KR20110071977A - Solar thermal-combinded desalination system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A solar energy merge desalination system is provided to improve the environment-friendly property of the system, and to reduce the energy consumption amount. CONSTITUTION: A solar energy merge desalination system comprises the following: a reverse osmosis type desalinization unit desalinizing first seawater using a reverse osmosis method, and discharging first fresh water and concentrated water; and a solar energy distillation type desalination unit(130) using solar energy as an energy source for desalinizing inflow water using an evaporation method, and discharging second fresh water. The inflow water flowing into the solar energy distillation type desalination unit includes second seawater, and the concentrated water.

Description

Solar Combined Desalination System {SOLAR THERMAL-COMBINDED DESALINATION SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to a desalination system, and more particularly, to a solar combined desalination system including a solar distillation desalination unit.

Desalination refers to a process of obtaining water suitable for human use from water that is high in salinity such as seawater and difficult to use by humans. Desalination is economical because it requires a lot of energy, but in areas where it is difficult to obtain sufficient fresh water naturally, desalination is artificially produced and used.

Currently, the reverse osmosis (RO) and distillation methods are mainly used in the desalination process.

Reverse osmosis is a method using a reverse osmosis phenomenon, a method that demand is increasing rapidly in recent years. The reverse osmosis phenomenon is when the seawater is equilibrated with a constant pressure difference (osmotic pressure) higher than that of fresh water with a semi-permeable membrane (membrane) in between, and when the seawater is subjected to a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure (reverse osmosis), the pure water contained in the seawater It is a phenomenon that moves toward fresh water. By reverse osmosis, seawater is separated into fresh water and concentrated water, and the concentrated water is discharged back to the sea.

Distillation is a method of heating and evaporating seawater and condensing the steam to obtain fresh water. Currently, a method of heating seawater using fossil fuels is widely used, but recently, a method of heating seawater using solar energy has been developed to reduce energy consumption.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved solar desalination system with improved desalination efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention,

Reverse osmosis desalination unit for desalination of the first seawater by reverse osmosis to discharge the first fresh water and concentrated water; And a solar distillation desalination unit for discharging the inflow water by distillation using solar heat as an energy source to discharge the second fresh water, wherein the inflow water flowing into the solar distillation desalination unit is discharged from the second seawater and the reverse osmosis desalination unit. Provided is a solar combined desalination system comprising concentrated concentrated water.

The solar distillation desalination unit may include a solar collector, a heat storage tank for accumulating thermal energy of the solar collector, and a fresh water distillation of the influent using heat energy transferred from the heat storage tank.

The solar distillation desalination unit may include a plurality of desalination units each provided with a heat exchange unit and a condensation unit. At this time, each condensation unit of the plurality of fresh water may be connected in series so that steam can move.

The solar combined desalination system further includes a seawater storage unit providing the first seawater to the reverse osmosis desalination unit, wherein the solar distillation desalination unit includes a condensation unit, and the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit as cooling water of the condensation unit. Can circulate

According to the configuration of the present invention can achieve the object of the present invention described above. Specifically, since the inflow into the solar distillation desalination unit includes concentrated water discharged from seawater and reverse osmosis desalination, desalination efficiency is improved and an environmentally friendly solar combined desalination system is provided.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the configuration and operation of an embodiment for a complex desalination system according to the present invention.

First, the configuration of an embodiment of a complex desalination system according to the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a block diagram schematically showing an embodiment of a solar combined desalination system according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a reverse osmosis desalination unit shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a solar thermal distillation desalination unit shown in FIG.

1 to 3, the solar combined desalination system 100 includes a seawater storage unit 110, a reverse osmosis desalination unit 120, a solar combined distillation desalination unit 130, and a freshwater storage unit 140. ). Although not shown, the solar combined desalination system 100 further includes a plurality of pumps for transferring the fluid. Solar combined desalination system 100 has a high desalination efficiency by using the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 and the solar distillation desalination unit 130 mixed.

The seawater storage unit 110 is configured of a seawater storage tank commonly used in the field of desalination facilities. Therefore, detailed description of the configuration of the seawater storage unit 110 is omitted herein. Seawater storage unit 110 stores the seawater (SW) supplied from the outside. Seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110 is supplied to the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 and solar distillation desalination unit 130 is desalination. In addition, the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110 is supplied to the solar distillation desalination unit 130 as cooling water and circulated. The temperature of the supply cooling water C1 supplied from the seawater storage unit 110 to the solar distillation desalination unit 130 rises after passing through the solar distillation desalination unit 130. The temperature of the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110 by the return cooling water C2 returned to the seawater storage unit 110 in a state where the temperature is increased becomes higher than the temperature of the seawater SW supplied from the outside. The higher the temperature of the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110, the higher the production efficiency of the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120, the lower the pressure of the high-pressure pump to increase the recovery rate and save power. In particular, by increasing the sea temperature in the winter, the power load of the winter can be reduced, the effect is even greater.

The reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 includes a pretreatment device 121, a storage tank 122, and a reverse osmosis machine 123. The reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 receives the first seawater SW1 from the seawater storage unit 110 to desalination and discharges the first freshwater FW1 and the concentrated water CW.

The pretreatment apparatus 121 removes suspended matter from the first seawater SW1 transferred from the seawater storage unit 110. In the present embodiment, it will be described that a backwash filter provided with a hollow fiber membrane to which suspended matter is attached as the pretreatment device 121 is used. The backwash filter has a pore size of 0.001 to 0.5 µm and is selected from the group of hollow fiber membranes consisting of polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene and polypropylene, It is preferable that it is a film of a material.

The storage tank 122 stores the seawater from which suspended matter is removed from the pretreatment apparatus 121. The storage tank 122 stores a sufficient amount of sea water so that the reverse osmosis unit 125 is not stopped due to lack of flow rate.

Reverse osmosis 123 is composed of a reverse osmosis system that is commonly used in the reverse osmosis desalination plant. Therefore, detailed description of the configuration of the reverse osmosis unit 123 is omitted herein. The reverse osmosis unit 123 processes the seawater introduced from the storage tank 122 and separates the fresh water and the concentrated water. The first freshwater FW1 discharged from the reverse osmosis unit 123 is transferred to the freshwater storage unit 140. The concentrated water CW discharged from the reverse osmosis unit 123 is transferred to the solar distillation desalination unit 130. The concentrated water CW discharged from the reverse osmosis unit 123 is about 2 to 5 ° C. higher than the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110.

The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 to the embodiment described above. Reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 may be any conventional desalination equipment using a reverse osmosis method, which may also be included in the present invention.

The solar thermal distillation desalination unit 130 includes a solar collector 131, a heat storage tank 132, and a plurality of fresh water generators 133, 134, 135, and 136. The solar thermal distillation desalination unit 130 distills the concentrated water (CW) supplied from the second seawater SW1 and the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 using solar heat. By using solar heat as an energy source, it is possible to implement an eco-friendly desalination system.

The solar collector 131 collects thermal energy by solar heat. As the solar collector 131, all types of solar collectors commonly used may be used. In this embodiment, the solar collector 131 is used as a solar collector 131, and a vacuum tube solar collector (ETSC) in which a heat collecting plate and a heat pipe are installed in a vacuum tube is used. do. The heat energy collected in the solar collector 131 is transferred to the heat storage tank 132 by a heat transfer medium circulating between the solar collector 131 and the heat storage tank 132.

The heat storage tank 132 receives and accumulates thermal energy collected in the solar collector 131 through a heat transfer medium. As the heat storage tank 132, any type of heat storage tank commonly used may be used. Thermal energy accumulated in the heat storage tank 132 is transferred to a plurality of fresh water, respectively. Thermal energy stored in the heat transfer medium from the solar collector 131 is transferred to fresh water (general water) stored in the heat storage tank 132. This process can be accomplished through a number of common heat exchangers (not shown). That is, the solar energy stored in the heat transfer medium transfers the heat energy from the heat exchanger (not shown) to the fresh water stored in the heat storage tank 132, and the heat energy is supplied to and supplied to the fresh water 133, 134, 135, and 136. Heat exchange with sea water

The multiple fresheners 133, 134, 135, and 136 include a first freshener 133, a second freshener 134, a third freshener 135, and a fourth freshener 136. do. The plurality of fresh water units 133, 134, 135, and 136 distills the inflow water IW including the second seawater SW2 and the concentrated water CW.

The first dehydrator 133 includes a first heat exchanger 133a and a first condenser 133b. The first dehydrator 133 is desalted by receiving the influent (IW). The influent water IW includes the second seawater SW2 provided from the seawater storage 110 and the concentrated water CW discharged from the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120. The concentrated water (CW) is usually about 2-5 ° C. higher than the second seawater (SW2). Since the inlet water (IW) is increased in temperature, the evaporation efficiency of the solar distillation desalination unit 130 is increased. This increases the overall desalination efficiency of the solar combined desalination system 100.

The first heat exchanger 133a includes a heat exchanger, and evaporates the seawater and the concentrated water supplied to the first freshwater generator 133 by using the heat energy transferred from the heat storage tank 132.

The first condensation unit 133b includes a condensation plate for condensing water vapor, and the fresh water produced by condensation is transferred to the fresh water storage unit 140. In the first condenser 133b, the uncondensed water vapor, the unevaporated sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the second fresh water generator 134. Supply cooling water C1 is supplied to the condensation plate of the first condensation part 133b. The supply cooling water C1 is seawater stored in the seawater storage 110, and after passing through the first condensation 133b, the temperature increases to return to the seawater storage 110.

The second freshener 134 includes a second heat exchanger 134a and a second condenser 134b. Since the second desalination unit 134 has the same configuration as the first desalination unit 133, a detailed description of the configuration of the second desalination unit 134 is omitted herein. The second heat exchanger 134a receives the thermal energy passing through the first heat exchanger 133a to evaporate the seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the first condenser 133b. The second condenser 134b condenses the water vapor transferred from the first condenser 133b and the water vapor generated by the second heat exchanger 134a. Fresh water produced by condensation in the second condenser 134b is transferred to the fresh water storage 140. In the second condenser 134b, the uncondensed water vapor, the unvaporized sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the third freshwater receiver 135. Supply cooling water C1 is supplied to the condensation plate of the second condensation part 134b. The supply cooling water C1 is seawater stored in the seawater storage 110, and after passing through the second condensation 134b, the temperature increases to return to the seawater storage 110.

The third freshener 135 includes a third heat exchanger 135a and a third condenser 135b. Since the third desalination unit 135 has the same configuration as the first desalination unit 133, a detailed description of the configuration of the third desalination unit 134 is omitted herein. The third heat exchanger 135a receives the thermal energy passing through the second heat exchanger 134a to evaporate the seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the second condensation unit 134b. The third condenser 135b condenses the water vapor transferred from the second condenser 134b and the water vapor generated by the third heat exchanger 135a. Fresh water condensed in the third condenser 135b is transferred to the fresh water storage 140. In the third condensation unit 135b, the non-condensed water vapor, the non-evaporated sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the fourth fresh water generator 136. Supply cooling water C1 is supplied to the condensation plate of the third condensation part 135b. The supply cooling water C1 is seawater stored in the seawater storage 110, and after passing through the third condensation unit 135b, the temperature increases to return to the seawater storage 110.

The fourth freshwater receiver 136 includes a fourth heat exchanger 136a and a fourth condenser 136b. Since the fourth desalination unit 136 has the same configuration as the first desalination unit 133, a detailed description of the configuration of the fourth desalination unit 134 is omitted herein. The fourth heat exchanger 136a receives the thermal energy passing through the third heat exchanger 135a to evaporate the seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the third condensation unit 135b. The fourth condenser 136b condenses the water vapor transferred from the third condenser 135b and the water vapor generated by the fourth heat exchanger 136a. Fresh water condensed in the fourth condenser 136b is transferred to the fresh water storage 140. Supply cooling water C1 is supplied to the condensation plate of the fourth condensing part 136b. The supply cooling water C1 is seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110, and after passing through the fourth condensation unit 136b, the temperature increases to return to the seawater storage unit 110.

As described above, since the solar distillation desalination unit 130 includes a plurality of desalination units connected in a multi-stage structure, load tracking operation capable of efficiently controlling freshwater production is possible.

In the present embodiment, but described as having four fresh water, the present invention is not limited thereto. The case of three or less freshwater groups may be included in the present invention. In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the freshwater groups are 2 to 3 or 5 or more, the freshwater groups may be connected in a multi-stage structure as in the above embodiment.

Fresh water storage 140 is made of a configuration of a fresh water storage tank commonly used in the field of desalination equipment. Therefore, detailed description of the configuration of the fresh water storage unit 140 is omitted herein. The freshwater storage unit 140 stores the first freshwater FW1 produced from the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 and the second freshwater FW2 produced from the solar distillation desalination unit 130. Fresh water (FW) provided to the outside from the fresh water storage unit 140 is used as drinking water, domestic water, industrial water and the like depending on the purpose.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, the operation of the embodiment for the solar combined desalination system will now be described in detail.

Sea water (SW) is introduced into the sea water storage unit 110 is stored. The seawater storage unit 110 supplies the first seawater SW1 to the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120, and supplies the second seawater SW2 to the solar thermal distillation desalination unit 130. In addition, the seawater storage unit 110 supplies the cooling water (C1) to the solar thermal distillation desalination unit (130). The temperature of the supply cooling water C1 supplied from the seawater storage unit 110 to the solar thermal distillation desalination unit 130 rises after passing through the distillation desalination unit 130. The temperature of the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110 by the return cooling water C2 returned to the seawater storage unit 110 in a state where the temperature is increased becomes higher than the temperature of the seawater SW supplied from the outside. The higher the temperature of the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit 110, the higher the production efficiency of the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120, the lower the pressure of the high-pressure pump to increase the recovery rate and save power. In particular, by increasing the sea temperature in the winter, it is possible to reduce the winter power load.

The first seawater SW1 supplied to the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 is removed by the pretreatment unit 121 and then transferred to the storage tank 122 and stored. The seawater stored in the storage tank 122 is provided to the reverse osmosis unit 123, and the seawater provided to the reverse osmosis unit 123 is separated into fresh water and concentrated water. The first fresh water (FW1) and the concentrated water (CW) is discharged from the reverse osmosis unit 123, the first fresh water (FW1) is transferred to and stored in the fresh water storage unit 140, the concentrated water (CW) is seawater storage unit The temperature is about 2 to 5 ° C. higher than the seawater stored in the 110 to be provided to the solar distillation desalination unit 130.

The solar distillation desalination unit 130 uses solar energy collected by the solar collector 131 as an energy source. Therefore, an eco-friendly desalination system is realized and energy efficiency can be improved. Solar energy collected by the solar collector 131 is integrated in the heat storage tank 132. The solar heat collected in the solar collector 131 is accumulated in the heat storage tank 132, and the solar energy accumulated in the heat storage tank 132 is first, second, third, and fourth fresh water collectors 133 and 134 in the form of water vapor. , 135, 136 are delivered in stages to each of the heat exchangers 133a, 134a, 135a, 136a.

Inflow water (IW) that is a desalination target is introduced into the solar distillation desalination unit 130. The influent water IW includes the concentrated water CW discharged from the second seawater SW2 and the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120. The concentrated water (CW) is usually about 2-5 ° C. higher than the second seawater (SW2). Therefore, the inlet water (IW) of which the temperature is increased is provided so that the evaporation efficiency of the solar distillation desalination unit 130 is increased, and the desalination efficiency is naturally improved.

Influent water (IW) is introduced into the first fresh water 133. The first heat exchanger 133a of the first desalator 133 receives thermal energy from the heat storage tank 132 to evaporate seawater and concentrated water. Water vapor is condensed in the first condensation unit 133b of the first desalination unit 133 to produce fresh water. Fresh water produced in the first condensation unit 133b is transferred to the freshwater storage unit 140. In the first condenser 133b, the uncondensed water vapor, the unevaporated sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the second fresh water generator 134.

The seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the first freshwater 133 to the second freshwater 134 are evaporated by the second heat exchanger 134a. In the second condensation unit 134b of the second desalination unit 134, the water vapor delivered from the first desalination unit 133 and the water vapor generated by the second heat exchange unit 134a are condensed to produce fresh water. Fresh water produced by the second condenser 134b is transferred to the fresh water storage 140. In the second condenser 134b, the uncondensed water vapor, the unvaporized sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the third freshwater receiver 135.

The seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the second freshwater 134 to the third freshwater 135 are evaporated by the third heat exchanger 135a. In the third condensation unit 135b of the third desalination unit 135, water vapor delivered from the second desalination unit 134 and water vapor generated by the third heat exchange unit 135a are condensed to produce fresh water. Fresh water produced by the third condenser 135b is transferred to the fresh water storage 140. In the third condensation unit 135b, the non-condensed water vapor, the non-evaporated sea water, and the concentrated water are transferred to the fourth fresh water generator 136.

The seawater and the concentrated water transferred from the third freshener 135 to the fifth freshener 136 are evaporated by the fourth heat exchanger 136a. In the fourth condenser 136b of the fourth freshener 136, steam delivered from the third freshener 135 and water vapor generated by the fourth heat exchanger 136a are condensed to produce fresh water. Freshwater produced by the fourth condenser 134b is transferred to the freshwater storage 140.

The first freshwater FW1 produced and discharged from the reverse osmosis desalination unit 120 and the second freshwater FW2 produced and discharged from the solar distillation desalination unit 130 are stored in the freshwater storage unit 140. Fresh water discharged from the freshwater storage unit 140 is delivered to the consumer according to the purpose of use.

The present invention has been described above with reference to the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and that such modifications and changes also belong to the present invention.

1 is a block diagram schematically showing an embodiment of a solar combined desalination system according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a reverse osmosis desalination unit shown in FIG.

3 is a block diagram showing the solar distillation desalination unit shown in FIG.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: solar combined desalination system 110: seawater storage unit

120: reverse osmosis desalination unit 130: solar thermal distillation desalination unit

131: solar collector 132: heat storage tank

133, 134, 135, 136: fresh water

Claims (5)

Reverse osmosis desalination unit for desalination of the first seawater by reverse osmosis to discharge the first fresh water and concentrated water; And It includes a solar distillation desalination unit to discharge the second fresh water by distillation of the inflow water distillation using solar heat as an energy source, The influent water flowing into the solar distillation desalination unit is a combined solar desalination system, characterized in that it comprises a second sea water and the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis desalination unit. The method of claim 1, The solar distillation desalination unit comprises a solar collector, a heat storage tank for accumulating heat energy of the solar collector, and a fresh water distillation unit for distilling the inflow water using heat energy transferred from the heat storage tank. The method of claim 1, The solar thermal distillation desalination unit is a combined solar desalination system, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fresh water provided with a heat exchange unit and a condensation unit. The method of claim 3, wherein Solar condensation desalination system, characterized in that each condensation unit of the plurality of fresh water is connected in series so that steam can move. The method of claim 1, Further comprising a seawater storage unit for providing the first seawater to the reverse osmosis desalination unit, The solar distillation desalination unit has a condensation unit, The seawater desalination system, characterized in that the seawater stored in the seawater storage unit circulates as cooling water of the condensation unit.

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