KR20120058602A - Deuterated compounds for electronic applications - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to deuterated aryl-anthracene compounds useful in electronic applications. The invention also relates to an electronic device wherein the active layer comprises such deuterated compounds.

Description

Deuterated Compounds for Electronic Applications {DEUTERATED COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS}

Related application data

This application is filed February 27, 2009, US Provisional Patent Application 61 / 156,181, filed May 19, 2009, US Provisional Patent Application 61 / 179,407, and September 3, 2009. Priority is claimed under 35 USC 119 (e) from US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 239,574, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The present invention relates to at least partially deuterated anthracene derivative compounds. The invention also relates to an electronic device wherein at least one active layer comprises such a compound.

Organic electronic devices that emit light, such as light emitting diodes that make up displays, exist in many different kinds of electronic equipment. In all such devices, an organic active layer is sandwiched between two electrical contact layers. At least one electrical contact layer is light transmissive such that light can pass through the electrical contact layer. The organic active layer emits light through the electrical contact layer when applying electricity across the light transmissive electrical contact layer.

It is well known to use organic electroluminescent compounds as active components in light emitting diodes. Simple organic molecules such as anthracene, thiadiazole derivatives and coumarin derivatives are known to exhibit electroluminescence. Semiconductive conjugated polymers are also used as electroluminescent compounds, for example, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,247,190, US Pat. No. 5,408,109, and European Patent Application Publication No. 443 861. In many cases, the electroluminescent compound is present as a dopant in the host material.

There is a continuing need for new materials for electronic devices.

An aryl-substituted anthracene with at least one deuterium substituent is provided.

There is also provided an electronic device comprising an active layer comprising the compound.

There is also provided an electroactive composition comprising (a) an aryl-substituted anthracene having at least one deuterium substituent and (b) an electroactive dopant capable of electroluminescence having an emission maximum between 380 and 750 nm.

Embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings to assist in understanding the concepts presented herein.
<Figure 1>
1 includes an illustration of one example of an organic electronic device.
<FIG. 2>
2 contains a ¹ H NMR spectrum of a comparative compound of Comparative Example A. FIG.
3,
3 includes a ¹ H NMR spectrum of the deuterated compound of Example 1. FIG.
<Figure 4>
4 includes a mass spectrum of the deuterated compound of Example 1. FIG.
Those skilled in the art understand that the objects in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some objects in the drawings may be exaggerated relative to other objects to facilitate understanding of the embodiments.

Many aspects and embodiments are disclosed herein and these are illustrative and not restrictive. After reading this specification, skilled artisans appreciate that other aspects and embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Other features and benefits of any one or more of the embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the claims. The detailed description first reviews definitions and explanations of terms, followed by deuterated compounds, electronic devices, and finally examples.

1. Definition and Explanation of Terms

Before discussing the details of the embodiments described below, some terms will be defined or clarified.

As used herein, the term "aliphatic ring" is intended to mean a cyclic group having no delocalized pi electrons. In some embodiments, aliphatic rings have no unsaturated. In some embodiments, the ring has one double bond or triple bond.

The term "alkoxy" refers to the group RO-, wherein R is alkyl.

The term "alkyl" is intended to mean a group derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon having one point of attachment and includes linear, branched or cyclic groups. This term is intended to include heteroalkyls. The term "hydrocarbon alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having no heteroatoms. The term "deuterated alkyl" is hydrocarbon alkyl wherein at least one available H is replaced by D. In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

The term "branched alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having at least one secondary or tertiary carbon. The term "secondary alkyl" refers to branched alkyl groups having secondary carbon atoms. The term "tertiary alkyl" refers to a branched alkyl group having a tertiary carbon atom. In some embodiments, branched alkyl groups are attached through secondary or tertiary carbons.

The term "aryl" is intended to mean a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon having one point of attachment. The term "aromatic compound" is intended to mean an organic compound comprising at least one unsaturated cyclic group having unlocalized pi electrons. This term is intended to include heteroaryls. The term "hydrocarbon aryl" is intended to mean an aromatic compound having no heteroatoms in the ring. The term aryl includes groups having a single ring and groups having multiple rings which may be linked by a single bond or may be fused together. The term “deuterated aryl” refers to an aryl group in which at least one available H directly bonded to aryl is replaced with D. The term "arylene" is intended to mean a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon having two points of attachment. In some embodiments, aryl groups have 3 to 60 carbon atoms.

The term "aryloxy" refers to the group RO-, where R is aryl.

The term "compound" is intended to mean an electrically uncharged substance consisting of molecules, where the molecule is further composed of atoms, wherein the atoms cannot be separated by physical means. The phrase "adjacent", when used to refer to a layer in a device, does not necessarily mean that one layer is next to another layer. On the other hand, the phrase "adjacent R groups" is used in the formula to refer to R groups next to each other (ie, R groups on atoms connected by a bond).

The term "deuterated" is intended to mean that at least one hydrogen (H) has been replaced with deuterium (D). Deuterium is present at least 100 times the natural abundance level. A “deuterated derivative” of compound X has the same structure as compound X but is accompanied by at least one D that replaces H.

The term “dopant” is a material in a layer comprising a host material, the radiation emission, reception of the layer compared to the wavelength (s) or electronic characteristic (s) of the radiation emission, reception or filtration of the layer in the absence of such material. Or a material that changes the target wavelength (s) or electronic property (s) of filtration.

When referring to a layer or material, the term "electroactive" is intended to mean a layer or material that exhibits electronic or electro-radiative properties. In electronic devices, the electroactive material electronically promotes the operation of the device. Examples of electroactive materials include, but are not limited to, materials that conduct, inject, transport, or block charge, which may be electrons or holes, and materials that exhibit a change in concentration or emit radiation of an electron-hole pair when accepting radiation. It doesn't work. Examples of inert materials include, but are not limited to planarization materials, insulating materials, and environmental barrier materials.

The prefix "hetero" indicates that one or more carbon atoms have been replaced with a different atom. In some embodiments, the different atoms are N, O or S.

The term "host material" is intended to mean the material to which the dopant is added. The host material may or may not have electronic property (s) or the ability to emit, receive or filter radiation. In some embodiments, the host material is present at higher concentrations.

The term "layer" is used interchangeably with the term "film" and refers to a coating covering a desired area. This term is not limited by size. The area can be as large as the entire device, as small as a specific functional area, such as an actual visual display, or as small as a single sub-pixel. Layers and films can be formed by any conventional deposition technique, such as vapor deposition, liquid deposition (continuous and discontinuous techniques), and thermal transfer. have. Continuous deposition techniques include spin coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, dip coating, slot-die coating, spray coating And continuous nozzle coating. Discontinuous deposition techniques include, but are not limited to, ink jet printing, gravure printing, and screen printing.

The term "organic electronic device" or sometimes only "electronic device" is intended to mean a device comprising one or more organic semiconductor layers or materials. All groups can be substituted or unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated. In some embodiments, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of D, halides, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cyano, and NR ₂ , where R is alkyl or aryl.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

The IUPAC numbering system is used throughout, where the families of the periodic table are numbered 1 to 18 from left to right (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81st Edition, 2000).

2. Deuterated Compounds

The new deuterated compound is an aryl-substituted anthracene compound having at least one D. In some embodiments, the compound is at least 10% deuterated. This means that at least 10% of H is replaced by D. In some embodiments, the compound is at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated. In some embodiments, the compound is 100% deuterated.

In one embodiment, the deuterated compound is represented by Formula I:

[Formula I]

(here,

R ¹ to R ⁸ are the same or different at each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl;

Ar ¹ and Ar ² are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups;

Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H, D, and aryl groups),

Has at least one D.

In some embodiments of Formula I, at least one D is in a substituent group on an aryl ring. In some embodiments, substituent groups are selected from alkyl and aryl.

In some embodiments of Formula I, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is D. In some embodiments, at least two of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D. In some embodiments, at least three are D; In some embodiments, at least four are D; In some embodiments, at least 5 is D; In some embodiments, at least 6 is D; In some embodiments, at least seven is D. In some embodiments, all of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D.

In some embodiments, R ¹ to R ⁸ are selected from H and D. In some embodiments, one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is D and seven are H. In some embodiments, two of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and six are H. In some embodiments, three of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and five are H. In some embodiments, four of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and four are H. In some embodiments, five of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and three are H. In some embodiments, six of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and two are H. In some embodiments, seven of R ¹ to R ⁸ are D and one is H. In some embodiments, ^eight of R ¹ to R 8 are D.

In some embodiments, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is selected from alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl, and the remaining of R ¹ to R ⁸ are selected from H and D. In some embodiments, R ² is selected from alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl. In some embodiments, R ² is selected from alkyl and aryl. In some embodiments, R ² is selected from deuterated alkyl and deuterated aryl. In some embodiments, R ² is selected from at least 10% deuterated, deuterated aryl. In some embodiments, R ² is at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% is selected from deuterated, deuterated aryl. In some embodiments, R ² is selected from 100% deuterated, deuterated aryl.

In some embodiments of Formula I, at least one of Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ is deuterated aryl. In some embodiments, Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from D and deuterated aryl.

In some embodiments of Formula I, Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ are at least 10% deuterated. In some embodiments of Formula I, Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ are at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; In some embodiments, 100% deuterated.

In some embodiments, the compound of formula I is at least 10% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated. In some embodiments, the compound is 100% deuterated.

In some embodiments, Ar ¹ and Ar ² are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, and deuterated derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, Ar ¹ and Ar ² are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, and deuterated derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, deuterated derivatives thereof, and groups having formula II:

&Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &

(here,

R ⁹ is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, siloxane and silyl, or adjacent R ⁹ groups can be linked together to form an aromatic ring;

m is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 1 to 6).

In some embodiments, Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, deuterated derivatives thereof, and a group having formula III:

[Formula III]

Wherein R ⁹ and m are as defined above for Formula II. In some embodiments, m is an integer from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, at least one of Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ is a heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is deuterated. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is at least 10% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is 100% deuterated. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is selected from carbazole, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, and deuterated derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments of Formula I, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is D and at least one of Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ is deuterated aryl. In some embodiments, the compound is at least 10% deuterated. In some embodiments, the compound is at least 20% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated. In some embodiments, the compound is 100% deuterated.

Some non-limiting examples of compounds having Formula I include the following compounds H1 through H14:

Compound H1:

Where x + y + z + n is 1 to 26

Compound H2:

Where x + y + z + p + n is 1 to 30

Compound H3:

Where x + y + z + p + n + r is 1 to 32

Compound H4:

Where x + y + z + p + n is 1 to 18

Compound H5:

Where x + y + z + p + n + q is 1 to 34

Compound H6:

Where x + y + z + n is 1 to 18

Compound H7:

Where x + y + z + p + n is 1 to 28

Compound H8:

Compound H9:

Compound H10:

Compound H11:

Compound H12:

Compound H13:

Compound H14:

Non-deuterated analogs of the new compounds can be prepared by known coupling and substitution reactions. Then in a similar manner using deuterated precursor materials, or more generally, Lewis acid H / D exchange catalysts such as aluminum trichloride or ethyl aluminum chloride, or acids such as CF ₃ COOD, New deuterated compounds can be prepared by treating non-deuterated compounds with deuterated solvents such as d6-benzene in the presence of DCl and the like. Exemplary preparations are provided in the Examples. Deuteration levels can be determined by NMR analysis and mass spectrometry, such as Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry (ASAP-MS). Starting materials for overdeuterated or partially deuterated aromatic compounds or alkyl compounds can be purchased from commercial sources or obtained using known methods. Some examples of such methods can be found in the following literature: a) [Efficient H / D Exchange Reactions of Alkyl-Substituted Benzene Derivatives by Means of the Pd / C-H2-D2O System "Hiroyoshi Esaki, Fumiyo Aoki, Miho Umemura, Masatsugu Kato, Tomohiro Maegawa, Yasunari Monguchi, and Hironao Sajiki Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 4052-4063; b) “Aromatic H / D Exchange Reaction Catalyzed by Groups 5 and 6 Metal Chlorides” GUO, Qiao-Xia, SHEN, Bao-Jian; GUO, Hai-Qing TAKAHASHI, Tamotsu Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2005, 23, 341-344; c) A novel deuterium effect on dual charge-transfer and ligand-field emission of the cis-dichlorobis (2,2'-bipyridine) iridium (III) ion "Richard J. Watts, Shlomo Efrima, and Horia Metiu J Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101 (10), 2742-2743; d) "Efficient HD Exchange of Aromatic Compounds in Near-Critical D20 Catalysed by a Polymer-Supported Sulphonic Acid" Carmen Boix and Martyn Poliakoff Tetrahedron Letters 40 (1999) 4433-4436; e) US Patent No. 3849458; f) See “Efficient CH / CD Exchange Reaction on the Alkyl Side Chain of Aromatic Compounds Using Heterogeneous Pd / C in D 2 O” Hironao Sajiki, Fumiyo Aoki, Hiroyoshi Esaki, Tomohiro Maegawa, and Kosaku Hirota Org. Lett., 2004, 6 (9), 1485-1487].

The compounds described herein can be formed into films using liquid deposition techniques. Surprisingly surprising, these compounds have significantly improved properties when compared to similar non-deuterated compounds. Electronic devices comprising an active layer with a compound described herein have a greatly improved lifetime. In addition, the lifetime increase is achieved in combination with high quantum efficiency and good color saturation. In addition, the deuterated compounds described herein have greater air tolerance than non-deuterated analogs. This can lead to greater processing tolerances, both in the manufacture and purification of materials, and in the formation of electronic devices using the materials.

3. Electronic device

Organic electronic devices that may benefit from having one or more layers comprising the electroluminescent materials described herein include (1) devices that convert electrical energy into radiation (eg, light emitting diodes, light emitting diode displays, or diode lasers). ), (2) devices that detect signals through electronic engineering processes (e.g. photodetectors, photoconductive cells, photoresistors, optical switches, phototransistors, phototubes, IR detectors), (3) converting radiation into electrical energy Devices (eg, photovoltaic devices or solar cells), and (4) devices (eg, transistors or diodes) comprising one or more electronic components comprising one or more organic semiconductor layers.

An example of an organic electronic element structure is shown in FIG. Device 100 has an anode layer 110 which is a first electrical contact layer and a cathode layer 160 which is a second electrical contact layer, and an electroactive layer 140 therebetween. There may be a hole injection layer 120 adjacent to the anode. Adjacent to the hole injection layer, there may be a hole transport layer 130 comprising a hole transport material. Adjacent to the cathode may be an electron transport layer 150 comprising an electron transport material. The device may use one or more additional hole injection or hole transport layers (not shown) next to anode 110 and / or one or more additional electron injection or electron transport layers (not shown) next to cathode 160. have.

Layers 120-150 are individually and collectively called active layers.

In one embodiment, the various layers have a thickness in the following range: anode 110 is 500-5000 mm 3, in one embodiment 1000-2000 mm 3; Hole injection layer 120, 50-2000 mm 3, in one embodiment 200-1000 mm 3; Hole transport layer 130, 50-2000 kPa, in one embodiment 200-1000 kPa; Electroactive layer 140, 10-2000 kPa, in one embodiment 100-1000 kPa; Layer 150, 50-2000 mm 3, in one embodiment 100-1000 mm 3; The cathode 160 is 200-10000 mm 3, in one embodiment 300-5000 mm 3. The location of the electron-hole recombination zone in the device, ie the emission spectrum of the device, can be influenced by the relative thickness of each layer. The required ratio of layer thicknesses will depend on the exact nature of the materials used.

Depending on the use of the device 100, the electroactive layer 140 may be activated in a light emitting layer (such as in a light emitting diode or light emitting electrochemical cell) by an applied voltage, or in response to radiant energy (in the photodetector). Or a layer of material that generates a signal with or without an applied bias voltage. Examples of photodetectors include photoconductive cells, photoresistors, optical switches, phototransistors and phototubes, and photovoltaic cells, which are described in Markus, John, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 470 and 476 (McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1966).

One or more new deuterated materials described herein may be present in one or more active layers of the device. Deuterated materials may be used alone or in combination with non-deuterated materials.

In some embodiments, the new deuterated compounds are useful as hole transport materials in layer 130. In some embodiments, the at least one additional layer comprises fresh deuterated material. In some embodiments, the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120. In some embodiments, the additional layer is electroactive layer 140. In some embodiments, the additional layer is electron transport layer 150.

In some embodiments, the new deuterated compounds are useful as host materials for the electroactive dopant material in the electroactive layer 140. In some embodiments, the luminescent material is also deuterated. In some embodiments, the at least one additional layer comprises deuterated material. In some embodiments, the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120. In some embodiments, the additional layer is the hole transport layer 130. In some embodiments, the additional layer is electron transport layer 150.

In some embodiments, the new deuterated compounds are useful as electron transport materials in layer 150. In some embodiments, the at least one additional layer comprises deuterated material. In some embodiments, the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120. In some embodiments, the additional layer is the hole transport layer 130. In some embodiments, the additional layer is electroactive layer 140.

In some embodiments the electronic device has a deuterated material in any combination of a layer selected from the group consisting of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electroactive layer, and an electron transport layer.

In some embodiments, the device has additional layers to aid processing or to improve functionality. All or any of these layers may comprise deuterated materials. In some embodiments, all the organic device layers comprise deuterated materials. In some embodiments, all organic device layers consist essentially of deuterated material.

a. Electroactive layer

The new deuterated compounds of formula (I) are useful as host materials for electroactive dopant materials in layer 140. The compound can be used alone or in combination with a second host material. The new deuterated compounds can be used as hosts for dopants with luminescence of any color. In some embodiments, the new deuterated compounds are used as hosts for green or blue light emitting materials.

In some embodiments, the electroactive layer consists essentially of a host material having Formula I and one or more electroactive dopants. In some embodiments, the electroactive layer consists essentially of the first host material, the second host material, and the electroactive dopant having Formula I. Examples of second host materials include, but are not limited to, chrysene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, phenanthroline, naphthalene, anthracene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, phenylpyridine, benzodifuran, and metal quinolate complexes It doesn't work.

The amount of dopant present in the electroactive composition is generally from 3 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; In some embodiments, in a range from 5 to 15 weight percent. When a second host is present, the ratio of first host to second host having Formula I generally ranges from 1:20 to 20: 1; In some embodiments, 5:15 to 15: 5. In some embodiments, the first host material having Formula I comprises at least 50 weight percent of the total host material; In some embodiments, at least 70% by weight.

In some embodiments, the second host material has formula IV:

[Formula IV]

(here,

Ar ⁵ is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aryl group;

Q is a polyvalent aryl group and

It is selected from the group consisting of;

T is selected from the group consisting of (CR ′) _a , SiR ₂ , S, SO ₂ , PR, PO, PO ₂ , BR, and R;

R is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, and aryl;

R 'is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;

a is an integer from 1 to 6;

n is an integer from 0 to 6).

While n may have a value from 0 to 6, it will be understood that for some Q groups the value of n is limited by the chemical nature of the group. In some embodiments n is 0 or 1.

In some embodiments of Formula IV, adjacent Ar groups are linked together to form a ring such as carbazole. In formula (IV), "adjacent" means that the Ar groups are bonded to the same N.

In some embodiments, Ar ⁵ is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quarterphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, naphthylphenyl, and phenanthrylphenyl. Analogs higher than quarterphenyl, having 5 to 10 phenyl rings, may also be used.

In some embodiments, at least one Ar ⁵ has at least one substituent. Substituent groups may be present to alter the physical or electronic properties of the host material. In some embodiments, the substituents improve the processability of the host material. In some embodiments, the substituents increase the solubility and / or Tg of the host material. In some embodiments, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, silyl groups, siloxanes, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, Q is an aryl group having at least two fused rings. In some embodiments, Q has 3 to 5 fused aromatic rings. In some embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of chrysene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, phenanthroline, naphthalene, anthracene, quinoline and isoquinoline.

Dopants are electroactive materials capable of electroluminescence having emission maximums between 380 and 750 nm. In some embodiments, the dopant emits red, green, or blue light.

Electroluminescent (“EL”) materials that can be used as dopants in the electroactive layer include, but are not limited to, small molecule organic light emitting compounds, light emitting metal complexes, conjugated polymers, and mixtures thereof. Examples of small molecule light emitting compounds include, but are not limited to, chrysene, pyrene, perylene, rubrene, coumarin, anthracene, thiadiazole, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. Examples of metal complexes include, but are not limited to, metal chelated oxynoid compounds. Examples of conjugated polymers include, but are not limited to, poly (phenylenevinylene), polyfluorene, poly (spirobifluorene), polythiophene, poly (p-phenylene), copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof. Do not.

Examples of red luminescent materials include, but are not limited to, periplanthene, fluoranthene and perylene. Red luminescent materials are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,875,524 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0158577.

Examples of green luminescent materials include, but are not limited to, diaminoanthracene, and polyphenylenevinylene polymers. Green light emitting materials are disclosed, for example, in WO 2007/021117.

Examples of blue luminescent materials include, but are not limited to, diarylanthracene, diaminocrynes, diaminopyrene, and polyfluorene polymers. Blue light emitting materials are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,875,524 and US Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007-0292713 and 2007-0063638.

In some embodiments, the dopant is an organic compound. In some embodiments, the dopant is selected from the group consisting of non-polymeric spirobifluorene compounds and fluoranthene compounds.

In some embodiments, the dopant is a compound having an aryl amine group. In some embodiments, the electroactive dopant is selected from the following formulas:

here,

A is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aromatic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms;

Q 'is a single bond or an aromatic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms;

p and q are independently an integer of 1-6.

In some embodiments of the above formula, at least one of A and Q 'in each formula has at least three condensed rings. In some embodiments, p and q are equal to one.

In some embodiments, Q 'is a styryl or styrylphenyl group.

In some embodiments, Q 'is an aromatic group having at least two condensed rings. In some embodiments, Q 'is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, tetracene, xanthene, perylene, coumarin, rhodamine, quinacridone, and rubrene.

In some embodiments, A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, naphthylphenyl, and anthracenyl groups.

In some embodiments, the dopant has the formula:

(here,

Y is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aromatic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms;

Q ″ is an aromatic group, a divalent triphenylamine residue, or a single bond.

In some embodiments, the dopant is aryl acene. In some embodiments, the dopant is asymmetric aryl acene.

In some embodiments, the dopant is an anthracene derivative having Formula V:

[Formula V]

(here,

R ¹⁰ is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl, alkoxy and aryl, wherein adjacent R ¹⁰ groups can be linked together to form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring;

Ar ⁶ to Ar ⁹ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups;

d is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 0 to 4).

In some embodiments, the dopant of Formula V is deuterated. In some embodiments, the aryl group is deuterated. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is deuterated. In some embodiments, the dopant is at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; In some embodiments, 100% deuterated.

In some embodiments, the dopant is a chrysene derivative having Formula VI:

[Formula VI]

(here,

R ¹¹ is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl, alkoxy aryl, fluoro, cyano, nitro, —SO ₂ R ¹² , wherein R ¹² is alkyl or perfluoroalkyl Wherein adjacent R ¹¹ groups can be linked together to form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring;

Ar ⁶ to Ar ⁹ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups;

e is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 0 to 5).

In some embodiments, the dopant of Formula VI is deuterated. In some embodiments, the aryl group is deuterated. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is deuterated. In some embodiments, the dopant is at least 50% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; In some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; In some embodiments, 100% deuterated.

Some non-limiting examples of green dopants are compounds D1 through D8 shown below.

D1:

D2:

D3:

D4:

D5:

D6:

D7:

D8:

Some non-limiting examples of blue dopants are compounds D9 to D16 shown below.

D9:

D10 :

D11:

D12:

D13 :

D14:

D15:

D16:

In some embodiments, the electroactive dopant is selected from the group consisting of amino-substituted chrysene and amino-substituted anthracene.

In some embodiments, the new deuterated compounds described herein are electroluminescent materials and exist as electroactive materials.

B. Other Device Layers

Other layers within the device can be made of any material known to be useful for such a layer.

The anode 110 is a particularly efficient electrode for injecting positive charge carriers. It may be made of a material containing, for example, a metal, mixed metal, alloy, metal oxide or mixed-metal oxide, or it may be a conductive polymer, or a mixture thereof. Suitable metals include Group 11 metals, Group 4 to 6 metals and Group 8 to 10 transition metals. If the anode is light transmissive, mixed-metal oxides of group 12, 13 and 14 metals, such as indium-tin-oxides, are generally used. Anode 110 is also described in “Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymer,” Nature vol. 357, pp 477-479 (11 June 1992), and may include organic materials such as polyaniline. At least one of the anode and the cathode is preferably at least partially transparent to the extent that the generated light is observed.

The hole injection layer 120 includes a hole injection material and enhances the planarization of the base layer, charge transport and / or charge injection characteristics, removal of impurities such as oxygen or metal ions, and performance of the organic electronic device in the organic electronic device. Or one or more functions, including but not limited to other aspects of improving. The hole injection material can be a polymer, oligomer, or small molecule. The hole injection material may be deposited or deposited from a liquid, which may be in the form of a solution, dispersion, suspension, emulsion, colloid mixture or other composition.

The hole injection layer may be formed of a polymeric material, such as polyaniline (PANI) or polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), often doped with protonic acid. The protic acid can be, for example, poly (styrenesulfonic acid), poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), and the like.

The hole injection layer may include charge transfer compounds, such as copper phthalocyanine and tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane system (TTF-TCNQ).

In some embodiments, the hole injection layer comprises at least one electrically conductive polymer and at least one fluorinated acid polymer. Such materials are described, for example, in US Patent Application Publication Nos. 2004-0102577, 2004-0127637, and 2005/205860.

In some embodiments, hole transport layer 130 comprises a new deuterated compound of Formula (I). Examples of other hole transport materials for layer 130 are described, for example, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition, Vol. 18, p. 837-860, 1996, by Y. Wang. Both hole transport molecules and polymers can be used. Commonly used hole transport molecules include N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (TPD), 1,1-bis [(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N'-bis (4-methylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (4-ethylphenyl)-[1, 1 '-(3,3'-dimethyl) biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (ETPD), tetrakis- (3-methylphenyl) -N, N, N', N'-2,5- Phenylenediamine (PDA), a-phenyl-4-N, N-diphenylaminostyrene (TPS), p- (diethylamino) benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH), triphenylamine (TPA) , Bis [4- (N, N-diethylamino) -2-methylphenyl] (4-methylphenyl) methane (MPMP), 1-phenyl-3- [p- (diethylamino) styryl] -5- [ p- (diethylamino) phenyl] pyrazoline (PPR or DEASP), 1,2-trans-bis (9H-carbazol-9-yl) cyclobutane (DCZB), N, N, N ', N'- Tetrakis (4-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl) -4,4'-diamine (TTB), N, N'-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N'-bis- (Phenyl) benzidine (-NPB), and A le porphyrin-based compounds, such as copper phthalocyanine. Commonly used hole transporting polymers are polyvinylcarbazole, (phenylmethyl) -polysilane, and polyaniline. Hole transport polymers may also be obtained by doping hole transport molecules such as those mentioned above into polymers such as polystyrene and polycarbonate. In some cases, triarylamine polymers, in particular triarylamine-fluorene copolymers, are used. In some cases, the polymers and copolymers are crosslinkable. Examples of crosslinkable hole transport polymers can be found, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0184287 and International Patent Publication WO 2005/052027. In some embodiments, the hole transport layer is a p-dopant, such as tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10- Doped with dionehydride.

In some embodiments, electron transport layer 150 comprises a new deuterated compound of Formula (I). Examples of other electron transport materials that can be used in layer 150 include metal chelated oxynoid compounds, such as tris (8-hydroxyquinolato) aluminum (Alq3); Bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (para-phenyl-phenolato) aluminum (III) (BAlQ); And azole compounds such as 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) and 3- (4-biphenylyl ) -4-phenyl-5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and 1,3,5-tri (phenyl-2-benzimidazole) benzene (TPBI) ; Quinoxaline derivatives such as 2,3-bis (4-fluorophenyl) quinoxaline; Phenanthroline derivatives such as 9,10-diphenylphenanthroline (DPA) and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DDPA); And mixtures thereof. The electron transport layer can also be doped with n-dopant, for example Cs or other alkali metal. Layer 150 may not only facilitate electron transport but also function as both a buffer layer or a confinement layer that prevents quenching of the exciton at the layer interface. have. Preferably, this layer promotes electron mobility and reduces excitation drops.

Cathode 160 is a particularly efficient electrode for injecting electrons or negative charge carriers. The cathode can be any metal or nonmetal having a lower work function than the anode. Materials for the cathode may be selected from alkali metals of Group 1 (eg, Li, Cs), Group 2 (alkaline earth) metals, Group 12 metals (including rare earth elements and lanthanides) and actinides. Combinations thereof can be used with materials such as aluminum, indium, calcium, barium, samarium and magnesium. In order to lower the operating voltage, Li- or Cs-comprising organometallic compounds, LiF, CsF, and Li ₂ O may also be deposited between the organic layer and the cathode layer.

It is known to have other layers in organic electronic devices. For example, a layer (not shown) that controls the amount of positive charge injected and / or provides band-gap matching of the layer or acts as a protective layer includes the anode 110 and the hole injection layer ( 120). Layers known in the art can be used, for example, ultrathin layers of metals such as copper phthalocyanine, silicon oxy-nitride, fluorocarbons, silanes, or Pt. Alternatively, some or all of the anode layer 110, the active layers 120, 130, 140, and 150, or the cathode layer 160 may be surface treated to increase charge carrier transport efficiency. The choice of the material of each component layer is preferably determined to provide a device with high electroluminescence efficiency by balancing the positive and negative charges in the emitter layer.

It is understood that each functional layer can constitute more than one layer.

The device can be manufactured by a variety of techniques including sequentially depositing individual layers on a suitable substrate. Substrates such as glass, plastic and metal can be used. Conventional deposition techniques such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition and the like can be used. Alternatively, the organic layer may be a solution or dispersion in a suitable solvent using conventional coating or printing techniques including but not limited to spin coating, dip coating, roll-to-roll technology, inkjet printing, screen printing, gravure printing, and the like. Applicable from

The invention also relates to an electronic device comprising at least one active layer located between two electrical contact layers, wherein at least one active layer of the device comprises an anthracene compound of formula (I). Devices often have additional hole transport and electron transport layers.

To achieve high efficiency LEDs, the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of the hole transporting material is preferably aligned with the work function of the anode, and the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of the electron transporting material is preferably of the cathode Sorted with work function. The chemical compatibility and sublimation temperature of the materials are also important considerations in selecting electron and hole transport materials.

It is understood that the efficiency of devices made with the anthracene compounds described herein can be further improved by optimizing other layers in the device. For example, more efficient cathodes such as Ca, Ba or LiF can be used. Shaped substrates and novel hole transport materials that lead to a decrease in operating voltage or increase quantum efficiency are also applicable. Additional layers may also be added to match the energy levels of the various layers and to facilitate electroluminescence.

Compounds of the present invention are often photoluminescent and may be useful for applications other than OLEDs, such as oxygen sensitive indicators and luminescent indicators in bioassays.

Example

The following examples illustrate certain features and advantages of the present invention. The examples are intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit it. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Synthesis of Dopant Material

(1) Dopant D6 was prepared as follows.

Synthesis of Intermediate (a):

35 g (300 mM) 2-methyl-2-hexanol and 17.8 g anthracene (100 mM) were added to 50 mL trifluoroacetic acid and refluxed under nitrogen overnight. The solution quickly darkened to a brown heterogeneous material. It was cooled to rt, evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was separated and dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. The resulting solid was extracted with hexane through a silica column and a light yellow solution was recovered. Evaporation gave a yellow thick oil which was recrystallized from acetone / methanol by slow cooling and recrystallization from methanol. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

Synthesis of Intermediate (b):

6.0 g (16 mM) intermediate (a) (pure 2,6 isomer) was placed in 100 ml dichloroethane and 2.10 ml bromine (40 mM) was added dropwise with stirring at room temperature for 4 hours. It was poured into water and sodium sulfate was added to consume residual bromine. Then it was extracted with methylene chloride and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. The resulting material was passed through an alumina column using methylene chloride eluent and then evaporated and methanol was added to precipitate a pale yellow solid. About 7.2 g were obtained.

Synthesis of Intermediate (c):

18.9 g (155 mM) boronic acid was added to 25 g bromo-carbazole (77.7 mM) in a glove box. To this was added 1.0 g Pd2DBA3 (1.0 mM), 0.5 g P (t-Bu) 3 (2.1 mM) and 20 g sodium carbonate (200 mM), all dissolved in 200 ml dioxane and 50 ml water. This was mixed and heated for 1 hour at 50 ° C. in a mantle in a glove box and then warmed overnight under nitrogen (minimum potentiometer setting). The solution was immediately dark purple and dark brown upon reaching about 50 ° C. Outside the glove box water was added to the brown solution and the oily yellow layer was separated. DCM was added and the organic layer was separated. The filtrate was dried over magnesium sulfate to give a bright orange solution, which produced a light solid upon evaporation. After evaporation to a small volume and the addition of hexanes, the white solid was filtered off. The solid was washed well with methanol until the wash was colorless, then rinsed with ether and suction dried to give 21 g of a white solid. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

Synthesis of Intermediate (d):

In a glove box, 0.4 g Pd2DBA3, 0.4 g 1,1'-bis (diphenylphosphine) ferrocene (DPPF) and 4.3 g sodium t-butoxide were mixed together and dissolved in 200 ml xylene. After stirring for 15 minutes, 25 g of 3-iodo-bromobenzene were added. After stirring for 15 minutes, 10 g carbazole was added and the mixture was refluxed. It was refluxed overnight using an air condenser. The solution was immediately dark purple / brown, but when it reached about 80 ° C. it was dark reddish brown and cloudy. After heating close to reflux overnight, the solution was dark brown and transparent. Evaporated in a nitrogen stream outside the glove box, then dissolved in DCM and extracted (soxhlet) through a bed of silica and basic alumina (laminated in soxhlet) using DCM / hexanes. The dark orange solution was collected and evaporated to dryness. Dark orange oil remained. It was washed with methanol, then dissolved in ether and reprecipitated with methanol. The orange brown oil was evaporated to a small volume in ether and then acetone / methanol was added to precipitate off-white solids to yield about 6.4 g. It was collected by filtration, washed with a small amount of acetone and suction dried. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

Synthesis of Intermediate (e)

1.7 g amine (0.01 M) was added to 4.8 g of intermediate (d) (0.01 M) in a glove box. To this was added 0.10 g Pd2DBA3 (0.11 mM), 0.045 g P (t-Bu) 3 (0.22 mM) and 1.1 g t-BuONa and all were dissolved in 25 ml toluene. When the catalyst material was added, there was some exotherm. In a mantle in a glove box it was heated at 80 ° C. under nitrogen as a dark brown solution (dark) for 2 hours. After cooling, the solution was worked up by β-alumina chromatography eluting with DCM. A dark yellow solution with light purple / blue photoluminescence was collected. It was evaporated to a small volume in nitrogen to form a viscous orange oil which solidified to a dark yellow glass upon cooling. It was stirred in methanol / DCM, crystallized as a light yellow / white solid and about 5 g were obtained. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

Synthesis of Dopant D6:

In a glove box, 1.81 g of intermediate (b) (2.5 mM) was added 2.81 g (5 mM) of intermediate (e) and 0.5 g of t-BuONa (5 mM) with 50 ml toluene. To this was added 0.2 g Pd2DBA3 (0.2 mM), 0.08 g P (t-Bu) 3 (0.4 mM) dissolved in 10 mL toluene. After mixing, the solution exotherm slowly and turned tan. It was mixed and heated at about 100 ° C. for 1 hour under nitrogen in a mantle in a glove box. The solution was immediately dark purple, but dark yellow-green with a pronounced green luminescence upon reaching about 80 ° C. Stirred overnight at the minimum potentiometer setting. After cooling, the material was removed from the glove box and eluted with toluene and methylene chloride and filtered through an acidic alumina plug. The dark orange solution was evaporated to low volume. This was passed through a silica column (using 60:40 toluene: hexanes). A yellow-orange solution was collected which showed a blue leading spot on TLC. It was redissolved in hexane: toluene (80:20), eluted with 80% hexane / toluene and passed through acidic alumina. The faster advancing blue bands (anthracene and monoaminated anthracene) were discarded. The resulting yellow band was evaporated to low volume and crystallized from toluene / acetone / methanol. It was washed with methanol and hexane and suction dried to give a free flowing microcrystalline yellow powder. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

(2) dopant D12, N6, N12-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -N6, N12-bis (4 "-isopropylterphenyl-4-yl) crissen-6,12-diamine Prepared as.

In a drybox, 6,12-dibromocrysene (0.54 g, 1.38 mmol), N- (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -N- (4'-isopropylterphenyl-4-yl) amine (1.11 g, 2.82 mmol), tris (tert-butyl) phosphine (0.028 g, 0.14 mmol) and tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (0.063 g, 0.069 mmol) were combined in a round bottom flask and 20 mL Was dissolved in dry toluene. The solution was stirred for 1 min and then sodium tert-butoxide (0.29 g, 3.03 mmol) and 10 mL of dry toluene were added. A heating mantle was added and the reaction heated to 60 ° C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a 1 inch plug of 1 inch of celite and silica gel while washing with toluene (500 mL). The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid. The crude product was further purified by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient of chloroform in hexanes (0% to 40%). Recrystallization from DCM and acetonitrile gave 0.540 g (40%) of the product as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (CDCl ₃ ) is consistent with the structural formula.

(3) dopant D13, N6, N12-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -N6, N12-bis (4 "-tert-octylterphenyl-4-yl) crissen-6,12-diamine, Prepared using a procedure similar to the synthesis of D12.

Comparative Example A

This comparative example illustrates the preparation of comparative compound A, which is a non-deuterated compound.

This compound can be prepared according to the following scheme:

Synthesis of Compound 2:

To a 3 L flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel, thermometer and N ₂ bubbler was added 54 g (275.2 mmol) of anthrone in 1.5 L dry methylene chloride. The flask was cooled in an ice bath and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undes-7-ene ("DBU"), 83.7 mL (559.7 mmol), was added over a 1.5 hour by a descending funnel. The solution turned orange, became opaque, and then turned deep red. To the still cold solution, 58 ml (345.0 mmol) of triple anhydride was added over about 1.5 hours via syringe while maintaining the temperature of the solution below 5 ° C. After allowing the reaction to proceed for 3 hours at room temperature, an additional 1 ml of triple anhydride was added and stirring was continued for 30 minutes at RT. 500 mL water was added slowly and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 3 × 200 mL dichloromethane (“DCM”), the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give a red oil. Column chromatography on silica gel followed by recrystallization from hexanes gave 43.1 g (43%) of tan powder.

Synthesis of Compound 3:

Anthracene-9-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (6.0 g, 18.40 mmol), naphthalen-2-yl-boronic acid (in a 200 ml Kjeldahl reaction flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar in a nitrogen-filled glove box) 3.78 g 22.1 mmol), potassium triphosphate (17.50 g, 82.0 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (0.41 g, 1.8 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (0.52 g, 1.8 mmol) and THF (100 mL) Added. After taking out of the dry box, the reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen and degassed water (50 mL) was added by syringe. Then, a condenser was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC. When complete, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The organic fractions were combined, washed with brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was washed with acetone and hexanes and filtered. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel gave 4.03 g (72%) of the product as a light yellow crystalline material.

Synthesis of Compound 4:

11.17 g (36.7 mmol) of 9- (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene were suspended in 100 mL of DCM. 6.86 g (38.5 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide were added and the mixture was stirred under illumination of a 100 W lamp. Precipitation occurred after the formation of a yellow clear solution. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture was partially concentrated to remove methylene chloride and then crystallized from acetonitrile to give 12.2 g of pale yellow crystals (87%).

Synthesis of Compound 7:

In a nitrogen-filled glove box, naphthalen-1-yl-1-boronic acid (14.2 g, 82.6 mmol), 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene (25.8 g, 91.2 mmol), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (1.2 g, 1.4 mmol), sodium carbonate (25.4 g, 240 mmol), and toluene (120 mL) were added. After taking out of the dry box, the reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen and degassed water (120 mL) was added by syringe. The reaction flask was then installed with a condenser and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 15 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The organic fractions were combined and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield a yellow oil. Purification by column chromatography using silica gel gave 13.6 g of clear oil (58%).

Synthesis of Compound 6:

4-bromophenyl-1-naphthalene (28.4 g, 10.0 mmol), bis (pinacholate) diboron (40.8 g, 16.0 mmol) in a 1-liter flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar, reflux condenser connected to a nitrogen line and an oil bath ), Pd (dppf) ₂ Cl ₂ (1.64 g, 2.0 mmol) _, potassium acetate (19.7 g, 200 mmol), and DMSO (350 mL) were added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes and then Pd (dppf) ₂ Cl ₂ (1.64 g, 0.002 mol) was added. The mixture gradually turned dark brown during the process. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 ° C. (oil bath) for 18 h under nitrogen. After cooling the mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with chloroform (3 ×). The organic layer was washed with water (3x) and saturated brine (1x) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and solvent removal, the residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column. Fractions containing product were combined and solvent removed by rotary evaporator. The resulting white solid was crystallized from hexane / chloroform and dried at 40 ° C. in a vacuum oven to give the product as white crystalline flakes (15.0 g in 45% yield). 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectra match the expected structure.

Synthesis of Comparative Compound A

(2.00 g, 5.23 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2- (4- (naphthalen-4-yl) phenyl) -1,3,2-dioxabo in 250 ml flask in glove box Rolan (1.90 g, 5.74 mmol), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipaldium (0) (0.24 g, 0.26 mmol), And toluene (50 mL) was added. The reaction flask was removed from the dry box and a condenser and nitrogen inlet were installed. Degassed aqueous sodium carbonate (2 M, 20 mL) was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated to 90 ° C. overnight. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. After cooling to room temperature, the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was washed twice with DCM, the organic layers combined and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give a gray powder. Purification by filtration on neutral alumina, hexane precipitation, and column chromatography on silica gel gave 2.28 g of white powder (86%).

The product was further purified as described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008-0138655, achieving at least 99.9% HPLC purity and up to 0.01 impurity absorbance.

¹ H NMR spectrum of Compound A is provided in FIG. 2.

Example 1

This example illustrates the preparation of compound H14, which is a compound having Formula I.

To a solution of deuterated benzene or benzene-D6 (C ₆ D ₆ ) (100 mL) of Comparative Compound A (5 g, 9.87 mmol) from Comparative Example A was added AlCl ₃ (0.48 g, 3.6 mmol) It was. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 6 h before D ₂ O (50 mL) was added. After separating the layers the aqueous layer was washed with CH ₂ Cl ₂ (2 × 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and the volatiles were removed on a rotary evaporator. The crude product was purified by column chromatography. Deuterated product H1 (x + y + n + m = 21-23) was obtained as a white powder (4.5 g).

The product was further purified as described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008-0138655, achieving at least 99.9% HPLC purity and up to 0.01 impurity absorbance. From the above, it was determined that the present substance had the same level of purity as that of Comparative Compound A.

¹ H NMR (CD ₂ Cl ₂ ) and ASAP-MS are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. The compound had a structure provided below:

Here, "D / H" indicates that the probability of H or D at these atomic positions is approximately equal. ^The structure was confirmed by ¹ H NMR, ¹³ C NMR, ² D NMR and ¹ H- ¹³ C HSQC (Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence).

Example 2 and Example 3 and Comparative Example B and Comparative Example C

These examples illustrate the fabrication and performance of devices with blue emitters.

The device had the following structure on a glass substrate:

Anode = indium tin oxide (ITO): 50 nm

Hole injection layer = HIJ1 (50 nm) (which is an aqueous dispersion of electrically conductive polymer and polymeric fluorinated sulfonic acid) Such materials are described, for example, in US Patent Application Publications 2004/0102577, 2004/0127637, No. 2005/0205860, and WO 2009/018009.

Hole transport layer = polymer P1 (20 nm), which is a non-crosslinked arylamine polymer

Electroactive layer = 13: 1 host: dopant (40 nm) (as shown in Table 1)

Electron transport layer = ET1 (metal quinolate derivative (10 nm))

Cathode = CsF / Al (1.0 / 100 nm)

[Table 1]

OLED devices were fabricated by a combination of solution treatment and thermal evaporation techniques. Patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from Thin Film Devices, Inc. (Thin Film Devices, Inc) were used. This ITO substrate is based on Corning 1737 glass coated with ITO with a sheet resistance of 30 ohm / square and a light transmittance of 80%. The patterned ITO substrates were ultrasonically cleaned in an aqueous detergent solution and rinsed with distilled water. The patterned ITO was then ultrasonically washed in acetone, rinsed with isopropanol and dried in a stream of nitrogen.

Immediately before device fabrication, the cleaned and patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after cooling, the aqueous dispersion of HIJ1 was spin coated onto the ITO surface and heated to remove solvent. After cooling, the substrate was then spin coated with a solution of hole transport material and then heated to remove solvent. After cooling, the substrate was spin coated with a light emitting layer solution and heated to remove the solvent. The substrate was masked and placed in a vacuum chamber. Thermal evaporation then deposited the electron transport layer followed by a layer of CsF. The mask was then changed in vacuo and a layer of Al was deposited by thermal evaporation. The chamber was vented and the device was encapsulated using a glass lid, desiccant, and UV curable epoxy.

OLED samples were characterized by measuring their (1) current-voltage (I-V) curves, (2) electroluminescence radiance versus voltage, and (3) electroluminescence spectrum versus voltage. All three measurements were performed simultaneously and controlled by computer. The current efficiency of the device at a given voltage is determined by dividing the electroluminescent radiance of the LED by the current required to operate the device. The unit is cd / A. Power efficiency is current efficiency multiplied by pi and divided by operating voltage. The unit is lm / W. Device data is given in Table 2.

TABLE 2

It can be seen that using the deuterated host of the present invention greatly increases the lifetime of the device while maintaining other device characteristics. When emitter D12 was used, the comparative devices with non-deuterated hosts (Comparative Examples B-1 to B-4) had an average expected T50 of 10,649 hours. When the deuterated analog host H14 was used (Examples 2-1 to 2-4), the device had an average expected T50 of 20,379 hours. When emitter D13 was used, the comparative elements (C-1 and C-2) had an average expected T50 of 15,637 hours. When the deuterated analog host H14 was used (3-1 and 3-2), the average expected T50 was 24,807 hours.

Example 4

This example illustrates the preparation of some deuterated intermediate compounds that can be used to synthesize compounds having Formula I, with controlled levels of deuterated.

Intermediate 4A:

Anhydrous cupric bromide (45 g, 0.202 mol) was added all at once to a solution of anthracene-d10 (18.8 g, 0.10 mol) in CCl4 (500 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred and heated at reflux for 12 hours. Brown cupric chloride is slowly converted to white cuprous bromide, and hydrogen bromide is slowly produced (coupled to a base bath absorber). At the end of the reaction, the cuprous bromide was removed by filtration and a carbon tetrachloride solution was passed through a 35 mm chromatography column filled with 200 g of alumina. The column is eluted with 200 mL of CH 2 Cl 2. The combined eluents were evaporated to dryness to afford 24 g (87%) of 9-bromoanthracene-d9 as a lemon-yellow solid. It contains impurities of starting materials (about 2%) and dibromo-by-products (about 2%). This material was used directly for further coupling reactions without purification. The intermediate can be further purified by recrystallization with hexane or cyclohexane to afford pure compounds.

Intermediate 4B:

To d5-bromobenzene (MW 162, 100 g, 0.617 mol) was added a mixed solvent of 93 mL of 50% H ₂ SO ₄ and 494 mL of HOAc at room temperature. Then, finely divided I ₂ (MW 254, 61.7 g, 0.243 mol) was added, followed by finely divided NaIO ₄ (MW 214, 26.4 g, 0.123 mol). The mixture was stirred vigorously for 4 hours and heated to 90 ° C. The dark purple solution turned into a pale orange mixture containing a very fine white precipitate. The mixture was left to cool to room temperature overnight. During this time, the product precipitated out as a microcrystalline plate. The mixture was filtered and washed twice with 10% sodium thiosulfate Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ (50 mL) followed by water. It was dissolved in CH ₂ Cl ₂ and the flash column run. 124 g (70%) of a bright yellow, crystalline material was obtained. The filtrate was extracted with CH ₂ Cl ₂ (50 mL × 3), CH ₂ Cl ₂ combined, washed _twice with 10% sodium thiosulfate Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ (50 mL) followed by water. After drying and solvent evaporation, the flash column was run to yield an additional 32 g of pure product (17.5%). The total is 156 g (88% yield).

Intermediate 4C:

Hydrobromic acid (MW: 81, d = 1.49, 100 g; 67.5 mL of 49% aqueous solution; 0.6 mol) and CH2Cl2 (800 mL): of naphthalene-d8 (MW 136, 68 g, 0.5 mol) in H20 (80 mL) Hydrogen peroxide (FW: 34, d = 1.1 g / ml, 56 g; 51.5 ml of 30% aqueous solution; 0.5 mol) was slowly added to the stirred solution over a period of 30 minutes at 10-15 ° C. The reaction was left at room temperature for 40 hours while monitoring the progress of the reaction by TLC. After completion of bromination, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was washed twice with 10% sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 (50 mL) followed by water. Pure product was isolated by flash column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh) using hexane (100%) and subsequent distillation to give pure 1-bromo-naphthalene-d7 as a clear liquid, 85 g, Yield is approximately 80%.

Intermediate 4D:

1-bromonaphthalene-d7 (21.4 g, 0.10 mol) in 300 mL of dry 1,4-dioxane, bis (pinacolato) diboron (38 g, 0.15 mol), potassium acetate (19.6 g, 0.20 mol) The mixture of was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (dppf) ₂ Cl ₂ -CH ₂ Cl ₂ (1.63 g, 0.002 mol) was added. The mixture was heated at 100 ° C. (oil bath) for 18 h. After cooling the mixture was filtered through Celite and then concentrated to 50 mL, then water was added and extracted three times with ether (100 mL × 3). The organic layer was washed with water (3 ×) and brine (1 ×), dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was provided on a silica gel column (eluent: hexane) to give a white liquid, which had by-products of naphthalene and diboronic acid esters. Thus, further purification was carried out by distillation to give a viscous clear liquid. Yield, 21 g, 82%.

Intermediate 4E:

To a mixture of 1-bromo-4-iodo-benzene-D4 (10.95 g, 0.0382 mol) and 1-naphthaleneboronic acid ester-D7 (10.0 g, 0.0383 mol) in toluene (300 mL) was added Na ₂ CO ₃ ( 12.6 g, 0.12 mol) and H 2 O (50 mL), Aliquat (3 g) were added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (PPh 3) 4 (0.90 g, 2%) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling, the reaction mixture was separated and the organic layer was washed with water, separated, dried and concentrated. Silica was added and concentrated. After evaporation of the residual solvent, the flash column was run using hexane as eluent to afford the crude product. Further purification was carried out by distillation (collecting at 135-140 ° C./13.3 Pa (135-140 ° C./100 mtorr)) to give a clear viscous liquid (8.76 g, yield 78%).

Intermediate 4F:

1-Bromo-phenyl-4-naphthalene-d11 (22 g, 0.075 mol) in 200 mL of dry 1,4-dioxane, bis (pinacolato) diboron (23 g, 0.090 mol), potassium acetate (22 g, 0.224 mol) was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (dppf) ₂ Cl ₂ -CH ₂ Cl ₂ (1.20 g, 0.00147 mol) was added. The mixture was heated at 100 ° C. (oil bath) for 18 h. After cooling the mixture was filtered through celite and then concentrated to 50 mL, then water was added and extracted three times with ether (100 mL × 3). The organic layer was washed with water (3 ×) and brine (1 ×), dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was provided on a silica gel column (eluent: hexane) to give a white liquid, which had by-products of naphthalene and diboronic acid esters. Thus, further purification was performed by running the silica gel column again using hexane as eluent. After evaporating the solvent and concentrating with about 80 mL hexane and white crystal product was formed, it was filtered to give 20.1 g of product, yield 81%.

Intermediate 4G:

To Intermediate 4A (18.2 g) and Intermediate 4F boronic acid ester (25.5 g) in toluene (500 mL) Na ₂ CO ₃ (31.8 g) and H ₂ O (120 mL), Aliquat® (5 g) Was added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (PPh 3) 4 (1.5 g, 1.3%) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling, the reaction mixture was separated and the organic layer was washed with water, separated, dried, concentrated to about 50 mL and poured into MeOH. The solid was filtered to give a yellow crude product (about 28.0 g). The crude product was washed with water, HCl (10%), water and methanol. It was redissolved in CHCl ₃ , dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. The filtrate was added to silica gel, concentrated and dried, purified on silica gel (0.5 Kg) using only hexane as eluent (passing a total of 50 L of hexane --- using only 5 L of hexane Recycling) to give a white product.

Intermediate 4H:

In an ice bath cooled solution of 9- (4-naphthalen-1-yl) phenylanthracene-D20, intermediate 4G (MW 400.6, 20.3 g, 0.05 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (450 mL), dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (150 mL). Bromine (MW 160, 8.0 g, 0.05 mol) was added slowly (20 minutes). The reaction took place immediately and the color turned bright yellow. A solution of Na 2 S 2 O 3 (2M 100 mL) was added and stirred for 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was then separated and the organic phase washed with Na 2 CO 3 (10%, 50 mL) and then three times with water. After separation it was dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was then evaporated until 100 ml remained. Pour into methanol (200 mL) and filter to give 23.3 g of pure compound (MW 478.5, yield 97.5%). HPLC shows 100% purity.

Intermediate 4I:

Naphthalene-D8 (13.6 g, 0.10 mol), bis (pinacolato) diboron (27.93 g, 0.11 mol), di-mu-methoxobis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) diiridium (I) [Ir (OMe) COD] ₂ (1.35 g, 2 mmol, 2%) and a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (1.1 g, 4 mmol) were added to cyclohexane (200 Ml). The mixture was degassed with N2 for 15 minutes and then heated at 85 ° C. (oil bath) overnight (dark brown solution). The mixture was passed through a pad of silica gel. Fractions were collected and concentrated to dryness. Hexane was added. The filtrate was concentrated (liquid) and passed through a silica gel column rinsing with hexane to give a clear liquid, which was not pure, purified again with a silica gel column rinsing with hexane and then 135 ° C./0.013 Pa (135 ° C.) / 100mmtorr) to give a pure white viscous liquid which solidified to give a white powder (18.5 g, yield 70%).

Intermediate 4J:

To a round bottom flask (100 mL) was added 9-bromoanthracene-d9 (MW 266, 2.66 g, 0.01 mol), naphthalene-2-boronic acid (MW 172, 1.72 g, 0.01 mol), followed by toluene (30 Ml) was added. The mixture was purged with N 2 for 10 minutes. Then Na ₂ CO ₃ (2M, 10 mL (2.12 g) 0.02 mol) dissolved in water (10 mL) was added. The mixture was continuously purged with N ₂ for 10 minutes. A catalytic amount of Pd (PPh ₃ ) ₄ (0.25 g, 2.5%, 0.025 mmol) was added. The mixture was refluxed overnight. The separated organic phase was then poured into methanol and washed with water, HCl (10%), water and methanol. 2.6 g of pure white product were obtained. (Yield 83%).

Intermediate 4K:

A solution of 9-2′-naphthyl-anthracene-d9, intermediate 4J (2.6 g, 0.0083 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of bromine (1.33 g, 0.0083 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL) and 30 Stir for minutes. A solution of Na 2 S 2 O 3 (2M 10 mL) was added and stirred for 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was then separated and the organic phase washed with Na 2 CO 3 (10%, 10 mL) and then three times with water. After separation it was dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was then evaporated until 20 ml remained. Pour into methanol (100 mL) and filter to give pure compound (3.1 g, yield 96%).

Intermediate 4L:

9-bromoanthracene-D9, intermediate 4K (2.66 g, 0.01 mol) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2- (naphthalen-2-yl-D7) -1 in toluene (about 60 mL), To a mixture of 3,2-dioxaborolane (2.7 g, 0.011 mol) was added Na ₂ CO ₃ (4.0 g, 0.04 mol) and H 2 O (20 mL). The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (PPh ₃ ) ₄ (0.20 g, 2.0%) was added. The mixture was refluxed (yellow solid) under nitrogen atmosphere for 18 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture, it was poured into MeOH (200 mL). The solid was filtered to give a yellow crude product. The crude product was washed with water and methanol. It was redissolved in CHCl ₃ , dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. The filtrate was added to silica gel, concentrated and dried and purified on silica gel using hexane as eluent to afford pure product (3.0 g, 94% yield).

Intermediate 4M:

A solution of 9-2′-naphthyl-anthracene-d9, intermediate 4L (2.8 g 0.00875 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of bromine (1.4 g, 0.00875 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL) and 30 min. Was stirred. Then a solution of Na 2 S 2 O 3 (2M 10 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was then separated and the organic phase washed with Na 2 CO 3 (10%, 10 mL) and then three times with water. After separation it was dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was then evaporated until 20 ml remained. Pour into methanol (100 mL) and filter to give pure compound (3.3 g, yield 95%).

Example 5

This example illustrates the synthesis of compound H8 from intermediate 4H and intermediate 4I.

9-bromo-10- (4-naphthalen-1-yl) phenylanthracene-D19 intermediate 4H (14.84 g, 0.031 mol) and 2-naphthalene boronic acid ester intermediate 4I (10.0 g, 0.038 mol) in DME (350 mL) ) Was added K ₂ CO ₃ (12.8 g, 0.093 mol) and H 2 O (40 mL). The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Then Pd (PPh 3) 4 (0.45 g, 1.3%) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling the reaction mixture was concentrated to about 150 mL and poured into MeOH. The solid was filtered to give a light yellow crude product. The crude product was washed with water and methanol. It was redissolved in CHCl ₃ , dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. The filtrate was added to silica gel, concentrated and dried and purified over silica gel (0.5 Kg) using hexanes: chloroform (3: 1) as eluent to afford a white product (15 g, 91% yield).

Example 6

This example illustrates the synthesis of compound H11 from intermediate 4K.

In a round bottom flask (100 mL) 9-bromo-10- (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, intermediate 4K (1.96 g, 0.05 mol), 4- (naphthalen-1-yl) phenylboronic acid (1.49 g, 0.06 mol) was added followed by toluene (30 mL). The mixture was purged with N 2 for 10 minutes. Then Na ₂ CO ₃ (1.90 g, 0.018 mol) dissolved in water (8 mL) was added, followed by Aliquat® (1 mL). The mixture was continuously purged with N 2 for 10 minutes. A catalytic amount of Pd (PPh 3) 4 (116 mg) was added. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After separation of the aqueous phase, the organic layer was poured into methanol (100 mL) to collect a white solid. This was filtered and further purification was carried out by running a silica gel column using chloroform: hexane (1: 3) to give pure white compound (2.30 g, 90% yield).

Example 7

This example illustrates the synthesis of compound H9 from intermediate 4K and intermediate 4F.

In a round bottom flask (100 mL) 9-bromo-10- (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene-D8, intermediate 4K (0.70 g, 0.0018 mol), 4- (naphthalen-1-yl) phenylboronic acid-D11 , Intermediate 4F (0.7 g, 0.002 mol) was added followed by toluene (10 mL). The mixture was purged with N 2 for 10 minutes. Then, Na ₂ CO ₃ (0.64 g, 0.006 mol) dissolved in water (3 mL) was added, followed by 0.1 mL of Aliquat®. The mixture was continuously purged with N 2 for 10 minutes. A catalytic amount of Pd (PPh 3) 4 (0.10 g) was added. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After separation of the aqueous phase, the organic layer was poured into methanol (100 mL) to collect a white solid. This was filtered and further purification was carried out by running a silica gel column using chloroform: hexane (1: 3) to give pure white compound (0.90 g, yield 95%).

Compound H10, compound H12, and compound H13 were prepared in a similar manner.

Examples 8-10 and Comparative Example D and Comparative Example E

These examples illustrate the fabrication and performance of devices with blue emitters.

The device had the following structure on a glass substrate:

Anode = ITO (50 nm)

Hole injection layer = HIJ1 (50 nm).

Hole transport layer = polymer P1 (20 nm)

Electroactive layer = 13: 1 host: dopant (40 nm) (as shown in Table 3)

Electron transport layer = ET1 (10 nm)

Cathode = CsF / Al (1.0 / 100 nm)

[Table 3]

OLED devices were fabricated by a combination of solution treatment and thermal evaporation techniques. Patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from Thin Film Devices, Inc. (Thin Film Devices, Inc) were used. This ITO substrate is based on Corning 1737 glass coated with ITO with a sheet resistance of 30 ohm / square and a light transmittance of 80%. The patterned ITO substrates were ultrasonically cleaned in an aqueous detergent solution and rinsed with distilled water. The patterned ITO was then ultrasonically washed in acetone, rinsed with isopropanol and dried in a stream of nitrogen.

Immediately before device fabrication, the cleaned and patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after cooling, the aqueous dispersion of HIJ1 was spin coated onto the ITO surface and heated to remove solvent. After cooling, the substrate was then spin coated with a solution of hole transport material and then heated to remove solvent. After cooling, the substrate was spin coated with a light emitting layer solution and heated to remove the solvent. The substrate was masked and placed in a vacuum chamber. Thermal evaporation then deposited the electron transport layer followed by a layer of CsF. The mask was then changed in vacuo and a layer of Al was deposited by thermal evaporation. The chamber was vented and the device was encapsulated using a glass lid, desiccant, and UV curable epoxy.

OLED samples were characterized by measuring their (1) current-voltage (I-V) curves, (2) electroluminescent radiance versus voltage, and (3) electroluminescence spectrum versus voltage. All three measurements were performed simultaneously and controlled by computer. The current efficiency of the device at a given voltage is determined by dividing the electroluminescent radiance of the LED by the current required to operate the device. The unit is cd / A. Power efficiency is current efficiency multiplied by pi and divided by operating voltage. The unit is lm / W. Device data is given in Table 4.

[Table 4]

It can be seen that using the deuterated host of the present invention greatly increases the lifetime of the device while maintaining other device characteristics. Average life expectancy for various hosts is provided in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5

Example 11 and Comparative Example F

This example shows the fabrication and performance of a device having a green dopant, a first host having Formula I, and an electroactive layer having a second host material. The electron transport material was ET2 shown below.

The device had the following structure on a glass substrate:

Anode = ITO (50 nm)

Hole injection layer = HIJ2 (50 nm), which is an aqueous dispersion of electrically conductive polymer and polymeric fluorinated sulfonic acid. No. 2005/0205860, and WO 2009/018009.

Hole transport layer = polymer P1 (20 nm)

Electroactive layer = 82.5: 5: 12.5 first host: second host: dopant (60 nm) (as shown in Table 6)

Electron transport layer = ET2 (10 nm).

Cathode = CsF / Al (0.7 / 100 nm)

TABLE 6

Devices were fabricated and evaluated as described in Examples 8-10. Device data is provided in Table 7.

TABLE 7

It can be seen that using the deuterated host of the present invention greatly increases the lifetime of the device while maintaining other device characteristics. Even in the presence of a non-deuterated second host material, the expected life is more than doubled.

It should be understood that not all of the actions described above in the general description or the embodiments may be required, that some portions of the specific actions may not be required, and that one or more additional actions may be performed in addition to those described. Also, the order in which the actions are listed is not necessarily the order in which they are performed.

In the foregoing specification, the concepts have been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, any benefit, advantage, solution to a problem, and any feature (s) that can generate or become apparent any benefit, advantage, or solution are very important to any or all of the claims, or It should not be construed as a required or essential feature.

It is to be understood that certain features are described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity and may also be provided in combination with a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in connection with a single embodiment for the sake of simplicity may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. In addition, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range.

Claims (15)

An aryl-substituted anthracene compound of formula I having at least one D:
(I)

(here,
R ¹ to R ⁸ are the same or different at each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl;
Ar ¹ and Ar ² are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups;
Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, and aryl groups. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least 10% deuterated. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least 50% deuterated. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is 100% deuterated. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one D is in a substituent group on the aryl ring. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is D. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R ¹ to R ⁸ are selected from H and D. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is selected from alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl, and the remaining of R ¹ to R ⁸ are selected from H and D. The compound of claim 8, wherein R ² is selected from alkyl and aryl. The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein at least one of Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ is deuterated aryl. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from D and deuterated aryl. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar ¹ to Ar ⁴ are at least 20% deuterated. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar ¹ and Ar ² are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, and deuterated derivatives thereof. The compound of claim 5, wherein Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, deuterated derivatives thereof, and groups having the formula :
[Formula II]

(here,
R ⁹ is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, siloxane and silyl, or adjacent R ⁹ groups can be linked together to form an aromatic ring;
m is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 1 to 6). The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar ³ and Ar ⁴ are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, deuterated derivatives thereof, and a group having formula III:
[Formula III]

(here,
R ⁹ is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, siloxane and silyl, or adjacent R ⁹ groups can be linked together to form an aromatic ring;
m is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 1 to 6).

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