KR20120027141A - Functional system for a cement-mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement - Google Patents

Abstract

This functional system for cement mortar panels 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 with prestressed biaxial stiffeners 136, 161 is specifically preloaded with cement mortar with prestressed biaxial stiffeners 136, 161. The panels 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 of the type being manufactured consist of a system which contributes to the physical and formal under the conditions of efficiency and maximum safety and contributes to the handling and use, where the cement mortar panel is Embedded in a mass of the multipurpose operating means 100, 157, 171, 175, 196, 217 on the panel ensemble 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 to allow handling and / or fixing to the suspension means for the structure. The system further comprises means for controlling stationary movements and seismic phenomena of the building, means for reducing moisture inside the building and means for reducing the ingress of moisture inside the panel.

Description

Functional system for cement-mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement

The present invention relates to a functional system for cement mortar panels with prestressed biaxial reinforcement. In the present invention, the system is understood to be an ensemble of items that contribute to the generally good quality of the panel when related together in an ordered manner. On the other hand, the functionality is understood to be all related to the design or configuration of the system in pursuit of ease, practicality and ease of use.

Precisely it contributes to the ensemble of the material, ie the system's functional, physical, formal and functional composition, in its application to preformed forms of cement mortar, allowing it to be handled and used under maximum safety and efficiency conditions. It consists of a system of things. In building construction, the panel is for closing the openings of the building structure, both of which have external openings, in which case it has a visible surface decorated to form a facade, and an interior opening delimiting the terrace of the building. In this case they do not need any decoration on their visible surface. The panel is formed by a cement mortar panel, the cement mortar panel having a thickness of 2 to 7 cm and having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement formed by two series of prestressed cables or rods, one Those of the same series are parallel and equidistant to each other, while the series intersect at right angles to each other without being fixedly attached to each other to form a reinforcing grating.

Applicant discloses the International Publication No. WO 2008/139003 relating to a prefabricated cement mortar panel having a biaxial reinforcement comprising variants of elements of a functional system that are compatible or replaceable with new elements having the same function or innovative features. It is the owner of the patent application PCT / ES2007 / 000706.

In the above international patent application, no specific features or elements thereof are included in the functional system which makes the cement mortar panel with which they have improved convenient conditions while at the same time they improve stability and their safe features.

Without sacrificing the qualities of the functional system, this solution consists of some of the previous system elements, such as multipurpose operating means, in which their influences on the outside of the panel are more neutral and better tolerate climatic conditions, Means for controlling seismic phenomena and fixed movements of the building have been introduced to construct suspension means for the structure of the provided building and means for reducing moisture inside the building.

According to the solution, a cement mortar panel embeds versatile operating means in their mass on a panel ensemble, in suspension means for a building structure, in means for controlling seismic phenomena and fixed movements of the building, inside the building. A functional system object of the present invention has been developed which consists in allowing the handling and / or attachment of the panel to means for reducing moisture and means for reducing the ingress of moisture into the panel.

A feature of the present invention is constructed by an elongated body in which the multipurpose operating means on the panel ensemble is formed by a thick flat bar to allow handling and / or attachment of suspension means to the structure of a building, the thick flat bar being In the omega shape two transverse arms form a central rectangular arch flanked, the transverse arms being symmetrical and coplanar with respect to the central rectangular arch and the main retaining of the body in the mortar. Forming a means, said central portion of said central rectangular arch being a threaded through-hole for sequential insertion of handling means and anchoring means and for example said intermediate arms of said panel in which said bilateral reinforcements are located; Having dimensions of the ensemble to allow it to be located in an inner region A.

Another feature of the invention is suitable for a metal structure formed by vertical upright profiles and horizontal cross-member profiles, with the object of facilitating suspending structural panels in a building with a reinforced concrete structure, and reinforced concrete Configured by arranging a plurality of clamps provided with stable fixing means at the edges of the bottom structural slabs of the structure, the clamps being individually arranged in a vertical alignment at the edges and over the rear surfaces of the structural panels. A prestressed biaxial stiffener, characterized by forming coaxial vertical guide rows for receiving and fixing the upright profiles connected together by cross-members to which a provided suspension means is installed and attached. To have.

 Other features related to the above are, in one case, bridge-like as means for fixing the bushing to the edge of the flooring slab to a position suitable for the vertical passage of the upright profiles. fashion) two lugs comprising a rectangular bushing or ring having the same plane as one of the faces, the lugs providing a means for anchoring the bushing to the edge of the building floor structural slab. Equipped. At the same time the front face of the bushing, which is found at a position opposite the seating surface of the bushing on the edge of the flooring slab, has a vertical elongated hole. In other cases, the clamps are formed by a folded flat bar portion, the folded flat bar portion forming two rectangular arcs and forming the horizontal fixing means of the bushing up to the edge of the building floor construction slab. It extends orthogonally at both free ends of the same symmetrical plane lugs.

Another feature of the invention is the application of the case where the multipurpose operating means on the panel ensemble is formed by plugs formed by a short thick body to allow handling and / or attachment of the suspension means to the structure of the building. It is possible. Therefore, the side region of the short thick body included between the anchoring means and the fixing means having an end region of the same height as the surface of the hidden surface of the panel has a range of the side surface of the side region and thermal expansion and / or the body. Or irregularities that increase the distance to be covered on the side surface by any moisture that can penetrate into the spaces that may form between the cement mortar of the panel inserted as a result of shrinkage.

Other features of the invention in connection with the above consist of:

1. The short thick body basically has the configuration of the group formed by conical surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, elliptical surfaces and prismatic surfaces in the side region.

2. The surface irregularities of the side region of the short thick body of the plugs are formed by reliefs protruding from the side surface.

3. The surface irregularities of the side region of the short thick body of the plugs are formed by recesses below the side surface.

4. The protruding reliefs of the surface irregularities on the side of the short thick body of the plugs are included in mutually parallel planes having an annular shape and perpendicular to the axis of the short thick body of the plug.

5. The reliefs of the surface irregularities on the side region of the short thick body of the plugs follow spiral paths with a direction of minimal moisture flow.

6. The external contact line between the plug and the cement mortar may be covered and closed with a washer that constitutes a sealing joint arrangement.

Another feature of the invention is particularly applicable to walls for buildings with ecological features, the facades of the buildings being fixed to a metal structure which is connected to a complete metal independent structure or a reinforced concrete structure and the panels and the metal structure The front support structure, which is preferably formed by prefabricated cement mortar panels with a thickness of about 3 cm forming a ventilation chamber therebetween, is metal or mixed, the front support structure thereof. Wherein the front surface faces the rear of the prefabricated front panels which form the ventilation chamber contained inside the ventilation chamber and are completely covered by a breathable sheet, the sheet merely being the For the air and moisture inside the building and from the interior of the building As a single direction towards the member only to the air-permeable.

Other features of the present invention that are closely related to each other and / or the above features are as follows:

1. a layer of foam mortar over the rear surface of the support structure that is opposite the front surface of the structure comprising the breathable sheet, which is also breathable and protrudes over the abutment surface towards the rear surface of the structure. This provided water repellent breathable board abuts.

2. A water repellent board having one of said faces covered with a raised layer of foam mortar, wherein said covered surface abuts against said rear surface of said support structure, said rear surface being covered by said breathable sheet; It is facing the front.

3. On the face of the water repellent board without the protruding layer of foam mortar, formed by two horizontal "U" shaped profiles and two vertical "C" shaped profiles, receiving a blanket of insulating material And optionally a support frame in which holes for the passage of cables and pipes are provided in the uprights.

4. Two plasterboards abutted face-to-face by abutting the face of the "U" and "C" profile frame opposite the face which is in contact with the water repellent breathable board. An assembly of plasterboards is made and the board 194 close to the interior of the plasterboard is covered with a layer of breathable paint.

5. The blanket of insulating material is composed of a self-supporting semi-rigid material and possibly disposed between the water repellent breathable board and the assembly of plasterboards without the support of the metal profiles frame.

6. The layer of breathable foam mortar is composed of a group of materials formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and synthetic fibers.

Another feature of the invention is that the prefabricated panels for closing the structure of the building engage at the threaded through-holes of the utility plug which are embedded in the panel at one end and secured to the panel by a nut, while at the other end Is formed by a threaded rod in which a polygonal seating plate fitted at one of these edges in a channel of a support profile fixedly attached to the building structure by corresponding nuts and locknuts is fixed thereto. A particularly seismic device, which is particularly applicable when arranged with respect to the structure by means of a plurality of fixing members, wherein the functional system is the installation of the polygonal seating plate in the channel of the support profile fixedly attached to the building structure. Locking to Stabilize Removable Seating It is found in fact composed of a stage.

Other features of the invention and details thereof that form the embodiments are described below:

1. The locking means is formed by a retaining profile, the retaining profile being cantilevered fixedly and removably attached to the building structure, and at their free ends, the installation of the polygonal seating plate. It has an elastically flexible inverted channel for engaging one side of the polygonal seating plate opposite the side that is coupled to the channel of the support profile fixedly attached to the building structure for stabilization.

2. The polygonal plates face their support structures and abut their faces hanging on their upper edges on both sides of the upper edge, and the locking means formed by the metal plate pieces are at their centers, the polygonal seating On the upper side of a window in which the fixed locknut of the plate extends freely and on the one hand a horizontal portion of the angled support profile fixedly attached to the structure, on the other hand with the channel of the angled support profile; A lower side bent into a vertical tab fixedly attached through the horizontal portion of the angled support profile to a rigid profile for the profile that fits snugly between the vertical portions of the profile fixedly attached to the support structure Has an end.

3. The window of the metal sheet piece allows rotation of the locknut when the position fixing locknut of the polygonal seating plate protrudes therethrough and handles the locknut to fix the position of the polygonal seating plate. Have dimensions.

4. The solidifying profile has a rectangular right-angle tubular shape and has a length that allows an indefinite length of the angular support profile of the group to be occupied by any length or the whole of a plurality of regularly spaced independent parts. Have

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to facilitate understanding of the above ideas while various details of construction features are disclosed, the following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In view of their fundamentally exemplary characteristics, these figures should be understood to fall short of any limiting scope to the scope of legal protection required.

1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a utility plug according to the invention.
2 is a side view of an embodiment of a means for allowing a panel to be handled when attached to a utility plug.
3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a fixation point of a panel in a building support structure;
4 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a point of a panel with a plug attached to a handling means such as that of FIG. 2;
5 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the panel device as stripped from the mold.
FIG. 6 shows clamp variants, uprights and cross-member variants, both of which reinforce the concrete building structure and the two-axis prestressed reinforcement suspended from the cement mortar panels by clamps; A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the structure of the present invention connected to.
7 is a detailed perspective view of one of the possible embodiments of a clamp attached to the fixed position of the upright and the edge of the floor structural slab of the reinforced concrete building structure, drawn in dashed lines to facilitate observation of the clamp.
FIG. 8, like FIG. 7, is a second embodiment of possible embodiments of clamps attached to edges of floor structure slabs of upright fixed locations and reinforced concrete building structures, drawn in dashed lines to facilitate observation of the clamps. Detailed perspective view of the example.
9 shows the lower ends of a plurality of metal upright profiles fixed to the lower horizontal metal profile at the lower end of the bottom structural slab and a plurality of other metal upright profiles fixed to the upper horizontal metal profile at the upper end, both horizontal metal The profiles are perspective views of a flooring slab mounted on one and the same flooring slab.
10 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an attachable, attachable method of the upper end of an upright metal profile at the point of the upper horizontal metal profile, in the absence of settling of the reinforced concrete structure.
FIG. 11 shows that after a settling movement of the concrete structure has taken place, the attachment of the upper end of the upright metal profile, as shown in the previous figure, is maintained, the upper end of the base wall of the upper horizontal metal profile; Cross section of the method, located nearby.
12 is a cross-sectional front view of a cement mortar panel with a plug formed by a short, thick body according to one previous embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 6, showing a plug formed by a short, thick body according to an embodiment of the present invention in which irregularities protrude from its lateral region.
FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing a plug formed by a short, thick body according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the unevenness forms a recess in its side region;
Figure 15 is a vertical cross sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of a complex wall of the present invention.
16 is a partial perspective and subsequent cross-sectional view of a portion of the composite wall as shown in the previous figures, viewed from the outside;
FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional side view of two anchorage points of the same number of adjacent panels, all in contact with a building support structure provided with an antiseismic device of the present invention.
18 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a fixation point of a panel in an angular support section in accordance with the present subject matter.
FIG. 19 is a front view of a detail of a sheet metal piece showing the arrangement of windows and their relationship with a fixed locknut for positioning of a polygonal seating plate; FIG.

1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a utility plug 100 constructed in accordance with the present invention. The utility plug 100 is made by successive die stamping and folding operations on a thick flat bar. The purpose of this is to obtain an elongated body in which the central rectangular arch 111 constituting the anchoring means 107 is formed as rectangular omega forms. The central rectangular arch 111 is flanked by two lateral arms 112 that make up the retaining means 106. These retaining means 106 are symmetrical about the central rectangular arch 111 and are in the same plane with each other. Retaining means 106 forms the main retaining means of the elongated body in the mass of mortar. Likewise, the central portion 113 of the central rectangular arch 111, acting as a fixing means 107, allows for the sequential insertion of the handling means 108 of FIG. 2 and the fixing means 109 of FIG. 3. Have a central threaded through hole 114.

As shown in FIG. 3, the outer plane A of the central portion 113 coplanar with the hidden surface 104 of the panel 102 and the outer plane B of the same plane of the two side arms 112. ), The utility plug 100 may be arranged such that the side arms 112 are disposed in the middle interior region of the panel 102 where, for example, the cables 105 or rods of the biaxial reinforcement are found. Has a permissible dimension (D).

The figures show that, without excluding other materials, they are preferably formed by a flat bar of ferric material, such as steel. The flat bar can be shaped by a series of die-stamping and pressing operations which in any case do not rule out the possibility of forming it by lost-wax casting or other processes.

In most cases, the elongated body consists of a single solid piece with rounded convex and concave transverse edges 115.

2 shows an embodiment of the handling means 108 for the panel 102. After being combined with the utility plug 100, the handling means 108 allows the utility plug 100 to be handled for its insertion into the panel 102 in its molding step. Finally, it allows demolding and conveying of the panel 102 when in the position shown in FIG.

This handling means 108 for the panel 102 is formed by a steel rod 116 with a threaded one end 117, one end of which is rectangular in the center of the utility plug 100. Releasably coupled to the threaded through hole 114 provided in the central portion 113 of the arch 111. At the other end, the handling means 108 is provided with a throat 118 intended to be secured by the grippers 119A of the conveying device 119, as shown in FIG. 5. In an initial operation, the conveyer 119 is a panel 102 on a texture plate 120A in an environment in which the utility plugs 100 are closed by a closing plate 121 for the open end of the mold 120. Is inserted into the body of a lump of fresh mortar deposited on the forming mold 120. In subsequent operations the handling means 108 allows the panel 102 to be removed from the mold 120 and transferred to the setting fixtures and from the setting fixtures to the store and / or job site.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the operation of installing the panel 102 in the cross-members 128 fixedly attached to the uprights 110 to form a building structure, the fixing members 109 are centered. Into the threaded through holes 114 of the rectangular arch 111. These fastening members 109 are formed by threaded rods 122 engaging at one end to the threaded through holes 114 of the central portion 113 of the central rectangular arch 111, the central rectangular arches. A seating plate secured by the nut 123 to the 111 and simultaneously engaging in the channel 127 of the support cross-member profile 128, which is fixedly attached to the upstanding members 110 of the building structure; 126 is secured there at the other end by the respective nuts 124 and locknuts 125.

6 shows a possible application for the building structure 134 where one can see the deformation of the clamp 129, the upright 130 and the cross-member 131, all of which are through the clamps 129. , Biaxial prestressed reinforcement 136 connected to the edges 132 of the floor structure of the floor structure slab 133 of the reinforced concrete building structure 134 and the cement mortar panel 135 hanging on the building structure 134. )

The cross-members 131 for supporting the outwardly extending suspension means 137 employ a double angle configuration in some cases or in other cases as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, A flat "C with openings at the upper edge for insertion of the seating plates 138 of the suspension means 137 caught in the plugs 139 embedded in the panel 145 between the biaxial prestress stiffeners 136. "The configuration of the rail can be introduced.

6 shows the edges 132 of the flooring slabs 133 by nails 140 or other anchoring means in the concrete through which the clamps 129 pass the lugs 141 of the clamps 129. How it is fixed to At the same time (see FIGS. 7 and 8), in the rectangular bushing 142 associated with the lugs 141, the front face 144 of the rectangular bushing 142 is opened through an elongated hole 145 provided in the front face 144. An upright member 130 secured to the rectangular bushing 142 is received by other means or anchoring members 143 therethrough. Elongated holes 145 allow limited sliding of clamp 129 during fixed movements without affecting the arrangement of the front panels.

7 shows a case where the clamp 129 is formed by a rectangular bushing 142 fixedly attached to the flat bar 146. The free ends of the flat bar 146 are lugs provided by the nails 140 with holes for passing the anchoring means through the edge 132 of the floor structural slab 133 of the reinforced concrete building structure 134. 141 is formed. The front face 144 of the rectangular bushing 142 has the elongated hole 145 for anchoring the upright 130.

FIG. 8 shows a folded flat bar portion 147 that forms a bushing 142 opening in the form of a square arch 148 and extends perpendicularly at both free ends thereof to two coplanar and symmetrical lugs 141. ) Shows the case where the clamp 129A is formed. In addition, both lugs 141 are provided with holes for the passage of the nails 14 which form the fixing means of the opening bushing 142 at the edge 132 of the floor structure slab 133 of the building structure. At the same time, the bushing 142 receives the upright 130 and holds it firmly by the anchoring means 143 through the elongated hole 145.

FIG. 9 illustrates a closed structure for construction, constructed by placing a flexible impermeable sheet 150 formed over an elastomeric material such as, for example, butyl, over a floor structure slab 149. According to how to run.

This sheet 150 is mounted over the bottom structural slab 149 and the upper edge area 150A overlaps the bottom 149 and allows the rest of the sheet 150 to suspend and the edge of the bottom structural slab 149. Cover the central portion 150B, while the other lower edge region 150C remains suspended. The upper edge portion 150A acts as a seat for the lower horizontal metal profile 151, which lower metal profile 151 is called lower relative to the opening of an upper floor, a slightly overhang with respect to the edge of the bottom structural slab 149 and installed therein by screws. The lower horizontal metal profile 151 is compensated in the same planar fashion by the upper horizontal metal profile 152 called upper for the opening of the lower floor. At the same time, the lower edge region 150C of the sheet 150 covers the side of the upper horizontal metal profile 152 disposed over the lower side of the same floor structure slab 149.

Lower 151 and upper 152 horizontal metal profiles disposed in one same opening between two consecutive bottom structural slabs 149 are for supporting upright metal profiles 153, and “U”. As the shaped profiles, they have base walls 151A and 152A and side portions 151B and 152B, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 9, the lower horizontal metal profiles 151 have holes for passing anchoring screws 154 for the lower ends 153A of the upright metal profiles 153 with their side portions. 151B is provided. At the same time, referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the upper ends 153B of these upright metal profiles 153 are two vertical elongated holes 155 provided laterally in the side portions 152B. The upper horizontal metal pile () by screws 156 passing through the arrangement and the vertical elongated holes 155 and fixed to the upper end 153B of the upright metal profile 153. To the corresponding side portions 152B of 152. These screws 156 are any fastening means that allow mutual movement caused by the presence of stresses caused by the settling of any kind of screws, rivets, pins or reinforced concrete. Can be.

FIG. 10 shows a fixed form that can move the upper end 153B of the upright metal profile 153 to the base wall 152A of the upper horizontal metal profile 152. In the illustrated situation, installation of the reinforced concrete structure of the floor slabs 149 does not occur. In this situation the length L of the vertical elongated holes 155 provided in the side portions 152B of the upper horizontal metal profiles 152 is equal to the upper end 153B of the upright metal profile 153 and the upper horizontal. The same or greater than the distance D, provided between the base walls 152A of the metal profile 152, in which case the installation of the reinforcing concrete structure of the building takes place.

11 shows the state of fixation of the upper end 153B of the upright metal profile 153 shown in the previous figure after the stationary movement of the concrete structure has taken place. In this situation, the upper end 153B moves upward to be disposed near the base wall 152A of the upper horizontal metal profile 152.

12, 13 and 14 show examples of plugs made in accordance with the Applicant's technique of the present invention which constitute a means for securing a cement mortar panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement to a building structure. The fixing means comprises a fixing means inside the mesh formed by the reinforcing members in such a manner that the fixing means of the fixing means is received slightly below the prestressed reinforcing members and in the mortar mass except for the visible surface of the panel. Inserted into mortar chunks before setting. In addition, the means for anchoring to the building structure have an area in the same plane as the surface of the hidden surface of the panel.

FIG. 12 shows a plug 157 already disclosed by the applicant of the present invention and formed by a short, thick body 158 with fastening means 159 against the cement mortar mass forming the panel 160. The fastening means 159 is disposed away from the visible surface 162 of the panel 160 over the prestressed biaxial stiffener members 161. At the same time, the body 158 has anchoring means 163 with axial holes 168 threaded in the same area as the surface of the hidden surface 169 of the panel 160. It should be noted that the body 158 has a tapered side surface 170 to improve its fixation within the panel 160.

FIG. 13 is the same feature as the plug 157 of FIG. 12, except that reliefs 174 protruding from the side surface 172 are provided on the side surface 172 of the short and thick body 173. A plug 171 having the same. In the case shown, the reliefs have an annular shape, without precluding that they can introduce other shapes, for example a spiral shape.

FIG. 14 is the same feature as the plug 157 of FIG. 12 except that the lateral surface 176 of the short and thick body 177 of the plug is provided with recesses 178 lower than the height of the lateral surface 176. The plug 175 having the same. In the case shown, the recesses have an angular shape, without excluding that they can introduce other shapes, for example a spiral shape.

The outer line 179 of contact between the plugs 157, 171, 175 and the cement mortar of the panel 160 may be covered and closed with an elastic washer 180 forming a sealing gasket device.

It is not excluded that some reliefs protruding from the lateral surface may be combined with others that do not. Likewise, the short, thick bodies 158, 173, 177 in all cases may basically have a configuration in their lateral area comprising tapered surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, elliptical surfaces and prismatic surfaces. It is not excluded.

15 and 16 show a composite wall, which may be of the type formed by prefabricated cement mortar panels 181, preferably with a front surface of the composite wall having a thickness of about 3 centimeters. The prefabricated panels 181 are reinforced in an independent and complete metal support structure or in the form of a bottom structural slab 183, a ventilation chamber 184 formed between the panels 181 and the metal support structure 182. It is secured to the metal support structure 182 associated with the concrete support structure.

The front support structures 182, which may be metallic or mixed, have their front surfaces, which are contained inside the ventilation chambers 184, where the ventilation chambers 184 are formed and by the breathable sheet 185. The cover faces the back of the prefabricated panels 181. The seat 185 is ventilable only for air and moisture inside the building and only in one direction from the interior of the building to the vent chamber 184.

In the case of the mixed support structure 182 as shown in the figures and shown in more detail in FIG. 16, the bottom structural slabs 183 form a component part of the mixed support structure, while other metal parts of the same structure ( It should be noted that 182 is formed by “U” shaped metal profiles 186 as cross members. These metal profiles 186 are fixed to the opposing surfaces of two adjacent bottom structural slabs 183 and disposed on their concave sides facing each other, the latter being a "C" shaped metal as uprights. Connected by profiles 187.

The water repellent breathable board 188 abuts the backside of the metal support structure 182, which is the surface opposite to retaining the breathable sheet 185. Board 188 is provided with a layer of breathable foam mortar 189 that also projects above the abutting surface toward metal support structure 182.

The water repellent breathable board 188 which abuts the metal support structure 182 having a face with a protruding layer of foam mortar 189 is also different from the other face of the support frame 190 of the “C” shaped metal profiles 191. Abuts. The support frame 190 is made of a self-supporting semirigid material, and the water repellent board inside the blanket 192 of insulating material that may not have a support provided by the support frame 190. It is fixed parallel to (188).

The two gypsum boards 193, 194 which then abut against the face of the support frame 190 of the “C” shaped metal profiles 191, against which the water repellent breathable board 188 is disposed. ) Is disposed, of which the board 194, closer to the interior of the building, is covered with a layer of breathable paint 195.

Breathable foam mortar 189 is reinforced with a group of materials formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and synthetic fibers.

As shown in FIG. 17, in the operation of installing the panels 196 and 196A in the building structure 197, the fixing members 199 may be formed of the omega-shaped utility plug 198 or the cylindrical utility plug 198A. It is inserted into the threaded hole. These fixing members 199 are threaded rods engaged at one end in a threaded hole in the central portion of the rectangular arch of the center of the omega shaped utility plug 198 or in a threaded axial hole of the cylindrical utility plug 198A. It is formed by the 200 and is fixed by the nut 201 there. At the same time, in both cases there is a channel 210 of the support profile 211 which is fixedly attached to the corresponding nuts 202 and locknuts 203, the structure 197 of the building at their other ends. It is fixed by the polygon seating plate 209 to join in.

Thus far, the application of the object of Utility Model No. ES 1 068 863 is described, to which the description of the object of the present invention is added later. As described above, the object is locking means 212 that removably and elastically and flexibly stabilizes the polygonal seating plate 209 in the channel 210 of the support profile 211 fixedly attached to the building structure 197. ) Is arranged.

The locking means 212 consists of a retaining profile 213 which is removably and securely attached to the building structure 197 in a cantilever fashion. In the conditions of elasticity and flexibility, the retaining profile 213 has an inverted channel 214 joining one side of the polygonal seating plate 209 at its free end. This side is opposite to the side where it is installed in the channel 210 of the support profile 211 which is fixedly attached to the building structure 197.

Under these assembly conditions of the panels 196, 196A, the arrangement of the cantilevered support 211 and retaining 213 profile does not compromise the stability of the panels 196, 196A of the building structure 197. To allow slight movement of the fields 196, 196A, they are given adequate elasticity and flexibility in their installation.

Obviously, fixing the support 211 and retaining 213 profiles to the structure 197 by screws 215 does not exclude that such profiles can be replaced by other members of the same function. In the case of deterioration of any of the panels, the installation is configured to facilitate or allow for easy remodeling for space or exterior needs.

Likewise, the polygon seating plate 209, which may preferably have a rectangular or square shape, may introduce other shapes without excluding a circular shape which is understood as an infinite number of side polygons in the extreme case.

In addition, the utility plugs may be of a configuration other than that described above, provided they have threaded holes for insertion of the threaded rod 200 or always have an equivalent member.

As shown in FIG. 18, in one example of the operation of installing panels 216 in building structure 197, a thread of utility plug 217 having a short, thick body of an omega shaped utility plug or other similar form Fixing members formed in the forming holes by a threaded rod 219 which is coupled at one end to a threaded axial hole of the utility plug 217 and is fixed to the plug 217 by a nut 220 ( 218 is inserted. Likewise, in both cases, there are channels of angled support profile 225 fixedly attached to building structure 197 by respective nuts 221 and locknuts 222 at their other ends. The polygonal seating plate 223 that joins at 224 is fixed.

In addition, the manner in which the fixed point of the panel 216 is installed in the modern building 197 is described so far. In the following, a locking means 226 is disposed in the channel 224 of the angled support profile 225 fixedly attached to the building structure 197 to securely stabilize the seating of the polygonal seating plate 223. The subject matter of the present invention will be described.

According to the device of the present invention, the polygonal seating plate 223 is provided with locking means 226 in contact with their face A, which face is a surface facing the support structure of the building 197, and is a polygon seating plate. It hangs from the upper edge B of 223, and is mounted on these. The locking means 226 has a metal sheet piece having a lower end bent vertically to form a window 228 and a tab 229 through which the lock nut 222 freely protrudes to secure the polygonal seating plate 223. It consists of a metal sheet piece 227 provided at the center of the. Tab 229, on the one hand, is installed on the upper surface of horizontal portion 230 of angled support profile 225 that is fixedly attached to building structure 197, and on the other hand, screw 231 or other means. Is fixedly attached to a rigidifying profile 232 for the latter via the horizontal portion 230 of the angled support profile 225. The rigid profile 232 is positioned in a fitted fashion between the channel 224 of the angled support profile 225 and the vertical portion 233 fixedly attached to the building structure.

As shown in FIG. 19 and as can be seen from FIG. 18, the window 228 of the metal sheet piece 227 allows the locknut 222 for positioning the polygon seating plate 224 to protrude therethrough. When adjusting the locknut, the rotation of the locknut 222 has dimensions that allow to fix the position of the polygonal seating plate 223.

The rigid profile 232 is of a rectangular tubular shape and the length of the angled support profile 225 of the group formed, for example, by the length of the angled support profile or all of the plurality of independent portions thereof angularly spaced. It should be pointed out that this is of an indefinite length that allows to be occupied. Likewise, other types of profiles may be used and even tabs may be die punched from the angled support profile 225 itself that is disposed vertically just below the horizontal portion 230 that is incident over the wall of the channel 224.

Claims (26)

A functional system for a cement mortar panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement suitable for closing the openings of the building structure, which is defined by the cement mortar panel and the patio of the building, having a thickness of 2 to 7 cm. The panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement 136, 161 formed by two series of rods or prestressed cables 105 parallel to each other and equidistant within one same series, wherein In a functional system, the series intersect orthogonally to each other without being fixedly attached to each other to form a grid,
The cement mortar panel embeds their versatile operating means (100, 157, 171, 175) in a mass on panel ensembles (102, 135, 160, 181, 196, 216) in a suspension structure of the building structure. 137, 210, and 224, means for controlling seismic phenomena and fixed movements of the building, means for reducing moisture inside the building, and means for reducing the ingress of moisture into the panel. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it permits handling and / or attachment of (102, 135, 160, 181, 196, 216). The method of claim 1,
The multipurpose operating means on the panel ensemble 102 is constituted by an elongated body formed by a thick flat bar, which is in the omega shape a central rectangle with two transverse arms 112 on the side. An arch 111, the transverse arms 112 being symmetrical with respect to the central rectangular arch 111 and in the same plane and within the mortar, the main retaining means 106 of the body. And the central portion of the central rectangular arch 111 forms a threaded through hole 114 and for example the lateral arms 112 for the sequential insertion of the handling means 108 and the anchoring means 107. Prestressed, characterized in that the ensemble is dimensioned to allow the biaxial reinforcement 136, 161 to be located in the middle interior region of the panel 102 where it is located. Functional system for cement mortar panels with double biaxial reinforcement. The method of claim 2,
A plurality of clamps having a metal structure formed by vertical upright profiles 130 and horizontal cross-member profiles 128, for the purpose of easily suspending structural panels in buildings with reinforced concrete structures And a plurality of clamps provided with stable fixing means 140 at the edges 132 of the floor structural slabs 133 of the reinforced concrete structure, the edges 132. The upright profiles connected separately by cross-members 128, on which the suspension means 137 are installed and attached, which are individually arranged in a vertical alignment and provided on the rear surfaces of the structural panels ( Machine for cement mortar panels with prestressed biaxial stiffeners, characterized by forming coaxial vertical guide rows for receiving and securing 130). System. The method of claim 3, wherein
The clamps 129 are fixing means of the bushing 142 against the edge 132 of the flooring slab 133 at a suitable position for the vertical passage of the upright profiles 130. The clamps 129 are formed by a rectangular bushing 142 or a ring having the same plane as one of the faces of the two lugs 141 in a bridge-like fashion. Means for anchoring the bushing 142 at the edge 132 of the building floor structure slab 133 and at the same time the bushing 142 over the edge 132 of the floor structure slab 133. The front face of the bushing 142, which is found at a position opposite the seating surface of the front face of the bushing 142, has a vertical elongated hole 145, having a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement. Function system. The method of claim 4, wherein
The clamps 129 are formed by a folded flat bar portion which forms a rectangular arc and forms the horizontal fixing means of the bushing 142 up to the edge of the building floor structural slab. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it extends orthogonally at both free ends thereof in two coplanar symmetric lugs (141). The method of claim 1,
Applied to bidirectional prestressed cement mortar front panels prefabricated in concrete structures, the closed structure being inserted by the insertion of a flexible impermeable sheet 150 covering the thickness of the floor structural slab 149. The free front edge of the bottom structural slab 149 as a mirror surface of the first horizontal metal profile 151 and the first horizontal metal profile 151 which protrudes longitudinally slightly over the free front edge of 149. The first and second metal profiles of two adjacent bottom structural slabs 133 fixed longitudinally and protruding downwardly, the second metal profiles 152 being identical to the first horizontal metal pile; The fields 151, 152 are connected together by upright metal profiles 153, regularly spaced apart and anchored to the profiles 151, 152. Ringed, the upright metal profiles 153 are firmly fixed by screws to the first horizontal metal profile 151 mounted over the floor structural slab at their bottom ends, while the upper horizontal metal Attachment of the upright metal profiles 153 to the profile 152 is a horizontally and vertically slidable and self-tapping screws in a limited loose-fitting fashion. The upright metal profile through vertical elongated holes 155, formed by a group of fastening members 156 formed by rivets and nut and bolt systems, and formed in the upper horizontal metal profile 152. Fixed to the upper end of the field 153 and pressure-fitted by the head of the fixing member 156 in the upper horizontal metal profile 152 and executed in a manner Pre-stressed, characterized in that the holes are of a width greater than the diameter of the fastening member and the same length as a safety margin designed for the installation of the floor structural slabs of the concrete structure of the building. Functional system for cement mortar panels with axial stiffeners. The method according to claim 6,
The length L of the vertical elongated holes 155 provided in the side portions 152B of the upper horizontal metal profiles 152 is defined by the upper ends of the upright metal profiles 153. And a distance (D) equal to or greater than the distance (D) provided between said base walls of said upper horizontal metal profile (152). The method of claim 1,
Applicable when the multipurpose operating means on the panel ensemble 160 is formed by plugs 157, 171, 175 formed by short and thick bodies 158, 173, 177, the short and thick bodies The cement section of the panel 160 is inserted into the side region of the 158, 173, 177 and is inserted as a result of the thermal expansion and / or contraction with the body 158, 173, 177 and the extent of the side surface of the side region. Prestress 2, characterized in that irregularities 174, 178 are provided which increase the distance to be covered over the side surfaces 172, 176 by any moisture that can penetrate the spaces that may form between the mortars. Functional system for cement mortar panels with axial stiffeners. The method of claim 8,
The short and thick bodies 158, 173, 177 have a configuration of the group formed by conical surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, elliptical surfaces and prismatic surfaces in the lateral area, basically. Functional system for cement mortar panels with biaxial reinforcement. The method of claim 8,
Prestress biaxial, characterized in that the surface irregularities of the side region of the short and thick body 173 of the plugs 171 are formed by reliefs 174 protruding from the side surface 172. Functional system for cement mortar panels with stiffeners. The method of claim 8,
Prestress biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that the surface irregularities of the side region of the short and thick body 177 of the plugs 175 are formed by recesses 178 below the side surface 172. Functional system for the cement mortar panel having a. The method of claim 10 or 11,
The reliefs of the surface irregularities 174, 178 on the side of the short thick body 173, 177 of the plugs have an annular shape and the short thick body 173, 177 of the plug 171, 175. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with a prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it is included in mutually parallel planes perpendicular to the axis of the axis. The method of claim 10 or 11,
The reliefs of the surface irregularities 174, 178 over the side region of the short and thick bodies 158, 173, 177 of the plugs 171, 175 follow spiral paths with a direction of minimal moisture flow. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement. The method of claim 8,
The outer contact line between the plugs 157, 171, 175 and the cement mortar can be covered and closed with a washer 180 constituting a sealing joint arrangement. Functional system for cement mortar panels with axial stiffeners. The method of claim 1,
Particularly applicable to walls for buildings with ecological features, the facades of the buildings are fixed to a metal structure 182 connected to a complete metal free-standing structure 182 or a reinforced concrete structure 183 and the panels ( 181 and preferably are formed by prefabricated cement mortar panels 181 having a thickness of about 3 cm forming a vent chamber 184 between the metal structures 282, 183, the metal Or the mixed frontal support structures 182 and 183 have their front surfaces, which form the ventilation chambers 184 contained inside the ventilation chambers and the breathable sheet 185. Facing the backside of the prefabricated front panels 181 completely covered by the sheet, the sheet 185 merely for the air and moisture inside the building and for the building Function for mortar cement panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that only one air-permeable in a single direction toward the ventilation chamber 184 from inside the enclosure. The method of claim 15,
Over the rear surface of the support structure 182, 183, which is opposite the front surface of the structure 182, 183 including the breathable sheet, is also ventilated and abuts toward the rear surface of the structure. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized by abutment of a water repellent breathable board (188) provided with a layer of foam mortar (189) protruding above the surface. The method of claim 15,
A water repellent board 188 having one of the faces covered by the protruding layer of foam mortar 189 has the covered face against the back surface of the support structure 182 and the back surface is breathable A functional system for a cement mortar panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it is opposed to the front face covered by a sheet (185). The method of claim 15,
On the face of the water repellent board 188 without the protruding layer of foam mortar 189, formed by two horizontal "U" shaped profiles and two vertical "C" shaped profiles, an insulating material Cement mortar with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that a support frame 190 is received which receives the blanket 192 of the fabric and optionally has holes for the passage of cables and pipes provided in the uprights. Function system for panels. The method of claim 18,
The abutted face-to-face is abutted by the faces of the “U” and “C” shaped profile frames 189 opposing the faces abutting the water repellent breathable board 188. An assembly of two plasterboards 193 and 194 is made, wherein the board 194 close to the interior of the plasterboard is covered with a layer of breathable paint 195. Functional system for cement mortar panels with rest biaxial reinforcement. The method of claim 18,
The blanket 192 of insulating material consists of a self supporting semi-rigid material and possibly an assembly of the water repellent breathable board 188 and the plasterboards 193, 194 without the support of the metal profiles frame 189. A functional system for a cement mortar panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that disposed between. 17. The method of claim 16,
The layer of breathable foam mortar 189 comprises a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it is composed of a group of materials formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and synthetic fibers. Function system. The method of claim 1,
The utility plugs in which the prefabricated panels closing the structure 197 of the building are embedded in the panels 196 and 216 at one end and fixed to the panels 196 and 216 by nuts 201 and 220. The building structure 197 engages in the threaded through hole 114 of 198, 198A, 217, and at the other end simultaneously with corresponding nuts 202, 221 and locknuts 203, 222. On the threaded rod 200 to which a polygonal seating plate 209, 223 fitted at one of these edges in the channels 210, 224 of the support profile 211, 225 is fixedly attached thereto. It is a particularly seismic device, which is particularly applicable when disposed with respect to the structure 197 by means of a plurality of fixing members formed by the support structure, and the functional system is fixed to the building structure 197. The channels 210, 211, 225 224, consisting of locking means 212, 226 for removably stabilizing the seating of the polygonal seating plates 209, 223 for a cement mortar panel with a prestressed biaxial reinforcement. Function system. The method of claim 22,
The locking means 212 is formed by a retaining profile 213, which is fixedly and removably cantileveredly and removably attached to the building structure, and at their free ends, the polygonal seating plate. One side of the polygonal seating plate 209 opposite the side coupled to the channel 210 of the support profile fixedly attached to the building structure 197 to stabilize the installation of 209. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it has an elastically flexible inverted channel (214) for joining. The method of claim 22,
The polygonal seating plate 209 abuts their surfaces facing the support structure 197 and hanging on their upper edges on both sides of the upper edge and formed by a metal plate piece 227. 226 is at its center a window 228 in which the fixed locknut 222 of the polygonal seating plate 209 extends freely and on the one hand the angled support profile fixedly attached to the structure 197. Installed on the upper side of the horizontal portion of 225, and on the other hand between the channel of the angled support profile 225 and the vertical portion of the profile 225 fixedly attached to the support structure 197. It is fixedly attached through the horizontal portion of the angled support profile 225 to a rigid profile 232 for the profile 225 to fit snugly. A vertical tab 229 function system for the cement mortar panel having a prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that has a lower end that is bent. The method of claim 24,
The window 228 of the metal sheet piece 227 is provided so that the position fixing locknut 222 of the polygon seating plate 223 protrudes therethrough and fixes the position of the polygon seating plate 223. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, characterized in that it has dimensions that allow rotation of the locknut (22) when handling the locknut (222). The method of claim 24,
The firming profile 232 has a rectangular right-angle tubular shape, such that an indefinite length of the angular support profile 225 of the group formed by any length or the whole of a plurality of regularly spaced independent portions is occupied. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial stiffener, characterized by having an acceptable length.

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