection).

A utility model - “Programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller” (see. Fig.) Can operate in two modes: standard - programming mode and emergency - (non-standard) mode.

In programming mode (see Fig.), The microcontroller to be programmed is inserted into the corresponding panel of the programmer 18-24; The LPT port 1 of the programmer is connected to the LPT port of a personal computer. For modern computers, multi-core or with a processor clock frequency of more than 2.0 GHz, the programmer switch 9 is set to the right according to the scheme, position, and otherwise - no more (4 MHz). One of the well-known programs controlling the programmer is installed on the computer (for example, the IC-Prog control program from the site http://www.ic-prog.com or the PonyProg control program from the site http://www.lancos.com) . Next, the HEX file of the AVR microcontroller operation algorithm obtained by any of the known methods is entered into the control program. Next, the control program sends signals to the LPT port 1 of the programmer and the last one, during programming, turns on and off the upper and lower buffers of the chip 2, which organizes the exchange of information of the control program with a programmable AVR microcontroller:

- under the influence of the SCK clock signal, the MOSI input data, which includes HEX files of the FLASH program memory and the EEPROM data memory for the programmable microcontroller, is written to the microcontroller;

- under the influence of the SCK clock signal, the output data of the MISO microcontroller, and they include HEX files of the FLASH program memory and the EEPROM data memory of the programmed microcontroller, are output for monitoring and written to the computer's control program;

- the RESET command puts the microcontroller into programming mode, then into the monitoring mode of the programming results, and if the outcome is favorable, it resets the circuit - the microcontroller is programmed.

In the emergency (non-standard) mode of operation of the programmer (see Fig.), A universal protection controller, implemented on elements 25-32, is included in the operation. First of all, we will dwell on the main parameters and settings of the ATtiny15L 25 microcontroller: power supply voltage 2.7-5.5 V; Program FLASH-memory - 1 Kbyte; EEPROM data memory - 64 bytes; general purpose registers and input-output registers - 32 and 64 bytes, respectively; three internal timers; four-channel 10-bit ADC of sequential approximation with 20-fold (26 dB) internal pre-amplification of the signal at the input AIN0 (see Fig.); ADC is set to continuous conversion; internal RC-generator with a natural frequency of 1.6 MHz, which is divided by a timer up to 200 kHz - the selected ADC conversion frequency; in the ADC, the source of the built-in reference voltage of 2.56 V is selected; in accordance with the operation algorithm of the ATtiny15L 25 microcontroller, two numbers 440 and 880 are written in its EEPROM data memory, which are proportional to the permissible current values of 100 mA and 200 mA for programmable microcontrollers of the ATtiny and ATmega families, respectively.

1. The essence of the generalized emergency operation algorithm for the programmer of the ATtiny family of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller is reduced to the following operations (see. Fig.):

- key 26 is on - microcontroller 25 is ready to control the operation of the programmer of the AVt microcontrollers of the ATtiny family;

- the current through the terminals VCC and GND, inserted incorrectly into the programmer of the microcontroller of the ATtiny family, reaches an emergency value of more than 10 mA;

- the voltage drop across the high-precision measuring resistor 27 becomes more than 0.22 Ohm × 100 mA = 22 mV, which is positively applied to the input AIN0 of the ADC of the microcontroller ATtiny15L 25;

- taking into account the 20-fold internal signal amplification, the measured voltage at the ADC output becomes more than 440 mV, and the number equal to 440 mV is recorded in the EEPROM memory of the microcontroller 25, therefore, the measured ADC number is greater than the value recorded in the EEPROM memory of the microcontroller 25 - the programmable microcontroller overloaded ATtiny families;

- on the line of the PB4 port of the microcontroller 25, a zero potential appears, which shunts the silicon zener diode 13 and the voltage between the terminals of the VCC and GND of the DIP panels 18-24 becomes close to zero, that is, protection against failure of the programmable AVR microcontroller of the ATtiny family is implemented;

- the potential of the line of the port PB3 of the microcontroller 25 becomes high and the LED 28 indicates an overload.

2. The essence of the generalized emergency operation algorithm of the programmer of the ATmega family of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller is similar to item 1 and boils down to the following operations (see Fig.):

- key 26 is disabled - microcontroller 25 is ready to control the operation of the programmer of the AVR-microcontrollers of the ATmega family;

- the current through the terminals VCC and GND, inserted incorrectly into the programmer of the microcontroller of the ATmega family, reaches an emergency value of more than 200 mA;

- the voltage drop across the high-precision measuring resistor 27 becomes more than 0.22 Ohm × 200 mA = 44 mV, which is positively applied to the input AIN0 of the ADC of the microcontroller ATtiny 15L 25;

- taking into account the 20-fold internal signal amplification, the measured voltage at the ADC output becomes more than 880 mV, and the number equal to 880 is recorded in the EEPROM memory of the microcontroller 25, therefore, the measured ADC is more than the value recorded in the EEPROM memory of the microcontroller 25 - the programmable microcontroller of the family overloaded ATmega;

- on the line of the PB4 port of the microcontroller 25, a zero potential appears, which shunts the silicon zener diode 13 and the voltage between the terminals of the VCC and GND of the DIP panels 18-24 becomes close to zero, that is, protection against failure of the programmed AVR microcontroller of the ATmega family is implemented;

- the potential of the line of the port PB3 of the microcontroller 25 becomes high and the LED 28 indicates an overload.

Next, it is necessary to remove the installed microcontroller from the DIP panel of the programmer 18-24, correctly and reliably install it in the DIP panel and program it.

Thus, an introduction to a utility model of a universal protection controller (see Fig.), Consisting of: ATtiny15L 25 AVR microcontroller; a key 26 for selecting programming of the ATtiny or ATmega microcontrollers; high precision measuring resistor 27; a signal device on the LED 28 and the limiting resistor 29; the power supply of the universal protection controller on a silicon zener diode 30, a ballast resistor 31 and a filter capacitor 32 provided:

1. Improving the functional completeness (versatility) of the “AVR microcontroller programmer with a universal protection controller”, which consists in eliminating the possibility of failure of programmable AVR microcontrollers of both the ATmega family and ATtiny family if they are installed incorrectly in the programmer's DIP panel.

2. Improving the manufacturability of serial production of “Programmers of AVR-microcontrollers with a universal protection controller”, by eliminating the need for individual configuration of each sample universal controller protection programmer.

Claims (1)

Programmer of AVR microcontrollers with a universal protection controller, containing an LPT port, a 47NC244 chip with a pull-up resistor, a signal device with two LEDs and two limiting resistors, a crystal oscillator with two crystal oscillators with a resonator switch and two capacitors, a voltage regulator with a bipolar transistor, silicon Zener diode, ballast resistor and two filter capacitors, DIP-8, DIP-14 panels and two DIP-20 panels for programming AVt microcontrollers of the ATtiny family, DI panel P-28 and two DIP-40 panels for programming AVR microcontrollers of the ATmega family, characterized in that the device has a universal protection controller containing the ATtiny15L AVR microcontroller, a switch for choosing the programming of ATtiny or ATmega microcontrollers, a high-precision measuring resistor, a signal device on LED and a limiting resistor, the power supply of a universal protection controller on a silicon zener diode, a ballast resistor and a filter capacitor.