Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

PL361854A1 - Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same - Google Patents

Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same

Info

Publication number
PL361854A1
PL361854A1 PL01361854A PL36185401A PL361854A1 PL 361854 A1 PL361854 A1 PL 361854A1 PL 01361854 A PL01361854 A PL 01361854A PL 36185401 A PL36185401 A PL 36185401A PL 361854 A1 PL361854 A1 PL 361854A1
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
thermally bonded
high percentage
making same
bond
areas
Prior art date
Application number
PL01361854A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Inventor
Rexford A. Maugans
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22965435&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=PL361854(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Dow Global Technologies, Inc.
Publication of PL361854A1 publication Critical patent/PL361854A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/544Olefin series
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291Olefin series
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

A method for producing a nonwoven fabric comprises passing a fiber web through a pair of rollers to obtain a thermally bonded fabric with a high percentage of bond areas. The high percentage of bond areas is formed by an engraved pattern on at least one of the rollers. The engraved pattern has a high percentage of bond point areas and wide bond point angles. The nonwoven fabric has increased tensile strength, elongation, abrasion resistance, flexural rigidity, and/or softness.
PL01361854A 2000-12-11 2001-12-11 Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same PL361854A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25474700P 2000-12-11 2000-12-11
PCT/US2001/047723 WO2002048440A2 (en) 2000-12-11 2001-12-11 Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL361854A1 true PL361854A1 (en) 2004-10-04

Family

ID=22965435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL01361854A PL361854A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2001-12-11 Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US20020144384A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1354091B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004515664A (en)
KR (1) KR20030060114A (en)
CN (1) CN100441766C (en)
AT (1) ATE316591T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002228966A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0116061A (en)
DE (1) DE60116897T2 (en)
HU (1) HUP0400649A2 (en)
PL (1) PL361854A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI244520B (en)
WO (1) WO2002048440A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1632207B1 (en) 2001-07-26 2012-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent articles with elastic topsheets
EP1417945B1 (en) 2002-11-08 2008-12-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent articles with masking topsheet
AU2003291518A1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-06-03 The Procter And Gamble Company Nonwoven wipe with resilient wet thickness
DE60333368D1 (en) 2003-10-02 2010-08-26 Procter & Gamble Absorbent article with elastomeric material
DE10360845A1 (en) * 2003-12-20 2005-07-21 Corovin Gmbh Soft fleece based on polyethylene
CN1977076B (en) 2004-04-30 2010-07-14 陶氏环球技术公司 Improved fibers for polyethylene nonwoven fabric
US7858544B2 (en) 2004-09-10 2010-12-28 First Quality Nonwovens, Inc. Hydroengorged spunmelt nonwovens
US20060128247A1 (en) 2004-12-14 2006-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Embossed nonwoven fabric
US9758925B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2017-09-12 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Molded object having nonwoven fibrous structure
EP1961849A1 (en) 2007-02-22 2008-08-27 ALBIS Spa Pre-consolidated spunbonded web, composite nonwowen comprising said pre-consolidated spunbonded web, method and continuous system for producing said composite
US7914723B2 (en) * 2007-04-24 2011-03-29 Ahlstrom Corporation Nonwoven bonding patterns producing fabrics with improved abrasion resistance and softness
US20090260707A1 (en) * 2008-04-22 2009-10-22 Arun Pal Aneja Woven Textile Fabric with Cotton/Microdenier Filament Bundle Blend
DE102009006099A1 (en) 2009-01-26 2010-09-30 Fiberweb Corovin Gmbh Non-woven calandering unit useful during producing embossing bonds in melt-spun loose non-woven fabric that is made of thermoplastic material and contains predominant fiber portions, comprises first heated- and second heated smooth roller
US20100215923A1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-08-26 Tredegar Film Products Corporation Elastic film laminates with tapered point bonds
CN103108616B (en) 2010-08-20 2016-01-20 宝洁公司 There is the absorbent article of the flexibility signal of improvement and assembly thereof and manufacture method
US10639212B2 (en) 2010-08-20 2020-05-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article and components thereof having improved softness signals, and methods for manufacturing
US9408761B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2016-08-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Article with nonwoven web component formed with loft-enhancing calendar bond shapes and patterns
US9096961B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2015-08-04 Providencia Usa, Inc. Nonwoven wipe with bonding pattern
USD714560S1 (en) 2012-09-17 2014-10-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Sheet material for an absorbent article
US10463222B2 (en) * 2013-11-27 2019-11-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven tack cloth for wipe applications
US10828209B2 (en) 2015-12-16 2020-11-10 Avintiv Specialty Materials Inc. Soft nonwoven fabric and method of manufacturing thereof
KR20220112792A (en) * 2019-12-23 2022-08-11 도레이 카부시키가이샤 Separator and its manufacturing method

Family Cites Families (69)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
NL297313A (en) * 1962-08-30 1900-01-01
US3502528A (en) * 1966-04-22 1970-03-24 Toyo Boseki Method for preparing polypropylene films
US3341394A (en) * 1966-12-21 1967-09-12 Du Pont Sheets of randomly distributed continuous filaments
GB1437601A (en) * 1967-11-10 1976-06-03 Ici Ltd Non-woven fabrics and a process for making them
US3485706A (en) * 1968-01-18 1969-12-23 Du Pont Textile-like patterned nonwoven fabrics and their production
US3978185A (en) * 1968-12-23 1976-08-31 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Melt blowing process
CA948388A (en) * 1970-02-27 1974-06-04 Paul B. Hansen Pattern bonded continuous filament web
US3825379A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-07-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Melt-blowing die using capillary tubes
US4208366A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-06-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing a nonwoven web
US4334340A (en) * 1980-01-25 1982-06-15 Crown Zellerbach Corporation System and method for dispersing filaments
US4405297A (en) * 1980-05-05 1983-09-20 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Apparatus for forming nonwoven webs
US4315965A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-02-16 Scott Paper Company Method of making nonwoven fabric and product made thereby having both stick bonds and molten bonds
IT1152491B (en) * 1982-08-09 1986-12-31 Merak Spa POLYOLEFINIC FIBERS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL SEALABILITY AND PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN THEM
US4631933A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-12-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Stitch-bonded thermal insulating fabrics
US4798081A (en) * 1985-11-27 1989-01-17 The Dow Chemical Company High temperature continuous viscometry coupled with analytic temperature rising elution fractionation for evaluating crystalline and semi-crystalline polymers
US4644045A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-02-17 Crown Zellerbach Corporation Method of making spunbonded webs from linear low density polyethylene
US5068141A (en) * 1986-05-31 1991-11-26 Unitika Ltd. Polyolefin-type nonwoven fabric and method of producing the same
US5133917A (en) * 1986-09-19 1992-07-28 The Dow Chemical Company Biconstituent polypropylene/polyethylene fibers
JPS63135549A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-07 チッソ株式会社 Production of nonwoven fabric
FI87368C (en) * 1987-01-17 1992-12-28 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co THAT THAT THERMAL SKINS ARE OVERVIEW TYG
GB2203764B (en) * 1987-04-25 1991-02-13 Reifenhaeuser Masch Production of spun fleece from continuous synthetic filaments
US5008204A (en) * 1988-02-02 1991-04-16 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer
US4939016A (en) * 1988-03-18 1990-07-03 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Hydraulically entangled nonwoven elastomeric web and method of forming the same
US5185199A (en) * 1988-11-02 1993-02-09 The Dow Chemical Company Maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin fibers
US4863785A (en) * 1988-11-18 1989-09-05 The James River Corporation Nonwoven continuously-bonded trilaminate
CA2026326A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-05 James Arthur Davis Disposable diaper having a humidity transfer region, breathable zone panel and separation layer
US5272236A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-12-21 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers
US5089321A (en) * 1991-01-10 1992-02-18 The Dow Chemical Company Multilayer polyolefinic film structures having improved heat seal characteristics
US6448355B1 (en) * 1991-10-15 2002-09-10 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic fibers, fabrics and articles fabricated therefrom
US5278272A (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-01-11 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantialy linear olefin polymers
US6194532B1 (en) * 1991-10-15 2001-02-27 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic fibers
US6316549B1 (en) * 1991-10-15 2001-11-13 The Dow Chemical Company Ethylene polymer fiber made from ethylene polymer blends
EP0552013B1 (en) * 1992-01-13 1999-04-07 Hercules Incorporated Thermally bondable fiber for high strength non-woven fabrics
US5366786A (en) * 1992-05-15 1994-11-22 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Garment of durable nonwoven fabric
US5322728A (en) * 1992-11-24 1994-06-21 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Fibers of polyolefin polymers
US5494736A (en) * 1993-01-29 1996-02-27 Fiberweb North America, Inc. High elongation thermally bonded carded nonwoven fabrics
US5599420A (en) * 1993-04-06 1997-02-04 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Patterned embossed nonwoven fabric, cloth-like liquid barrier material and method for making same
US5472775A (en) * 1993-08-17 1995-12-05 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic materials and articles therefrom
US6093665A (en) * 1993-09-30 2000-07-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Pattern bonded nonwoven fabrics
US5424115A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-06-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Point bonded nonwoven fabrics
US5851935A (en) * 1996-08-29 1998-12-22 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Cross-directionally stretchable elastomeric fabric laminated by thermal spot bonding
US6207602B1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2001-03-27 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Nonwoven fabrics and fabric laminates from multiconstituent polyolefin fibers
DE69519683T2 (en) * 1994-11-28 2001-08-02 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. High density polyethylene fibers and fabrics and manufacturing process
US6309736B1 (en) * 1994-12-20 2001-10-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
EP0823878B1 (en) * 1995-05-02 2000-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven-film laminates
US5603888A (en) * 1995-07-13 1997-02-18 Dow Corning Corporation Method of making fibers
ZA965786B (en) * 1995-07-19 1997-01-27 Kimberly Clark Co Nonwoven barrier and method of making the same
US5672415A (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-09-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low density microfiber nonwoven fabric
US6103647A (en) * 1996-03-14 2000-08-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven fabric laminate with good conformability
US5912194A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-06-15 Kimberly Clark Corp. Permeable liquid flow control material
US6028016A (en) * 1996-09-04 2000-02-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven Fabric Substrates Having a Durable Treatment
US6200669B1 (en) * 1996-11-26 2001-03-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Entangled nonwoven fabrics and methods for forming the same
US6235664B1 (en) * 1997-03-04 2001-05-22 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Polypropylene copolymer alloys for soft nonwoven fabrics
US5986004A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-11-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive polymeric materials
US6117801A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-09-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Properties for flash-spun products
US5919177A (en) * 1997-03-28 1999-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Permeable fiber-like film coated nonwoven
CN1258325A (en) * 1997-05-30 2000-06-28 陶氏化学公司 Fibres made from long chain branched syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers
ES2146563T3 (en) * 1997-06-20 2003-09-01 Dow Chemical Co COMPOSITIONS OF ETHYLENE POLYMER AND ARTICLE MANUFACTURED FROM THE SAME.
US6238767B1 (en) * 1997-09-15 2001-05-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Laminate having improved barrier properties
US6197322B1 (en) * 1997-12-23 2001-03-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Antimicrobial structures
US6190760B1 (en) * 1997-12-26 2001-02-20 Toray Industries, Inc. Biaxially oriented polypropylene film to be metallized a metallized biaxially oriented polypropylene film and a laminate formed by using it
US6055987A (en) * 1997-12-31 2000-05-02 Kimberly-Clark Wordwide, Inc. Surgical drape and surgical drape kit
AR016248A1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2001-06-20 Dow Global Technologies Inc METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LAYERS OR FIBER SHEETS BY BLOWING IN FUSION, THE SHEETS OR LAYERS OF MATERIAL SO OBTAINED
US6162522A (en) * 1998-06-19 2000-12-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Loop substrate for releasably attachable abrasive sheet material
US6280573B1 (en) * 1998-08-12 2001-08-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Leakage control system for treatment of moving webs
JP2002531721A (en) * 1998-12-08 2002-09-24 ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニー Fusion-bondable polypropylene / ethylene polymer fiber and composition for producing the fiber
US6146568A (en) * 1999-04-12 2000-11-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making an absorbent member
US6286145B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-09-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Breathable composite barrier fabric and protective garments made thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60116897T2 (en) 2006-09-28
AU2002228966A1 (en) 2002-06-24
US20020144384A1 (en) 2002-10-10
EP1354091B1 (en) 2006-01-25
CN100441766C (en) 2008-12-10
JP2004515664A (en) 2004-05-27
DE60116897D1 (en) 2006-04-13
EP1354091A2 (en) 2003-10-22
TWI244520B (en) 2005-12-01
ATE316591T1 (en) 2006-02-15
BR0116061A (en) 2004-03-02
WO2002048440A2 (en) 2002-06-20
HUP0400649A2 (en) 2004-07-28
WO2002048440A8 (en) 2003-11-27
CN1479819A (en) 2004-03-03
KR20030060114A (en) 2003-07-12
WO2002048440A3 (en) 2003-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
PL361854A1 (en) Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same
MXPA03008750A (en) Acquisition/distribution layer and method of making same.
MX2010002549A (en) Process for producing papermaker's and industrial fabric seam and seam produced by that method.
TW200702509A (en) Nonwoven stretch fabric and process for producing the same
MX2007011987A (en) Lightweight high-tensile, high-tear strength bicomponent nonwoven fabrics.
CA2420966A1 (en) Method and device for producing a textile web by spreading tows
ATE203389T1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A FIBROUS WEB CONSISTING OF CELLULOSE FIBERS FOR USE IN HYGIENE ARTICLES
ATE242349T1 (en) EXPANDABLE COMPOSITE NON-WOVENS
TW352394B (en) Durable fabric, durable fabric sheet and process of forming a durable fabric
MX2007002870A (en) Hydroengorged spunmelt nonwovens.
DE60003165D1 (en) FLEXIBLE FIBER FABRIC WITH INTERRUPTED MATRIX AREA
CA2279128A1 (en) Disposable diaper
WO2007127730A3 (en) Elastic laminate comprising elastic substrate between extensible webs and methods for making
FR2827313B1 (en) NONWOVEN COMPRISING A CONTINUOUS FILAMENT TABLECLOTH, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND APPLICATION THEREOF AS WIPING RAG
MX2010002235A (en) Process for producing papermaker's and industrial fabrics.
ATE527408T1 (en) LEATHER-LIKE FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
GB2392413A (en) Bicomponent fibers and textiles made therefrom
MY138762A (en) Fibre laminate and method for manufacturing a fibre laminate
TW200519269A (en) Leather-like sheets and method for producing them
FI20002775A (en) A method of making a press felt and a press felt
DE69922591D1 (en) Textilummantelung for a tennis ball and manufacturing process
CA2478132C (en) Method for manufacturing a non-woven fabric
DK1111114T4 (en) Textile lattice with reduced thickness
AU2003292266A1 (en) Textile fabric and method for the production and use thereof
WO2001038074A3 (en) Composite articles with fibrous laps, method and device for obtaining same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DISC Decisions on discontinuance of the proceedings (taken after the publication of the particulars of the applications)