KR200194413Y1 - Battery charger of zero switching type - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery charger having a microcomputer controller and using a zero switching method, comprising: a temporary charging unit 21 for preventing inrush of overcurrent when an AC power source 20 is initially input to a charger, and the input AC power source 20. ), The input rectifying unit 22 converts the direct current into a direct current, a charging unit 23 for filtering the pulsation component of the direct current and dividing and charging the two capacitors with a DC voltage, and a zeroing voltage for the DC voltage charged in the charging unit 23. A semiconductor switching unit 24 for converting into an AC voltage using a switching (ZVS) and zeroing current switching (ZCS) scheme, a voltage converting unit 25 for transforming the AC voltage into an AC voltage suitable for charging, and An output rectifying section 26 for converting an AC voltage into a DC voltage, an output filter section 27 for filtering the pulsating component of the DC voltage, and detecting the filtered output current and output voltage. By using the zero-switched switching type battery charger, characterized in that the output detection unit 28 to be delivered to the Com 2 (31), to remove the noise and heat of the conventional switching type battery charger system, and to have the effect of high performance and high charging efficiency You can get it.

Description

Zero Switching Battery Charger

The present invention relates to a zero-switched switching type battery charger, and more specifically, to zero noise that has a digital controller, eliminates noise and heat of a conventional system by using a zero voltage switching method and a zero current switching method, and has high performance and high charging efficiency. The present invention relates to a switched battery charger.

In general, lead accumulators have self-discharge characteristics that lower the accumulated energy, but have high-efficiency discharge characteristics that allow instantaneous large current flow. Lead-acid batteries are used more frequently than other secondary batteries.

Conventionally, there is a switching type battery charger which charges a lead-acid battery in a constant current / constant voltage method by MICOM electronic control to have high performance and high efficiency. When used, there is a problem that the switch is poor and the charging effect is reduced.

In the switching battery charger of the prior art, as shown in FIG. 1, a magnetic switch unit 1 receiving AC power and a first diode unit rectifying an AC voltage output from the magnetic switch unit 1 into a DC voltage. (2), a capacitor (3) for charging the rectified DC voltage, a switching element (4) for receiving a pulse width modulated signal from the microcomputer (10) and outputting a square wave signal while driving in an alternating switching action; The second diode part 5 for full-wave rectification of the square wave signal output from the switching element part 4, and the output part for detecting the output voltage and output current rectified from the second diode part 5 and supplying it to the storage battery. It consists of (6).

Since the magnetic switch unit 1 is composed of two mechanical contact switches by magnetic force, when a large amount of current is supplied, the flame also bounces due to the arc (ARK) contact when the switch is on and off, and noise by sound There is a difficulty in using for a long time, there is a problem that the contact portion of the switch is aging is damaged quickly and the charging efficiency of the energy is lowered.

In addition, when the two switches S1 and S2 of the switching element unit 4 alternately repeat the on-off, the counter electromotive force is generated during the dead time which is turned on from the off. Distorted waveforms appear like the output signals of two switches, which generate a lot of heat in the two switches S1 and S2. In order to minimize heat, a snubber circuit is formed, but many circuit elements are formed, so a lot of load is generated, and noise and heat are generated.

In addition, although the rectified voltage full-wave rectified from the second diode part 5 flows through the output part 6, since there is no electronic device that completely removes the pulsating component, the electrical noise is mixed and the charging efficiency is low.

As a result, the switching type battery charger of the conventional system illustrated in FIG. 1 has a problem in that charging efficiency is lowered due to a lot of noise and heat.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, by using a zero voltage switching method and a zero current switching method with a digital controller, zero-switching switching battery to remove noise and heat of the conventional system, and to have high performance high efficiency The purpose is to provide a charger.

1 is a block diagram of a switching battery charger of the prior art.

2 is a circuit diagram of a zeroed switching type battery charger of the present invention.

3 is a system configuration of a zero switching switching battery charger of the present invention.

4 is an output signal shown in the switching element section 4 of the prior art.

5 is an output signal shown in the semiconductor switching unit 24 of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

21: temporary charging unit 22: input rectifying unit

23: charging unit 24: semiconductor switching unit

25: voltage converter 26: output rectifier

27: output filter unit 28: output detection unit

30: current sensor 31: microcomputer 2

32: output voltage detector 33: mode detector

34: fuse check unit 35: overcurrent detection unit

36: temperature detector 37: phase check unit

38: input voltage detector 39: current controller

40: input control unit 41: display unit

The zero-switched switching type battery charger of the present invention for realizing the above problem includes a temporary charging unit 21 for preventing inrush of overcurrent when the AC power source 20 is initially input to the charger, and the input AC power source ( 20) an input rectifier 22 for converting the direct current into a direct current, a charging unit 23 for filtering the pulsation component of the direct current and dividing and charging a DC voltage in two capacitors, and zeroing the DC voltage charged in the charging unit 23. A semiconductor switching unit 24 for converting into an AC voltage by using a voltage switching system (ZVS) and a zeroing current switching system (ZCS), a voltage converting unit 25 for transforming the AC voltage into an AC voltage suitable for charging, An output rectifier 26 for converting the AC voltage into a DC voltage, an output filter unit 27 for filtering the pulsation component of the DC voltage, and detecting the filtered output current and output voltage to the microcomputer 2 31. It is characterized by consisting of an output detecting unit 28 to transmit.

In addition, the charging method of charging the battery voltage is a rapid charging with a large constant current at the beginning of the charge, and in the medium term uses a V-taper charging method that reduces the current to a tapered curve when reaching a constant voltage, In the last stage, a constant current, V taper, and constant current charging method is used, which allows overcharging with a small current to allow sufficient charging.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described an embodiment of the present invention.

The zero-switched switching type battery charger according to the present invention has a temporary charging unit (21) for preventing the inrush of overcurrent when the AC power supply 20 is initially input to the charger as shown in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. An input rectifier 22 for converting the power supply 20 into a direct current, a charging unit 23 for filtering the pulsation component of the direct current and dividing and charging the two capacitors with a direct current voltage, and a direct current voltage charged in the charging unit 23. The semiconductor switching unit 24 converts the AC voltage into AC voltage using the zero voltage switching (ZVS) and the zero current switching (ZCS), and the voltage converting unit 25 converts the AC voltage into an AC voltage suitable for charging. And an output rectifier 26 for converting the AC voltage into a DC voltage, an output filter unit 27 for filtering the pulsation component of the DC voltage, and detecting the filtered output current and output voltage. It consists of an output detection part 28 which transmits to 2 (31).

In addition, the inside of the temporary charging unit 21 installed to prevent inrush of overcurrent when the AC power source 20 is initially input to the charger, has a contact relay Ry1, a resistor Rψ, and a diode Dψ in series. It is connected and is comprised.

In addition, the semiconductor switching unit 24 is connected in parallel with the diode Dq and has a half bridge HALF BRIDGE composed of a switch 1 (Q1) and a switch 2 (Q2) of a semiconductor switch, and the switch 1 (Q1). And inductors IL1 and IL2 for suppressing ripple generated during switching and for suppressing back electromotive force generated when the transformer of the voltage converter 25 is saturated.

In addition, the semiconductor switching unit 24 receives the pulse width modulation signal from the power control unit 39 switches 1 (Q1) and 2 (Q2) are alternately on-off operation and switch 1 (Q1) is off When the back electromotive force reaches 0 volts during the DEAD-TIME when switch 2 (Q2) is turned on, switch 2 (Q2) turns on and processes the voltage to zero, and the two inductors IL1 and IL2 connected in parallel are connected. A switch 1 (Q1) and a switch (2) are characterized by having a function of processing a current to zero by two coils.

In addition, the output filter unit 27 is a coil 1 (L1) for limiting the output current, the capacitor 3 (C3) and the resistor 1 (R1) for filtering the pulsation of the DC voltage is connected in parallel to form a smooth circuit. have.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the microcomputer 2 31 that inputs and outputs a control signal of a circuit and stores data, and receives the output voltage VOS of the output detector 28, and inputs the microcomputer 2 31. FIG. An output voltage detector 32 for reducing the voltage level and inputting it to the microcomputer 2 31, a mode detector 33 composed of an emergency switch mode and an equal charging mode, and a fuse checker 34 for checking the current state of the fuse. And an overcurrent detector 35 for detecting an overcurrent higher than a current limit input to the microcomputer 2 31, a temperature detector 36 for detecting heat generated in semiconductor devices constituting the charger main circuit, and a charger. Phase checking unit 37 for checking whether one of the three phases (R, S, T) input to the phase is in phase and the input AC power 20 is compared with a preset program to check the voltage difference Current output from the voltage detector 38 and the microcomputer 2 31 Current control unit 39 for outputting a control signal to switch 1 (Q1) and switch 2 (Q2) so that the output current of the output detection unit 28 matches with the command current, and the contact relay Ry 1 and the thyristor of the temporary charging unit 21. An input control unit 40 for controlling the gate signals (S1, S2, S3), and a display unit 41 for displaying the operating state (charge amount) and the error state of the charger.

Referring to the operation and effect of the zero switching switching battery charger according to the present invention configured as described above as shown in Figure 2 as follows.

First, when the AC power source 20 is initially input to the charger, an overcurrent flows. In the present invention, a temporary charging unit 21 is installed to prevent inrush of this overcurrent, and the temporary charging unit 21 is connected to a contact relay Ry1, a resistor Rψ, and a diode Dψ in series so that the initial overcurrent Is sent to the capacitor of the charging section (23).

When normal AC is input in the next step, AC is converted into DC by thyristor diodes S1, S2, and S3 of the input rectifier 22. Conventionally, the mechanical switch is used, but in the present invention, since the switch is made of a semiconductor, electronic control is possible and charging efficiency is good because there is no arc flame or noise.

The charging unit 23, which is a next step, has a function of filtering the pulsation component that has passed through the input rectifier 22 and dividing and charging the DC voltage into two capacitors.

In the next step, the semiconductor switching unit 24 receives the pulse width modulation signal from the power control unit 39 and switches Q1 and Q2 alternately turn on and off. The output signal of switch 1 (Q1) and switch 2 (Q2) is switched 2 (Q2) when the counter electromotive force reaches 0 volts during the dead-time when switch 1 (Q1) is turned off and switch 2 (Q2) is turned on. ), When the control signal of the zero voltage switching (ZVS) method that processes the voltage to zero is received from the microcomputer 2 (31), the distorted waveform generated in the conventional system is removed, and the zero voltage switching (ZVS) is also used. This simplification of the circuit also eliminates the noise and heat generated by the complex circuits of conventional systems. In addition, the zero-current switching (ZCS) method, in which the current is also zeroed by two coils of the inductors IL1 and IL2 connected in parallel, is used to remove all noise and heat generated from the semiconductor switching unit 24. You have the ability to remove it. The waveform of the output shown in FIG. 6 is an output waveform showing a state in which the surge voltage generated when the counter electromotive force is generated by the zero voltage switching (ZVS) method and the zero voltage current switching (ZCS) method is removed.

In addition, a voltage conversion unit 25 for converting the high frequency AC voltage generated by the semiconductor switching unit 24 into an AC voltage suitable for charging, an output rectifying unit 26 for converting the AC voltage into a DC voltage, and the DC voltage An output filter part 27 is provided for filtering the pulse flow of the capacitor, and the output filter part 27 includes the coil 1 (L1) for limiting the output current and the capacitor 3 (C3) for filtering the pulse of the DC voltage. And resistor 1 (R1) are connected in parallel to form a smoothing circuit, which has the effect of completely removing the pulsating component that has not been filtered by the conventional output detection unit (7). Finally, the output detector 28 detects the filtered output current and the output voltage and delivers the filtered output current to the microcomputer 2 31.

In addition, the operation and effect of the zero-switched switching type battery charger according to the present invention configured as described above is described as shown in FIG.

The function of the microcomputer 2 31 inputs and outputs a control signal of the circuit, and stores the data according to the result. The output voltage detector 32 receives the output voltage VOS of the output detector 28 and receives the microcomputer 2 ( The input voltage level of 31 is attenuated and input to the microcomputer 2 31. The microcomputer 2 31 determines the charging amount and the charging time of the battery according to the voltage level of the output voltage VOS.

Then, the mode detecting unit 33 is composed of an emergency switch mode and an equal charging mode, and if the emergency switch is turned on by checking the emergency switch, all operation of the charger is stopped and the current state is displayed on the display unit 41, and the equality When the switch is on, the microcomputer 2 31 immediately performs an equal charge and determines the charging time.

In addition, the fuse check unit 34 always checks whether the fuse is disconnected, and when the fuse is disconnected, stops all operations of the charger and displays the current state on the display unit 41. The overcurrent detector 35 detects the current. Inputting the current detected in the (30) to the microcomputer 2 (31) and when the pre-programmed higher than the current limit value is determined that the over-current conducts, the microcomputer 2 (31) stops the charging operation to the display unit 41 Display the current status.

The temperature detector 36 detects heat generated from a semiconductor element constituting the charger circuit, and when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the microcomputer 2 31 stops the charging operation and displays the current state on the display 41. In addition, the phase checker 37 checks whether one phase of the three-phase alternating current R, S, and T forms an image, inputs the signal to the microcomputer 2 31, stops the charging operation, and displays the current on the display unit 41. Has the function of displaying the status of.

The input voltage detection unit 38 detects an AC input voltage and inputs it to the microcomputer 2 31 when it is higher or lower than the input voltage, stops the charging operation, and displays the current state on the display unit 41. The current controller 39 has a function of outputting a control signal to the switch 1 Q1 and the switch 2 Q2 such that the current command output from the microcomputer 2 31 and the output current of the output detection unit 28 coincide with each other.

The input controller 40 controls the signals of the contact relay Ry1 of the temporary charging unit 21 and the thyristors S1, S2, and S3 of the input rectifying unit 22, and the display unit 41 operates the current charger. It has a function of receiving a signal from the microcomputer 2 31 and displaying an error state such as a state and a charge amount.

The zero-switched switching battery charger according to the present invention constructed and acting as described above uses a zero-voltage switching method and a zero-current switching method to remove noise and heat of a conventional switching battery charger system, thereby having high performance and high charging efficiency. Can be obtained.

Claims (6)

A battery charger having a microcomputer controller and using a switching method, comprising: a temporary charging unit 21 for preventing inrush of overcurrent when the AC power source 20 is initially input to the charger, and the input AC power source 20. An input rectifier 22 for converting to direct current, a charging unit 23 for filtering the pulsation component of the direct current and dividing and charging the two capacitors with a direct current voltage, and zeroing voltage switching of the direct current voltage charged in the charging unit 23 ( ZVS) and a semiconductor switching unit 24 for converting into an AC voltage using a zero current switching (ZCS) method, a voltage converter 25 for transforming the AC voltage into an AC voltage suitable for charging, and the AC voltage An output rectifier 26 for converting the DC voltage into a DC voltage, an output filter unit 27 for filtering the pulsation component of the DC voltage, and detecting the filtered output current and the output voltage and transmitting the same to the microcomputer 2 31. Zeroed switching type battery charger, characterized in that consisting of an output detector (28). According to claim 1, wherein the interior of the temporary charging unit 21 is installed in order to prevent the inrush of overcurrent when the AC power supply 20 is initially input to the charger, the contact relay Ry1, the resistor Rψ and the diode Dψ ) Is a zero-switched switching battery charger, characterized in that configured in series. The semiconductor switching unit (24) of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor switching unit (24) is connected in parallel with the diode (Dq) and comprises a half bridge (HALF BRIDGE) unit consisting of a switch 1 (Q1) and a switch 2 (Q2) of a semiconductor switch, Switch 1 (Q1) and switch 2 (Q2) is composed of inductors (IL1, IL2) for suppressing the ripple generated during switching and for suppressing back EMF generated when the transformer of the voltage converter 25 is saturated. Zero switching battery charger. 4. The semiconductor switching unit 24 receives the fill width modulation signal from the power control unit 39, and switches 1 (Q1) and 2 (Q2) alternately turn on and off the switch 1 (Q1). ) Is turned off and when the back electromotive force becomes 0 volts during the DEAD-TIME when switch 2 (Q2) is on, switch 2 (Q2) is turned on to process the voltage to zero, and the inductor IL1, which is connected in parallel, Switch 1 (Q1) and switch 2 (Q2), characterized by having a function of zeroing the current by the two coils of IL2). 2. The output filter unit 27 is a coil 1 (L1) for limiting the output current, the capacitor 3 (C3) and the resistor 1 (R1) for filtering the pulse of the DC voltage in parallel is smoothed. Zeroed switching type battery charger, characterized in that consisting of a circuit. In the charger for charging a battery, the charger receives a microcomputer 2 (31) for inputting / outputting a control signal of a circuit and storing data, and an input of the microcomputer 2 (31) in response to an output voltage (VOS) of the output detector (28). An output voltage detector 32 for reducing the voltage level and inputting it to the microcomputer 2 31, a mode detector 33 composed of an emergency switch mode and an equal charging mode, and a fuse checker 34 for checking the current state of the fuse. And an overcurrent detector 35 for detecting an overcurrent higher than a current limit input to the microcomputer 2 31, a temperature detector 36 for detecting heat generated in semiconductor devices constituting the charger main circuit, and a charger. Phase checking unit 37 for checking whether one of the three phases (R, S, T) input to the phase is in phase and the input AC power 20 is compared with a preset program to check the voltage difference The voltage detector 38 and the microcomputer 2 31 output the Is a current control unit 39 for outputting a control signal to switch 1 (Q1) and switch 2 (Q2) so that the current command and the output current of the output detection unit 28 coincide, and the contact relay Ry1 of the temporary charging unit 21. And an input control unit 40 for controlling the gate signals of the thyristors S1, S2, and S3, and a display unit 41 for displaying an operating state (charge amount) and an error state of the charger. .