KR102628721B1 - 나노입자 재료 및 불화물 이온 배터리의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
나노입자 재료 및 불화물 이온 배터리의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102628721B1 KR102628721B1 KR1020207009507A KR20207009507A KR102628721B1 KR 102628721 B1 KR102628721 B1 KR 102628721B1 KR 1020207009507 A KR1020207009507 A KR 1020207009507A KR 20207009507 A KR20207009507 A KR 20207009507A KR 102628721 B1 KR102628721 B1 KR 102628721B1
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- battery
- metal
- fluoride
- solid
- nanoparticle
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 copper fluoride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical class F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- GTUDDDAAIDEIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 GTUDDDAAIDEIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XQTFNBQBERLQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 XQTFNBQBERLQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triamterene Chemical compound NC1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000806 fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-5-methoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004573 CdF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015475 FeF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017768 LaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014103 Na-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014147 Na—S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021177 SmF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVVSSOQAYNYNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N olaflur Chemical compound F.F.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCO)CCCN(CCO)CCO ZVVSSOQAYNYNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001245 olaflur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/20—Halides
- C01F11/22—Fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/86—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by NMR- or ESR-data
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 1은 CaF2 상으로의 습도를 조사함으로써 증기압 및/또는 볼-밀링으로 인한 표면-안정화 과정을 도시하고;
도 2는 가습된, CaF2 볼-밀링된, 표면-안정화된 나노입자의 SEM 이미지 및 예시적 스케치를 도시하고;
도 3은 낮은 이온 저항을 입증하기 위한 임피던스 분광법 측정을 도시하는데, 이는 상온에서 10-4S/cm의 가습된 CaF2 나노재료(KC1 하에서 24 시간 가습 및 18 시간 볼-밀링) 및 표면 기여를 나타내는 19F-NMR 스펙트럼. 어떠한 HF(불화 수소)도 발견되지 않음;
도 4는 과잉-합성된 CaF2 나노입자의 TEM 이미지 및 상기 CaF2 나노입자의 상응하는 스케치를 도시하고;
도 5는 OH- 대신에 F-에 대한 반대-이온으로서 H3O+를 나타내는 과잉-합성된 CaF2 나노입자의 1H-NMR 스펙트럼을 도시하고(표면-안정화 DEG 및 용매가 또한 존재함);
도 6은 과잉-합성된 CaF2 나노입자의 낮은 이온 저항(즉, 높은 전도도)을 증명하는 임피던스 분광법 측정을 도시하는데, 이는 40 ℃, 60 ℃에서 10-5S/cm 및 증가된 표면 기여를 나타내는 19F 스펙트럼. 어떠한 HF(불화 수소)도 보이지 않음;
도 7은 전기 및 이온 전도성 표면(제 1 층으로서의 그래핀 층), 고 이온 전도성 상간(제 2 층), 및 제 1 층과 제 2 층이 나노입자의 쉘을 형성하는 코어 저장부를 갖는 예시적인 전극 III을 도시한다. 또한, 도 7은 MeFn+x-GSNP의 합성을 개략적으로 도시하고;
도 8은 본 발명에 따른 전기 화학 전지의 예시적인 실시 예를 도시하고;
도 9는 본 발명에 따른 상이한 성분을 포함하는 배터리 펠렛의 사진을 도시하고;
도 10은 공지된 전극 재료(Mg/CoF2)를 갖지만 고체상 FIB가 수행하는 개선된 고체 전해질 재료 및 상온에서의 특성을 갖는 다이어그램을 도시하고;
도 11은 본 발명에 따른 배터리 장치의 예시적인 실시 예 Iva를 도시하며, 여기서 배터리 장치는 흑연 및 결합제를 감소시킬 수 있는 삽입 물질 또는 혼합물과 같은 조성물을 주로 회피할 수 있는 기능화된 나노재료만을 포함하며, 전극 나노입자의 표면은 그 자체로 전기 전도성이고;
도 12는 본 발명에 따른 배터리 장치의 추가 예시적인 실시 예 IVb를 도시하며, 여기서 배터리 장치는 흑연 및 결합제를 감소시킬 수 있는 삽입 물질 또는 혼합물과 같은 조성물을 주로 회피할 수 있는 기능화된 나노재료만을 포함하며, 전극 나노입자의 표면은 그 자체로 전기 전도성이고;
도 13은 25 ℃에서 10-3S/cm의 낮은 이온 저항(즉, 높은 전도도)의 증거로서 PbF2/SnF2 복합물의 IS 측정 및 상이한 상(phase)과 표면 기여를 나타내는 19F-NMR 스펙트럼을 도시한다.
Claims (12)
- 불화물 이온 배터리를 위한 배터리 재료로서, 상온에서 증가된 이온 전도성을 갖는 나노입자 재료를 제조하는 방법에 있어서,
상기 방법은 불소, 및 적어도 하나의 금속, 메탈로이드 또는 비금속을 포함하는 불소 화합물을 제공하는 단계를 포함하고,
여기서, 상기 불소 화합물은 제1 기간 동안 증기압 분위기(atmosphere)에 놓여진 후, 제2 기간 동안 볼-밀(ball-mill) 프로시져에서 처리되고;
여기서, 상기 증기압 분위기는 표면 물리흡착을 위하여 증발 또는 분산된 물 분자를 포함하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 불소 화합물은 화학식 EmmFh+x를 갖고, 여기서 인덱스 m, h 및 x는 상기 불소 화합물에 대한 화학식에서 원자 수, m 곱하기 원소 Em 및 (h+x) 곱하기 불소 F와 관련되고, Em은 Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La 또는 Sm으로부터 선택된 금속, 메탈로이드 또는 비금속이고, x는 0 이상인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 금속 불화물은 CaF2이고, 증기압 공급원은 습도 및/또는 pH를 조절하기에 적합한 KC1 첨가제를 갖는 H2O인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 불소 화합물은 화학식 Em1m1Em2m2 ... Fh1+x1의 금속 불화물 복합물을 포함하고, 여기서 인덱스 m1, m2, ..., h1 및 x1은 상기 불소 화합물에 대한 화학식에서 원자 수, ml 곱하기 원소 Em1, m2 곱하기 원소 Em2, ... 및 (h+x) 곱하기 불소 F와 관련되고, 이는 적어도 2 개의 불화물을 포함하고, 적어도 2 개의 원소 Em1 및 Em2는 Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La 또는 Sm으로부터 상이하게 선택되고, x1은 0 이상인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1 기간은 1 시간 내지 48 시간이고, 상기 제2 기간은 1 시간 내지 48 시간인 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, Em1은 Ca, Ba 또는 Pb로부터 선택되고, Em2는 Sn 또는 Sm으로부터 선택되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 그래핀; 나노튜브; 카본-블랙, 흑연, Si, 및/또는 CFx로부터 선택된 추가 첨가제; 또는 이들의 혼합물의 분산(dispersion)으로 상기 배터리 재료를 처리하는 단계를 추가로 포함하고, 이에 의해 그래핀 또는 나노튜브로 기능화된 표면을 갖는 나노입자를 생성하는 방법.
- 양극 재료, 음극 재료 및 전해질 재료를 포함하는 고체상 불화물 이온 배터리(FIB)로서, 상기 양극 재료는 제7항에 따라 제조된 배터리 재료를 포함하고, 상기 음극 재료는 제7항에 따라 제조된 배터리 재료를 포함하고, 상기 전해질 재료는 제1항에 따라 제조된 배터리 재료를 포함하거나, 또는 상기 전해질 재료는 나노튜브, 및/또는 카본-블랙, 흑연, Si 및/또는 CFx로부터 선택된 첨가제로부터 선택된 배터리 재료를 포함하는 고체상 불화물 이온 배터리(FIB).
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