KR20000074753A - Shield tunneling apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A construction equipment and a construction method for non-excavation type tunnel structure are provided to reduce the construction cost and term of work by preventing the underground collapse without special device. CONSTITUTION: A construction equipment comprises; a supporting device which is supported by a retaining reaction wall(27); a prevention device of tunnel collapse which is supported by the supporting device, and prevent the underground(100) collapse, and forms the horizontal tunnel space(102) for tunnel structure; an excavating device which excavates the inside of the horizontal tunnel space; a transferring device which transfer the excavated earthy materials to the out of vertical gang; and construction equipments for tunnel structure which constructs tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space. A construction method comprises the steps of; forming a vertical gang(101) by excavating the ground vertically; installing a retaining reaction wall in the vertical gang, and installing a retaining spacer(26); pushing the prevention device of tunnel collapse underground; excavating; installing tunnel structure; transferring the earthy materials; and removing the earthy materials with crane(25).

Description

Non-adhesive tunnel structure construction apparatus and construction method according thereto {Shield tunneling apparatus and method}

The present invention relates to a tunnel structure construction apparatus and construction method according to the construction that can be quickly and safely construction of the tunnel structure in the ground in a non-attached manner, the construction of various types of tunnel structure.

Typically, various tunnel structure construction methods are used to construct tunnel structures such as underpasses and tunnels.

Representative tunnel structure construction method is to open the tunnel structure by completely attaching the ground where tunnel structure such as underpass and tunnel are to be constructed, and then open trench construction method to construct the tunnel structure by covering the soil stuck on it. (Open Trench Method; OTM) and the non-attachment using the Shield Tunneling Machine without attaching the land to the construction site to form a tunnel, and then the tunnel structure is formed in the formed tunnel. There is a Tunneling Boring Method (TBM). In addition, there is a pipe roof method for constructing tunnels under the road or railway rails and constructing underground structures under the upper ground using pipes.

Among the open trench method (O.T.M.) and tunnel boring method (T.B.M.) method, the representative method currently used is the shield boring method (T.B.M.).

This shield boring method is mainly used in urban areas and soil layers, which are composed of rock layers, which are ground construction structures (roads and buildings, etc.), underground construction structures (sewerage and gas pipes, etc.) and ground traffic flow. This is because tunnels can be constructed with minimal impact.

However, the open trench method and the shield boring method have problems in tunnel construction as follows.

First, in the open trench method, construction is performed after the soil layer is attached to construct an underground structure, which is problematic in that the factory is limited by the ground structure.

In addition, the shield boring method is difficult to apply in the ground mainly by the non-attachment of the tunnel to the rock layer, and since most shield tunneling machines can construct only a circular tunnel structure or an arch tunnel structure, a circular tunnel structure or an elliptical structure In order to construct a rectangular tunnel structure rather than a tunnel structure, it is necessary to construct a tunnel with a diameter larger than the diameter of the tunnel structure, or to use an open trench method or a pipe loop method. There is an increasing problem.

Accordingly, in order to solve the problems of the open trench method and the shield boring method, the present applicant has already applied a non-removable method in Patent Application No. 99-15875 (the name of the invention: the non-removable tunnel structure construction device and the construction method thereof). An apparatus and a method for constructing a tunnel structure have been filed, and the present invention relates to patent application No. 99-15875.

The present invention can stably and quickly construct a short, medium and long distance tunnel structure in the ground, and provides a tunnel structure construction device and construction method that can be used to construct a variety of tunnel structures of circular, arched and square underground. Its purpose is to.

Therefore, the present invention, in the underground tunnel structure construction device for constructing the tunnel structure in the underground to achieve the above object, installed in a vertical gang formed by vertical excavation of the underground to be constructed in a tunnel structure to a certain depth Bracing means supported on the bracing reaction wall; A tunnel collapse preventing means which is supported by the brace means and is excavated into the ground horizontally with respect to the vertical gang to prevent the collapse of the ground to secure a horizontal tunnel space for installing a tunnel structure; Excavating means for excavating the interior of the horizontal tunnel space prevented from collapse by the tunnel collapse preventing means; Transfer means for transferring the excavated soil excavated by the excavating means to the outside of the vertical gang; It is preferable to include a tunnel structure construction means for constructing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space.

The soil disintegration preventing means includes a conical tip shoe which is excavated into the ground; One end is coupled to the tip shoe and the other end is extended to prevent the collapse of the ground to prevent the flow of sediment into the horizontal tunnel space and the front end frame; Comprising a plurality of hydraulic jack cylinders supported by the brace means to push the tip frame by the hydraulic pressure to push the tip shoe into the ground to move forward, the plurality of jack jack cylinders are supported by the brace means and the tip Moving the frame hydraulically allows the tip shoe to be pushed into the ground to prevent collapse of the ground.

In addition, by installing a plurality of direction adjustment jack cylinder between the front end frame and the front end shoe, when the front end frame is excavated into the ground by the hydraulic pressure of the excavating jack cylinder, the direction of the end of the tip shoe is twisted The plurality of directional jack cylinders correct.

The tunnel structure construction means is an internal tunnel structure frame which is spaced apart from the front end frame by a predetermined distance within the horizontal tunnel space, and forms a tunnel structure placing space between the front end frame and the inner tunnel structure frame. Construct by constructing reinforcing steel and concrete directly inside the tunnel structure placing space, or by forming a plurality of panel shapes cut and manufactured by dividing the tunnel structure into concrete, steel sheets, wood, etc. from the outside, and cutting the panel What is necessary is just to fit and assemble in the said horizontal tunnel space.

An underground tunnel structure construction method using the underground tunnel structure factory value comprises: a tunnel structure construction method for constructing a tunnel structure in the ground in a non-adhesive manner, comprising: vertically drilling the underground to a predetermined depth to form a vertical gang; Installing a brace reaction wall on the vertical gang, and installing a brace spacer supported on the brace reaction wall; Continuously pushing the tunnel collapse preventing means, which is supported by the support spacer and is pushed in a horizontal direction with respect to the ground, to prevent collapse of the ground and forms a horizontal tunnel; Digging with excavating means for digging soil in a horizontal tunnel continuously formed by the tunnel collapse preventing means; Continuously installing tunnel structures in the horizontal tunnel space; Transferring the earth and sand excavated by the tunnel excavating means to a transport trolley through a conveyor belt to move to the vertical gang; And lifting the earth and sand moved to the vertical gang by a crane and removing the soil out of the vertical gang.

Here, the continuously installing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space, directly placing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space, or continuously installing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space, the horizontal tunnel A plurality of tunnel structures formed outside the space are divided to form a panel, and the panel-shaped tunnel structures are fitted into the horizontal tunnel space to be assembled and assembled.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the tunnel structure factory of the present invention,

2a, 2b, 2c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for explaining the tunnel structure constructed by the tunnel structure construction means in the tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention,

3a, 3b, 3c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for explaining the tunnel structure constructed by another tunnel structure construction means in the tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention,

FIG. 4 is a view of the tunnel structure of FIG. 3a unfolded,

5 to 9 is an operation state diagram for explaining the operation of the tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention,

10 is a schematic view for explaining a tunnel structure construction method using the present invention tunnel structure factory.

■ Brief description of the main parts of the drawing ■

10: tip shoe 11: tip frame

12: Jack cylinder for direction adjustment 13: Jack cylinder for drilling

14: excavation spacer 15: internal structure frame

16 injection hole 17 coupling clamp

18: reinforced structure 19: concrete pouring

20: tunnel structure panel 21: excavator

22: trowel conveyor belt 23: carrier cart

24: rail 25: crane

26: bracing spacer 27: bracing reaction wall

100: underground 101: vertical gang

102: horizontal tunnel space

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the present invention underground tunnel structure construction apparatus and a construction method according thereto as follows.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the tunnel structure factory factory of the present invention, 2a, 2b, 2c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for explaining the tunnel structure constructed by the tunnel structure construction means in the tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention.

10 is a schematic view for explaining a tunnel structure construction method using the tunnel structure factory factory of the present invention.

First, the inventors of the underground tunnel structure factory of the present invention is a support means that is supported on the brace reaction wall 27 installed in the vertical gang 101 formed by vertical excavation of the underground 100 to the construction of the underground tunnel to a certain depth, Supported by the means and excavated into the ground (100) in the horizontal direction with respect to the vertical gang 101, the earth and sand collapse preventing means for securing the horizontal tunnel space 102 for constructing the tunnel structure to prevent the soil collapse; Excavation means for excavating the earth and sand inside the horizontal tunnel 102 space prevented by the earth and sand collapse prevention means, earth and sand transport means for discharging the excavated soil excavated to the outside of the vertical gang 101, and horizontal Tunnel structure construction means for installing and installing the tunnel structure in the tunnel space 102 is made.

More specifically, the bracing means is installed in accordance with the width of the vertical gang 101 to support the reaction force when the earthquake collapse prevention means are excavated into the ground (100) to prevent the earthquake collapse means from being pushed back. And a plurality of support spacers 26 positioned between the 27 and the soil disintegration preventing means.

And, the soil disintegration preventing means is a conical tip shoe 10 that is excavated into the ground (100), one side is in contact with the tip shoe 10 and the other side is formed to extend long to prevent the soil of the ground (100) collapse The tip frame 11, which serves as a cover to prevent soil from flowing down into the horizontal tunnel space 102, and the tip frame is moved by hydraulic pressure to push the tip shoe 10 into the ground 100 to move forward. It consists of a plurality of drilling jack cylinder (13).

Here, the shape of the front end frame 11 may be various, such as cylindrical, rectangular or arcuate, as shown in Figure 2a, 2b, 2c.

In addition, the excavating jack cylinder 13 moves the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 to form a horizontal tunnel space 103, and the tunnel structure construction means forms the tunnel structure in the formed horizontal tunnel space 102. Upon construction, the excavating jack cylinder 13 is operated again to form a plurality of excavating spacers 14 supporting the excavating jack cylinder 13 to move the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11.

Further, a plurality of direction adjustment jack cylinders 12 are provided between the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11.

This is because the excavating jack cylinder 13 pushes the tip frame 11 by hydraulic pressure to push the tip shoe 10 into the ground 100 to form a horizontal tunnel space in the form of the tip frame 11 and the tip shoe 10. When forming 102, the tip frame 11 is pushed into the ground 100 by pushing the tip frame 11 by the soil state of the ground 100 (soil layer or rock layer) or by a different hydraulic difference of the plurality of excavating jack cylinders 13. Compensation of the excavation direction through the direction adjustment jack cylinder 12 to distort the excavation direction of the tip shoe 10 generated in the process of excavating the (10) so that the horizontal tunnel space 102 can be formed in the desired direction will be.

In addition, the tunnel excavation means may be provided with an excavator 21 in the horizontal tunnel space 102 to excavate the earth and sand, or the worker's labor force, the soil transfer means for carrying the soil excavated by the excavation means. The carousel belt 22 and the excavated earth and sand conveyed by the earthen wheel conveyor belt are loaded and are made up of a plurality of transport trolleys 23 which are transported along the rail 24 to discharge the earth and sand to the vertical gang 101. .

Tunnel structure construction means when the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 is moved by the excavating jack cylinder 13 in conjunction with the excavating jack cylinder 13 is the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 To the internal structure frame 15 to secure the tunnel structure placing space is filled into the reinforcing structure 18 and the concrete pouring 19 to form the tunnel structure is moved into the horizontal tunnel space 102 by the distance moved Is done.

The internal structure frame 15 may also be formed in various shapes such as cylindrical, square or arched to correspond to the shape of the front end frame 11.

Therefore, the tunnel structure placing space of various shapes, such as cylindrical, square, or arched, is formed between the front end frame 11 and the inner structure frame 15, so that the tunnel structure can be constructed.

Here, the internal structure frame 15 is formed in the form of a plurality of panels (Panel) in the form of assembling each other through the coupling clamp 17 to facilitate the assembly and disassembly, the injection hole to fill the concrete pouring 19 ( 16) is formed to fill the concrete pouring to form a tunnel structure.

In addition, referring to Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 4 which are longitudinal cross-sectional views for explaining the tunnel structure constructed by another tunnel structure construction means in the tunnel structure construction device of the present invention, the tunnel structure construction means tunnel structure It is formed in the form of a concrete, steel sheet, wood, etc. in advance from the outside, and then divided into a predetermined size to form a plurality of divided tunnel structure panels (Panel) 20, the plurality of panels 20 May be assembled inside the horizontal tunnel space 102 to form a tunnel structure.

Referring to Figures 5 to 9 the operation of the underground tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration as follows.

First, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of excavation jack cylinders 13 connected to the tip of the support spacer 26 supported by the support reaction wall 27 are operated to push the tip frame 11 to push the tip shoe. (10) is pushed in the horizontal direction with respect to the vertical gang 101 by a hydraulic pressure of the jack cylinder 13 for drilling in the ground (100).

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6 in order to further push the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 into the ground 100, a plurality of excavation spacers 14 are sequentially installed to provide excavation spacers ( 14 to support the excavating jack cylinder (13).

The tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 are pushed into the ground 100 to be prevented from collapsing the ground, and are horizontal as the movement distance of the excavating jack cylinder 13 and the installation distance of the excavating spacer 14. The tunnel space 102 is formed.

Then, the earth and sand inside the horizontal tunnel space 102 is excavated by the excavator 21 and the manpower of the worker, and the excavated earth and sand is loaded on the transport cart 23 through the trolley conveyor belt 22 and the rail It is carried along the 24 to the vertical gang 101.

When the drilling jack cylinder 13 moves the tip shoe 10 and the tip frame 11 by a predetermined distance to secure the horizontal tunnel space 102, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of drilling spacers 14 are installed. ), The internal structure frame 15 is moved to the space occupied by the excavation spacer 14.

Thus, a constant tunnel structure placing space 103 is secured between the moved internal structure frame 15 and the tip frame 11.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the reinforcing structure 18 for forming the tunnel structure is formed in the tunnel structure placing space 103, and the concrete pouring 19 is formed through the inlet 16 of the internal structure frame. When the injection is hardened to form a tunnel structure having a predetermined shape in the form of the tunnel structure placing space 103.

When the tunnel structure is formed, the excavating jack cylinder 13 in contact with the front end portion of the formed tunnel structure is supported by the tunnel structure, as shown in FIG. 9, the front end shoe 10 and the front end frame by hydraulic pressure by a predetermined distance. (11) is pushed into the ground (100), and a plurality of excavation spacers (14) are installed to support the tip shoe (10) and the tip frame (11) further to support the excavating jack cylinder (13). So that it can be pushed further.

Then, the above-described horizontal tunnel space formation and tunnel structure placing process are repeated to form a tunnel structure having various shapes such as cylindrical, square or arched.

In addition, in order to install the tunnel structure as shown in Figs. 3a, 3b, 3c and 4 using the tunnel structure factory factory of the present invention of the tunnel structure construction apparatus of the present invention shown in Figs. Instead of placing and installing the tunnel structure in operation, a separate tunnel structure installation process may be performed.

This does not use an internal structure frame for placing the tunnel structure, it is only necessary to move the prefabricated tunnel structure panel from the outside into the horizontal work space and install it.

The construction method for installing the tunnel structure in the ground with reference to FIG. 10 which is a schematic diagram for explaining the construction method of the tunnel structure using the tunnel structure factory factory of the present invention is as follows.

Securing a vertical gang 101 to excavate the tunnel by vertically excavating the underground 100 where the tunnel is to be constructed to a certain depth, and a supporting reaction wall 27 and a supporting reaction force on the formed vertical gang 101. Installing a support spacer 26 supported on the wall, and putting the soil disintegration preventing means (10 to 13) and the excavating means 21 and the tunnel structure construction means (15 to 20), and the injected soil disintegration preventing means Digging in the horizontal direction with respect to the ground 100 to prevent the collapse of the ground to secure a horizontal tunnel space 102, excavating the inside of the horizontal tunnel space with the excavating means 21, horizontal tunnel space 102 Injecting the tunnel structure construction means (15 to 20) into the inside to form a tunnel structure, the earth and sand excavated by the excavation means 21 is transported to the conveyor belt 22 and mounted on the transport cart 23, and transported Stage to transfer the bogie 23 to the vertical gang 101 The system and the lifting cart 23 transferred to the vertical gang 101 is lifted by the crane 25 and discharged to the outside of the vertical gang 101 to remove.

Here, the forming of the tunnel structure may be performed by directly placing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space 102 or horizontally forming the panel structure in the form of a panel in which a plurality of tunnel structures to be formed in advance are horizontally formed. It fits inside the tunnel space 102 to be assembled and formed.

As described above, the inventors of the underground tunnel structure and the method thereof according to the present invention have secured the horizontal tunnel space in advance in the form of the tunnel to be installed by the earth and sand collapse preventing means, while preventing the collapse of the ground. Excavation means excavation of the soil, the transport means moves the excavated soil to the outside of the horizontal tunnel space can be safely excavated tunnel without fear of underground collapse during the tunnel excavation process.

In addition, the soil disintegration prevention means prevents the collapse of the ground, so that no separate means for preventing the collapse of the ground can be reduced shorten the construction time for the tunnel construction and construction costs.

Claims (8)

In the underground tunnel structure construction device for constructing the tunnel structure in the underground, Support means supported on a support reaction wall provided on a vertical gang formed by vertical excavation of the underground to be constructed with the tunnel structure to a certain depth; A tunnel collapse preventing means which is supported by the brace means and is excavated into the ground horizontally with respect to the vertical gang to prevent the collapse of the ground to secure a horizontal tunnel space for installing a tunnel structure; Excavating means for excavating the interior of the horizontal tunnel space prevented from collapse by the tunnel collapse preventing means; Transfer means for transferring the excavated soil excavated by the excavating means to the outside of the vertical gang; Underground tunnel structure construction device comprising a tunnel structure construction means for constructing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space. The method according to claim 1, The soil disintegration preventing means includes a conical tip shoe which is excavated into the ground; One end is coupled to the tip shoe and the other end is extended to prevent the collapse of the ground to prevent the flow of sediment into the horizontal tunnel space and the front end frame; It consists of a plurality of hydraulic jack cylinder supported by the brace means to push the front end frame by hydraulic pressure to drive the front end shoe into the ground to move forward, The plurality of excavation jack cylinder is supported by the support means, when moving the front end frame hydraulically tunnel structure construction device characterized in that the tip shoe is excavated to the ground to prevent the collapse of the ground. The method according to claim 2, A plurality of direction adjustment jack cylinder is installed between the tip frame and the tip shoe, And the plurality of directional jack jacks correct the twisting direction of the tip shoe when the tip frame is excavated into the ground by the hydraulic pressure of the drilling jack cylinder. The method according to claim 1, The tunnel structure construction means is an internal tunnel structure frame which is positioned to be spaced apart from the front end frame within the horizontal tunnel space, Forming a tunnel structure placing space between the tip frame and the internal tunnel structure frame; Tunnel structure construction device characterized in that the construction by directly placing reinforcement and concrete in the tunnel structure placing space. The method according to claim 1, The tunnel structure construction means cuts the tunnel structure to a predetermined size from the outside to form a plurality of panels, Tunnel structure construction device, characterized in that the construction by fitting the cut pattern in the horizontal tunnel space. In the tunnel structure construction method of constructing the tunnel structure in the underground non-adhesive, Vertically digging the ground to a constant depth to form a vertical gang; Installing a brace reaction wall on the vertical gang, and installing a brace spacer supported on the brace reaction wall; Continuously pushing the tunnel collapse preventing means, which is supported by the support spacer and is pushed in a horizontal direction with respect to the ground, to prevent collapse of the ground and forms a horizontal tunnel; Digging with excavating means for digging soil in a horizontal tunnel continuously formed by the tunnel collapse preventing means; Continuously installing tunnel structures in the horizontal tunnel space; Transferring the earth and sand excavated by the tunnel excavating means to a transport trolley through a conveyor belt to move to the vertical gang; And lifting the earth and sand moved to the vertical gang by a crane and removing the soil to the outside of the vertical gang. The method according to claim 6, Continuously installing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space, Tunnel structure construction method characterized in that the tunnel structure is directly placed in the horizontal tunnel space. The method according to claim 6, Continuously installing the tunnel structure in the horizontal tunnel space, The tunnel structure formed outside the horizontal tunnel space is divided into a plurality of panels, Tunnel structure construction method characterized in that the panel-shaped tunnel structure is fitted to form in the horizontal tunnel space.