KR20140019276A - Composition for preventing and treating vitiligo - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling melanogenesis by suppressing or increasing GDF-15 expression, a cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating leukoplakia using the same method. The method for controlling melanogenesis using GDF-15 according to the present invention controls melanogenesis by suppressing the expression or activity of the GDF-15 so inhibiting tyrosinase activity or effectively improves skin pigment disorders including melasma or leukoplakia by increasing the expression of the GDF-15 so enhancing melanogenesis.

Description

Composition for preventing or treating vitiligo {Composition for preventing and treating vitiligo}

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the biosynthesis of melanin, characterized in that it inhibits or increases the expression of GDF-15, and a cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma using the same, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo.

The knowledge of the chemical and enzymatic basis of melanogenesis as a mechanism that regulates skin color is well known. Melanocytes migrate from the embryonic neural crest to the skin to produce melanosomes that produce melanin, the particles they secrete. The key enzyme in melanogenesis is tyrosinase, which triggers a reaction cascade that converts tyrosine into biopolymer melanin. TRP-1 and TRP-2 are known as two tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP's), and these proteins share a homology of about 40% with tyrosinase and have a catalytic role as well as a regulatory role in melanogenesis. .

The melanin occurs in an organelle called melanosomes in which the enzymes are distributed, and the melanosomes containing melanin are later transferred to keratinocytes through melanocyte dendrites. The melanin delivered to the keratinocytes actually becomes an important factor in determining the skin color.

As the main enzyme involved in melanogenesis is tyrosinase, there are major constructs that move the produced melanosomes to the dendritic processes of melanocytes. These are called MTC (Melanosome transport complex), and are composed of three proteins: Melanophilin, Rab27a, and Myosin 5a. The Rab27a is a protein that binds to the surface of the melanosomes and acts as a carrier to recognize and move the melanosomes. In order to move to the end, it must meet the myosin 5a protein, which is an intracellular cytoskeleton, and recognize these two proteins in the middle. It is a protein called melanophilin that acts as an adapter that connects and connects. When the three constituents meet and form a complex, melanosomes can normally move to the cell end, and ultimately to keratinocytes.

On the other hand, melanin pigment produced in melanocytes of human body skin is a phenolic polymer material having a complex form of black pigment and protein, and plays an important role in inhibiting skin damage caused by ultraviolet rays irradiated from the sun. Excessive synthesis and accumulation of the skin not only causes serious aesthetic problems such as spots, freckles and senile surpluses, but also promotes skin aging and causes various skin cancers. At this time, melanocytes are slowly growing cells that require mitogen for their growth, and include SCF (Grabbe et al., 1994), basal fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (Halaban et al., 1987), and bovine. It is known that several factors, including pituitary extract (Wilkins et al., 1985), TPA (Krasagakis et al., 1993), and cAMP stimulating agents, proliferate melanocytes in in vitro use, but clinically There are very few mitogens that can be used.

In addition, migration of melanocytes can cause repigmentation of vitiligo. Pigmentation may be the result of melanocyte proliferation or melanogenesis (Lan et al., 2005).

The melanocyte migration or melanogenesis is a very complex process, and since different classes of mitogens can adequately stimulate the growth of melanocytes, the growth of normal melanocytes requires a variety of mitogens (Abdel -Malek et al., 1992; Eisinger and Marko, 1982; Halaban et al., 1986). Therefore, it can be seen that these mitogens influence each other on proliferation and/or melanin production, but bFGF or TPA alone did not induce optimal melanocyte proliferation, and binding to a-MSH (Swope et al., 1995) or combination with CT and/or IBMX (Abdel-Malek et al., 1992), respectively, increased their mitogenic effects.

On the other hand, vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disease in which white spots of various sizes and shapes appear on the skin due to the death or necrosis of melanocytes.It is a relatively common disease that occurs in about 1% of the world's population. There is no difference. The age of onset is the most in 10-30 years old, 95% of cases develop before 40 years of age, and 30% of patients have a family history. Vitiligo is not clear at the beginning, but it often becomes apparent over time, and the border with normal skin may not be clear, but it may appear darker and more distinct than normal skin color, and in rare cases, itching may be felt. do. When white spots appear on hairy areas, especially hair and eyebrows, white hair may grow. In addition, vitiligo can occur anywhere on the skin, but especially in areas where bones protrude such as fingers, toes, knees, and elbows, around the mouth, around the nose, around the eyes, underarms, and inside the wrist. In addition, vitiligo occurs particularly well in areas where wounds are easily formed, and is symmetrical, or distribution along the nerves. In addition, vitiligo may be accompanied by pigmentation abnormalities of the iris and retina of the eye, in addition to the simple appearance of white spots on the skin, diabetes, pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism or hyperactivity, Down syndrome, biliary cirrhosis, gastric cancer, Adison's disease, It can be combined with autoimmune diseases such as alopecia areata and lupus erythematosus.

Therefore, there have been many studies and experiments to treat such vitiligo, and as a result, psoralen ultraviolet therapy, local and systemic treatment of steroids, and surgical treatment are widely used as a result of the treatment methods for vitiligo. Psoralen UV therapy is called photochemotherapy, and after taking psoralen, systemic UV irradiation is applied or partial UV irradiation after psoralen is applied. Since this requires long-term treatment, there is a risk of skin aging or skin cancer caused by UV irradiation. For steroid therapy, topical application or local injection with triamcinolone is performed when the lesion is small, and systemic administration is performed when the lesion is widely spread. This also requires long-term treatment, so there is a risk of causing skin and systemic side effects. In addition, surgical treatment is a method of transplanting melanocytes by surgery, and can be divided into skin transplantation and cell transplantation. For skin transplantation, full-layer, interlayer, and epidermal transplantation are used. This method is not always a method that can be used and can only be used if the lesion has not spread for several years.In the case of treatment with an external steroid drug, which is the most commonly used method, serious side effects including skin contraction appear if it is used for a long time. However, there is a desperate need for a method to solve this problem.

In addition, melasma, another major skin disease, is caused by hyperpigmentation of the skin and causes various cosmetic problems. To solve these cosmetic problems, various methods, namely, chemical peeling, method using laser, abutin, Although methods using kojic acid are widely used, it is difficult to expect an effect that satisfies the needs of consumers, or the side effects are severe, causing a big problem in many cases.

In order to solve the above problems, studies to treat diseases such as vitiligo or melasma by directly controlling the biosynthesis of melanin are being conducted, but there are few reports on innovative methods that can improve pigmentation and the like.

If the production of melanin can be controlled in this way, it is possible to treat spots caused by hyperpigmentation of the skin or vitiligo that does not show normal skin color.Therefore, research on target substances that can control the production of melanin, which can replace the existing treatment, is needed.

While studying the target of a new pigment formation process that can replace the existing melasma or vitiligo treatment, the present inventors confirmed that melanin production can be regulated by inhibiting or increasing the expression of GDF-15, and completed the present invention. I did.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling melanin production by inhibiting or increasing the expression of GDF-15, and a cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma using the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo.

The present invention provides a cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma comprising an inhibitor of GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) expression or an inhibitor of activity as an active ingredient.

In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo comprising GDF-15 as an active ingredient.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for regulating melanogenesis, characterized in that it inhibits or increases the expression of GDF-15.

The method of regulating melanin production using GDF-15 according to the present invention inhibits the activity of tyrosinase by inhibiting the expression or activity of GDF-15, thereby inhibiting the production of melanin, or by increasing the expression of GDF-15. By increasing the production of skin pigmentation-related diseases, it is possible to effectively improve melasma and vitiligo.

Figure 1 is after the treatment of 0.1, 1, 10, 20 μM histamine in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells, melanogenesis-related proteins TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase (tyrosinase) It is a diagram showing the results of confirming the expression of and GDF-15 by Western blot.
Figure 2 is a diagram showing the result (b) of inhibiting the gene of GDF-15 with gene-specific siRNA, confirming whether the GDF-15 gene is effectively suppressed (a), and suppressing the production of melanin through this.
3 is a diagram showing the results of confirming by Western blot whether the expression (b) of tyrosinase (a), TRP-1, and TRP-2 is reduced by inhibition of GDF-15 gene expression.
4 is a diagram showing the results of confirming the change in mobility of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells transfected with GDF-15 specific siRNA.
5 is a diagram showing the results confirming the increase in melanin biosynthesis (a) and the increase in mobility of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells (b) in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells that induce overexpression of GDF-15. .

The present invention provides a method for regulating melanogenesis, characterized in that inhibiting or increasing the expression of GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15).

GDF-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor-β cytokine superfamily, first identified as macrophage-suppressing cytokine-1 (MIC-1), and later named placental transforming growth factor-β. (Bootcov 1997, Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:11514-11519; Tan 2000, Proc Natl Acad Sci 97:109-114). In addition, it has been recently reported that GDF-15 is overexpressed in melanoma compared to normal melanocytes and is highly expressed in biopsies of metastatic melanoma tissues.

Inhibition or increase of the expression of GDF-15 can use a method of inducing overexpression by using a GDF gene-specific expression or activity inhibitor or by introducing the GDF-15 gene into melanocytes, and controlling the expression of a gene or protein in the art Any method known in the above can be used without limitation.

The present invention provides a cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma comprising an inhibitor of GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) expression or an inhibitor of activity as an active ingredient.

The cosmetic composition for preventing or improving melasma of the present invention can prevent or improve melasma caused by hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase by inhibiting the expression or activity of GDF-15, thereby inhibiting the production of melanin.

The GDF-15 expression inhibitor is characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of antisense nucleotides complementarily binding to the mRNA of the GDF-15 gene, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA).

The GDF-15 activity inhibitor is characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds, peptides, peptide mimetics, aptamers, and antibodies that complement GDF-15 protein.

The GDF-15 gene-specific siRNA is preferably characterized by having a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (5'-ACAUGCACGCGCAGAUCAATT-3) or SEQ ID NO: 2 (5'-UUGAUCUGCGCGUGCAUGUTT-3).

The melasma refers to the occurrence of hyperpigmented lesions of light brown, dark brown, or even black color mainly on the central part of the face such as cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin.

In addition, in the present invention, the cosmetic composition preferably contains other ingredients that can give a synergistic effect to the main effect within a range that does not impair the main effect of the present invention in addition to the GDF-15 expression inhibitor or the activity inhibitor. It may contain.

The cosmetic composition comprises a GDF-15 expression inhibitor or activity inhibitor according to the present invention as an active ingredient, and various creams such as skins, lotions, essences, nutrition creams, massage creams and cleansing creams, cleansing foams, soaps, sunscreens and It can be formulated with basic cosmetics such as packs and powders, and color cosmetics including foundations and makeup bases. In the cosmetic composition of each formulation, other ingredients other than the above-described inhibitor of GDF-15 expression or activity inhibitor may be appropriately selected and blended by a person skilled in the art according to the formulation or purpose of use of other cosmetics. For this purpose, various excipients acceptable for cosmetic compositions may be included, acting as diluents, dispersants, or carriers for the active ingredients in the composition. Excipients other than moisture or excipients containing moisture include liquid or solid emollients, solvents, wetting agents, fats and oils, emollients, surfactants, organic and inorganic pigments, ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, disinfectants, antioxidants, pH adjusters. , Flavoring, thickener, or powder. However, it is not limited thereto.

In the cosmetic composition of the present invention, the GDF-15 expression inhibitor or activity inhibitor is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition.

In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo comprising GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) as an active ingredient.

The pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo of the present invention can effectively improve vitiligo, which is a pigment-related disease of the skin, by increasing the production of melanin by overexpressing GDF-15.

Vitiligo is a disease in which the skin color turns white due to the death of melanocytes acquired, and is a relatively common disease that occurs in about 1-2% of the world's population without differences in race and sex. The age of occurrence is not determined, but more than half of the patients appear before 20 years of age, and areas that are not covered by clothing such as the face or hands, areas where the skin folds such as the groin or armpits, and protruding bones such as elbows, knees and hand joints It is well formed around the skin of the stomach, or around the body's holes, such as the mouth or nose. It usually appears in a symmetrical shape, but it can be located on either side of the ganglion along the ganglion, and it is limited to one or a few areas, and in rare cases, almost all of the skin becomes white.

In the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may contain, in addition to GDF-15, other ingredients that can give a synergistic effect to the main effect, preferably within a range that does not impair the main effect targeted by the present invention.

In addition, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, and diluent in addition to the active ingredients described above for administration.

For example, as carriers, excipients and diluents, lactose, textrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, gum acacia, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methylcellulose, microcrystalline It may be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared in various parenteral or oral administration forms according to known methods. As a representative formulation for parenteral administration, an isotonic aqueous solution or suspension is preferred as a formulation for injection. Formulations for injection can be prepared according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. For example, each component can be formulated for injection by dissolving it in saline or buffer.

Solid preparations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, etc., and such solid preparations include at least one excipient, for example, starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose or lactose, gelatin, etc. to the active ingredient. It is prepared by mixing. In addition, in addition to simple excipients, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc may also be used.

Liquid preparations for oral administration include suspensions, liquid solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc., and various excipients, such as wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, preservatives, etc., can be included in addition to water and liquid paraffin, which are commonly used simple diluents. have.

Formulations for parenteral administration include sterilized aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilized formulations, and suppositories. As the non-aqueous solvent and suspending agent, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, injectable esters such as ethyloleate, and the like may be used. As a base for suppositories, Witepsol, Macrogol, Tween 61, cacao butter, laurin paper, glycerogelatin, and the like can be used.

The effective dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may vary depending on the age and gender of the patient, but may be administered at 0.001 to 100 mg/kg.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of manufacturing examples and examples. However, the following Preparation Examples and Examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited by the following Preparation Examples and Examples.

Example 1. Histamine GDF -15 and increased tyrosinase expression confirmed

SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells were sold and used by the Korean Cell line Bank. Hereinafter, for cell culture, DMEM (dulbecco's modified eagle's medium) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 units/ of penicillin-streptomycin (100 units/ of antibiotic-antimycotic) was used. .

SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells were cultured in a 6-well plate, and histamine was added at each concentration of 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 μM. After 24 hours, a total cell extract was prepared and analyzed by 4-12% SDS-PAGE. The expression of melanogenesis-related proteins TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase and GDF-15 was analyzed by Western blot.

The results are shown in FIG. 1.

As shown in Figure 1, as a result of treatment with histamine on SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells, it can be confirmed that the expression of TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase, and GDF-15 related to melanin biosynthesis is increased. there was.

Example 2. GDF -15 specific siRNA During treatment, check for inhibition of melanogenesis

Since histamine induces overexpression of GDF-15 and promotes melanogenesis, it was confirmed whether or not melanin production was inhibited when the overexpressed GDF-15 gene was suppressed with gene-specific siRNA. GDF-15 gene specific siRNA used the sequence shown in Table 1 below.

GDF-15 specific siRNA sequence Sequence number order Characteristic One 5'-ACAUGCACGCGCAGAUCAATT-3 siRNA for GDF-15 2 5'-UUGAUCUGCGCGUGCAUGUTT-3 siRNA for GDF-15

The SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 were introduced into SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (invitrogen). After 48 hours, the amount of melanin was measured in the total cell extract. In addition, it was confirmed through an optical microscope whether the formation of dendrocytes representing the melanin formation process was reduced by treatment of the siRNA on melanocytes.

The results are shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, when GDF-15-specific siRNA was treated, the expression of GDF-15 was effectively suppressed (a), and it was confirmed that the production of melanin, which was increased by histamine treatment, decreased (b). Therefore, it can be seen that the biosynthesis of melanin can be regulated by regulating the expression of GDF-15.

Example 3. GDF -15 specific siRNA Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and TRP-1 by treatment, TRP -2 decreased expression

It was confirmed by Western blot whether the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 involved in melanin biosynthesis was also reduced by inhibition of GDF-15 gene expression. SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells were transfected with GDF-15 specific si-RNA for 48 hours. SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells were treated with histamine with 10 mM and cultured for 24 hours to induce melanin biosynthesis. After 24 hours of histamine treatment, a total cell extract was obtained, which was analyzed by 4-12% SDS-PAGE.

The results are shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, it was confirmed that the expression of tyrosinase involved in melanin biosynthesis (a) and related proteins TRP-1 and TRP-2 were decreased by inhibiting the expression of GDF-15 (b).

Example 4. GDF -15 specific siRNA By processing, Melanoma Decreased cellular mobility

SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells were transfected with GDF-15 specific siRNA for 48 hours. The mobility of the transfected SK-MEL-2 cells was investigated using the Boyden Chamber Kit. The transwell insert of the lower chamber was coated with fibronectin 10 mg/ml, and SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells ^{were added 5} ×10 4 per well, followed by treatment with 10 mM histamine. After culturing SK-MEL-2 cells, the cells attached to the bottom of the insert were fixed with Diff-quick, and the number of cells was randomly counted at 4 or more sites.

The results are shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 4, the increase in mobility of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells induced by histamine treatment was suppressed to a level similar to that before histamine treatment by treatment with GDF-15 specific siRNA.

Example 5. GDF -15 Increased melanin biosynthesis by inducing overexpression and Melanoma Confirmation of increased cell mobility

SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells (5 x 10 ⁴ /6 wells) were transfected with a plasmid carrying the GDF-15 gene. After adding histamine (10 μM) to the transfected SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells, the amount of melanin production was measured, and the mobility of SK-MEL-2 cells was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 4.

The results are shown in FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, a significant increase in melanin production was observed in not only the histamine-treated cells but also the SK-MEL-2 cells transfected with GDF-15 (a). In addition, a significant increase in the mobility of SK-MEL-2 cells was confirmed in SK-MEL-2 cells transfected with GDF-15 (b). Therefore, it can be seen that overexpression of GDF-15 in melanoma cells can increase melanin production and increase the mobility of melanoma cells.

Formulation Example 1 . Cosmetic Formulation

1.1 Softening lotion (skin lotion) (unit: wt%)

GDF-15 expression inhibitor or activity inhibitor 0.1~0.2

Butylene glycol 2.0

Propylene glycol 2.0

Carboxyvinyl Polymer 0.1

PEG-12 nonylphenyl ether 0.2

Polysorbate 80 0.4

Ethanol 10.0

Triethanolamine 0.1

Preservatives, colors, flavors appropriate amount

1.2 Nutritional lotion ( Milk lotion ) (Unit: wt%)

GDF-15 expression inhibitor or activity inhibitor 0.1~0.2

Beeswax 4.0

Polysorbate 60 1.5

Sorbitansquioleate 1.5

Liquid paraffin 0.5

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride 5.0

Glycerin 3.0

Butylene Glycol 3.0

Propylene glycol 3.0

Carboxyvinyl Polymer 0.1

Triethanolamine 0.2

Preservatives, colors, flavors appropriate amount

Formulation example 2. Pharmaceutical formulation

2.1 Powdery Produce

GDF-15: 2g

Lactose: 1g

The above ingredients were mixed and filled in an airtight cloth to prepare a powder.

2.2 Preparation of tablets

GDF-15: 100 mg

Corn Starch: 100mg

Lactose: 100mg

Magnesium stearate: 2 mg

After mixing the above ingredients, tablets were prepared by tableting according to a conventional tablet preparation method.

2.3 Preparation of capsules

GDF-15: 100 mg

Corn Starch: 100mg

Lactose: 100mg

Magnesium stearate: 2 mg

After mixing the above ingredients, a gelatin capsule was filled according to a conventional capsule preparation method to prepare a capsule formulation.

<110> Dongguk University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation <120> Method of modulating melanogenesis using GDF-15 <150> KR10-2011-0029956 <151> 2011-03-31 <160> 2 <170> KopatentIn 1.71 <210> 1 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> siRNA for GDF-15 <220> <223> siRNA for GDF-15 <400> 1 acaugcacgc gcagaucaat t 21 <210> 2 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> siRNA for GDF-15 <220> <223> siRNA for GDF-15 <400> 2 uugaucugcg cgugcaugut t 21

Claims (2)

A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo comprising GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) as an active ingredient.
The pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo according to claim 1, wherein the GDF-15 promotes the production of melanin.

Images