KR20150050167A - 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20150050167A KR20150050167A KR1020130131637A KR20130131637A KR20150050167A KR 20150050167 A KR20150050167 A KR 20150050167A KR 1020130131637 A KR1020130131637 A KR 1020130131637A KR 20130131637 A KR20130131637 A KR 20130131637A KR 20150050167 A KR20150050167 A KR 20150050167A
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- active material
- porous silicon
- negative electrode
- alloy powder
- pores
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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Abstract
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 충방전시 음극 활물질의 부피 팽창을 최소화함으로써 리튬 이차전지의 용량 특성 및 수명 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법에 따르면, MxSiy(금속 실리사이드) 상 및 Si 상이 균일하게 분포된 Si-MxSiy 합금에 에칭 조건을 조절함으로써 기공의 형성 깊이, 기공의 직경 및 내부 공극률을 제어하여 상기 Si-MxSiy 합금을 포함하는 코어부와 Si 및 다수의 기공을 포함하는 쉘부를 포함하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 용이하게 제조할 수 있다.
Description
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라, 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 제조방법의 일례를 나타내는 모식도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라, 열처리 온도에 따른 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 X-선 회절분석 결과를 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라, 열처리 온도에 따른 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 표면 SEM 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 음극 활물질에 있어서, 에칭전과 에칭 후의 입자의 내부 단면 SEM 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 음극 활물질에 있어서, Si와 Ti의 분포 정도를 분석한 EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
예 | HF 농도 | 열처리 (℃) |
에칭 시간 | 기공의 평균직경(㎛) | 코어부:쉘부 | 내부 공극률 (%) |
실시예 1 | 1M | 500℃ | 1시간 | 0.02 | 1:2.5 | 43 |
실시예 2 | 1M | 600℃ | 1시간 | 0.05 | 1:2.4 | 45 |
실시예 3 | 1M | 700℃ | 1시간 | 0.2 | 1:2.5 | 41 |
실시예 4 | 1M | 800℃ | 1시간 | 1 | 1:2.7 | 39 |
실시예 5 | 1M | 500℃ | 8시간 | 0.02 | 1:9.8 | 58 |
실시예 6 | 5M | 500℃ | 2시간 | 0.02 | 1:8.7 | 61 |
비교예 1 | 5M | 500℃ | 24시간 | 0.02 | 0:1 | 76 |
비교예 2 | - | 500℃ | - | - | 1:0 | 0 |
비교예 3 | 1M | 500oC | 10분 | 0.02 | 1:0.5 | 13 |
비교예 4 | 5M | 500℃ | 20시간 | 0.22 | 1:22 | 72 |
예 | 코어부: 쉘부 | 용량 | 수명 (%) | 두께 변화율(%) |
이차전지 (활물질) | ||||
실시예 7 (실시예 1) | 1:2.5 (1M,500oC,1hr) | 799 | 83 | 117 |
실시예 10 (실시예 4) | 1:2.7 (1M,800oC,1hr) | 802 | 82 | 113 |
실시예 11 (실시예 5) | 1:9.8 (1M,500oC,8hr) | 801 | 88 | 109 |
실시예 12 (실시예 6) | 1:8.7 (5M,500oC,2hr) | 797 | 86 | 110 |
비교예 5 (비교예 1) | 0:1 (5M,500oC,24hr) | 801 | 69 | 145 |
비교예 6 (비교예 2) | 1:0 - | 803 | 73 | 152 |
비교예 7 (비교예 3) | 1:0.5 (1M,500oC,10m) | 796 | 75 | 151 |
비교예 8 (비교예 4) | 1:22 (5M,500oC,20h) | 799 | 70 | 147 |
Claims (27)
- Si 및 MxSiy를 포함하는 코어부; 및
상기 코어부 상에 Si 및 다수의 기공을 포함하는 쉘부를 포함하며,
상기 MxSiy에서, M은 2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 코어부와 쉘부의 부피비는 1 : 1 내지 20인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 MxSiy 내에 M : Si의 중량비는 1 : 0.5 내지 10인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Sn, Al, Pb, In, Ni, Co, Ag, Mg, Cu, Ge, Cr, Ti, Mn, V, Mo 및 Fe로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 기공의 평균 직경은 표면에서 측정시 10 nm 내지 2 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 기공의 평균 직경은 20 nm 내지 1 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 쉘부의 내부 공극률은 20% 내지 80%인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 쉘부는 MxSiy를 더 포함하며, 상기 M=2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.1 ㎛ 내지 50 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 비표면적(BET-SSA)은 2 ㎡/g 내지 50 ㎡/g인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질.
- 금속(M)과 Si를 사용하여 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 제조하는 단계; 및
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 에칭 용액과 혼합 및 교반하여 에칭함으로써 MxSiy을 제거하는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 MxSiy에서, M은 2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말은 금속(M)과 Si를 용융한 합금 용탕을 급냉시켜 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말은 금속(M)과 Si를 기계적 밀링하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 제조된 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 급냉 단계와 에칭 단계 사이에 기계적 밀링하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 제조한 후 에칭하기 전에 열처리 하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,
상기 열처리는 500 ℃ 내지 800 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Sn, Al, Pb, In, Ni, Co, Ag, Mg, Cu, Ge, Cr, Ti, Mn, V, Mo 및 Fe로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 용융은 상온 내지 1600 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 급냉은 103 K/sec 내지 109 K/sec의 속도로 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 시간은 30분 내지 1000분인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 용액의 농도는 1 M 내지 20 M인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 용액은 플루오르화수소(HF), 플루오르화규소(H2SiF6), 플루오르화암모늄(NH4F), 염산, 황산, 인산 및 질산으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 용액인 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 MxSiy의 제거는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 표면에서부터 제거되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항의 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극.
- 제 24 항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질은 탄소계 물질을 더 혼합하여 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제 25 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소계 물질은 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 소프트 카본, 하드 카본, 메조카본 마이크로비즈(MCMB), 탄소섬유 및 카본블랙으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 양극, 음극, 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지에 있어서, 상기 음극이 제 24 항에 따른 음극인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
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TW103137540A TWI565127B (zh) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 陽極活性材料及製備彼之方法 |
PCT/KR2014/010263 WO2015065047A1 (ko) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP2015545402A JP6138960B2 (ja) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 負極活物質及びこの製造方法 |
CN201480002569.XA CN104756290B (zh) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 负极活性物质及其制备方法 |
US14/417,292 US10153484B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | Anode active material and method of preparing the same |
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Cited By (8)
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KR20180042023A (ko) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-25 | 한국전기연구원 | 나트륨 이온 2차 전지용 복합 음극재의 제조방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 복합 음극재 |
KR20200041068A (ko) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-21 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 다공성 규소-저마늄 전극 소재의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 이차전지 |
KR20220067594A (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-25 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소-탄소 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
KR20220067595A (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-25 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소계 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
KR20220091674A (ko) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-01 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소 복합체, 이를 포함하는 다공성 규소-탄소 복합체 및 음극 활물질 |
CN115818649A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 负极活性物质的制造方法 |
KR102620101B1 (ko) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-01-03 | 주식회사 에버인더스 | 중공구조를 갖는 전기화학소자용 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN117766742A (zh) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-03-26 | 华北电力大学 | 多孔硅碳复合材料、其制备方法及在二次电池中的应用 |
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US20120219860A1 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-08-30 | The Trustees Of Boston College | Hetero-nanostructure materials for use in energy-storage devices and methods of fabricating same |
Cited By (10)
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KR20180042023A (ko) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-25 | 한국전기연구원 | 나트륨 이온 2차 전지용 복합 음극재의 제조방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 복합 음극재 |
KR20200041068A (ko) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-21 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 다공성 규소-저마늄 전극 소재의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 이차전지 |
KR20220067594A (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-25 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소-탄소 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
KR20220067595A (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-25 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소계 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
KR20220091674A (ko) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-01 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소 복합체, 이를 포함하는 다공성 규소-탄소 복합체 및 음극 활물질 |
CN115818649A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 负极活性物质的制造方法 |
KR102620101B1 (ko) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-01-03 | 주식회사 에버인더스 | 중공구조를 갖는 전기화학소자용 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 및 이의 제조방법 |
WO2024248409A1 (ko) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-12-05 | 주식회사 에버인더스 | 중공구조를 갖는 전기화학소자용 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN117766742A (zh) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-03-26 | 华北电力大学 | 多孔硅碳复合材料、其制备方法及在二次电池中的应用 |
CN117766742B (zh) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-04-19 | 华北电力大学 | 多孔硅碳复合材料、其制备方法及在二次电池中的应用 |
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