KR102367150B1 - Antimicrobial-antiviral coating agent and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antibacterial antiviral coating agent and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is an antibacterial antiviral coating agent which comprises: 9.2 to 27.5 wt% of a resin; 0.28 to 0.83 wt% of zinc; 0.28 to 0.83 wt% of an ion transporter; 0.28 to 0.83 wt% of catechin; 17.9 to 72.1 wt% of demineralized water; 16.4 to 72.1 wt% of a buffer solution; and the residues of other additives.

Description

Antibacterial antiviral coating agent and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention relates to an antibacterial antiviral coating agent and a method for preparing the same.

As interest in antibacterial and antiviral treatment of various items widely exposed in daily life increases, various efforts are being made to prevent penetration of bacteria and viruses.

For example, not only smartphones, but also contact-actuated devices such as ATMs and elevator buttons are easily exposed to a large amount of bacteria and viruses, so for objects that are frequently touched in daily life, coatings containing antibacterial and antiviral substances There are many methods of applying the

However, in the case of the conventional antibacterial antiviral coating agent, since the coating agent is a particle, when the coating agent is applied to an object, a clogging phenomenon is caused in the nozzle from which the coating agent is discharged, or when the coating agent is sprayed, the nozzle passes through the nozzle due to clogging. It was difficult to spray.

In addition, in the case of the conventional antibacterial antiviral coating agent, the particle size of the antibacterial antiviral material included in the coating agent is not uniform, so when the coating agent is applied to the object, the coating layer is not evenly distributed on the object, or the coating layer is formed opaque. It was difficult to use in a display device.

Accordingly, there is a need for an antibacterial and antiviral coating agent capable of forming a transparent coating layer while uniformly applying a coating solution to an object without clogging the nozzle.

One embodiment of the present invention was invented based on the above background, and when the coating solution is applied to an object, it is possible to uniformly apply the coating solution to the surface of the object without clogging the nozzle, and to form a transparent coating layer. An object of the present invention is to provide a virus coating agent and a method for preparing the same.

According to an aspect of the present invention, resin 9.2wt% to 27.5wt%; 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% zinc; 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of an ion carrier; 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of Catechin; 17.8 wt % to 53.6 wt % delonized water; 16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt% of a buffer solution; and the remainder may be provided with an antibacterial antiviral coating comprising other additives.

In this case, the resin may include at least one selected from a polyurethane-based resin, an acrylic-based resin, and a polyester-based resin.

In addition, the ion carrier may include 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of sodium pyrithione.

In addition, the ion carrier may include at least one selected from sodium pyrithione, hinokitiol, sodium hinokitiol, and zinc pyrithione.

In addition, the zinc includes zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc citrate, zinc citrate dihydrate, zinc citrate trihydrate, zinc gluconate and It may include one or more selected from zinc gluconate hydrate (Zinc Gluconate Hydrate) and zinc acetate dihydrate (Zinc acetate dihydrate).

In addition, the buffer solution is potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate, monobasic), sodium chloride (Sodium chloride), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Sodium phosphate dibasic), dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimethyl sulfoxide) and potassium chloride (Potassium chloride) at least one selected from may include

In addition, the catechins include epigallocatechin gallate ((-)Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)), epigallocatechin ((-)Epigallocatechin (EGC)), It may include one or more selected from catechin ((+)Catechin(C)) and epicatechin ((-)Epicatechin(EC)).

According to one aspect of the present invention, in the method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating agent comprising resin, zinc, an ion transporter, catechin, demineralized water, a buffer solution, and the remainder other additives, a buffer for preparing a buffer solution containing demineralized water and buffer solution liquid preparation step; A dissolution solution preparation step of preparing a dissolution solution by dissolving zinc in the prepared buffer solution; An ion transporter stirring step in which an ion transporter is added to the prepared dissolution solution and stirred; A catechin stirring step in which the ion transporter is stirred by adding catechin to the stirred solution; a bead milling step of pulverizing the material in the dissolved solution in a dispersed state; And a method for producing an antibacterial antiviral coating agent comprising a resin stirring step of stirring by adding the resin to the bead mill pulverized dissolution solution may be provided.

At this time, in the ion carrier stirring step of adding and stirring the ion carrier, sodium pyrithione is added to the dissolution solution and stirred, and then hinokitiol may be added to further stir.

In addition, in the dissolution solution manufacturing step, the dissolution solution containing zinc is stirred for 0.4 to 0.6 hours in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer, and the ion carrier stirring step is to stir the dissolved solution containing the ion carrier using a stirrer. Using a stirrer in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM for 0.4 to 0.6 hours, the catechin stirring step is to stir the dissolved solution containing catechins in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer for 0.4 to 0.6 hours, the resin In the stirring step, the dissolved solution containing the resin may be stirred for 1 to 2 hours in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer.

In addition, in the bead milling step, the dissolution solution may be pulverized in a wet bead mill apparatus in a range of 1200 RPM to 1500 RPM for 1 to 2 hours.

In addition, the resin is in the range of 9.2 wt% to 27.5 wt%, the zinc is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%, the ion transporter is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%, and the catechin is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% wt%, the demineralized water may be in the range of 17.8 wt% to 53.6 wt%, and the buffer solution may be in the range of 16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in a state in which the antibacterial antiviral material is uniformly distributed in the antibacterial antiviral coating agent, by spraying uniformly on the surface of the object, it is possible to prevent the coating agent from aggregating on the surface of the object in advance. It works.

In addition, since an embodiment of the present invention can form a transparent coating layer on the surface of an object, it is possible to provide excellent aesthetics for the surface of the object, and it is possible to apply variously to objects such as electronic products requiring a transparent coating layer. It works.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the components of the coating agent are completely dissolved in the form of ions, it is possible to apply to an object in a particle-free state, thereby preventing nozzle clogging by the coating agent in advance.

1 is a state diagram showing an antibacterial and antiviral mechanism in a state in which an antibacterial antiviral coating agent is coated on an object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a photograph showing the antibacterial activity of the antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram showing a method for manufacturing an antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments for implementing the technical idea of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The terminology used herein is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

The meaning of "comprising," as used herein, specifies a particular characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, and other specific characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element, component, and/or group. It does not exclude the existence or addition of

Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a state diagram showing an antibacterial and antiviral mechanism in a state in which an antibacterial antiviral coating agent is coated on an object according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the antibacterial antiviral coating agent 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an antibacterial antiviral composition for antibacterial and antiviral coating on the surface of the object 1 .

The antibacterial and antiviral coating agent 10 may include resin, zinc, an ion transporter, catechin, demineralized water, a buffer solution, and the remainder of additives. At least a portion of the components of the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent 10 may be in the form of ions.

Specifically, the resin may induce ions to move rapidly and to activate the antiviral function. As the resin, one of a polyurethane-based resin, an acrylic-based resin, and a polyester-based resin may be used. In this embodiment, polyurethane-based polyurethane (Polyurethane dispersion: PUD) may be used as a composition of the coating agent.

The resin may be composed of 9.2 wt% to 27.5 wt% of the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10). If the resin content is less than 9.2 wt%, the adhesion to the object to be coated (eg, electronic device, flooring, furniture, plastic surface, etc.) is reduced. In addition, when the resin is more than 27.5 wt%, the content of the antibacterial antiviral material exhibiting a relatively antiviral effect is reduced, and the antiviral effect may be reduced.

In particular, the resin can maintain a constant weight ratio with respect to zinc, sodium pyrithione, catechin and hinokitiol. For example, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin, 3 parts by weight of zinc, 1.5 parts by weight of sodium pyrithione, 3 parts by weight of catechin, and 1.5 parts by weight of hinokitiol may be maintained.

Zinc mainly has a +2-valent oxidation state. Zinc ions (11: Zn ²⁺ ) may provide an antiviral effect. Zinc ions (11: Zn ²⁺ ) cannot pass through the capsid (V1: Capsid) of the virus (V) alone, but can pass through the capsid (V1) of the virus (V) through the ion carrier 12 . Zinc ions (Zn ²⁺ ) passing through the capsid (V1) of the virus (V) can provide an antiviral function, such as inhibiting RNA replication of the virus (V).

Zinc is Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate, Zinc Citrate, Zinc Citrate Dihydrate, Zinc Citrate trihydrate, Zinc Gluconate and Zinc Gluconate. Any one of hydrate (Zinc Gluconate Hydrate) and zinc acetate dihydrate (Zinc acetate dehydrate) may be used. In this embodiment, zinc acetate dehydrate may be used as the composition of the coating agent.

Zinc may be composed of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10). If the content of zinc is less than 0.28 wt%, the antibacterial and antiviral effects are not properly exhibited. In addition, when the zinc content exceeds 0.83 wt%, the transparency of the product rapidly deteriorates, and a precipitation phenomenon may occur due to supersaturation of the particles in the solution, thereby reducing the storage stability of the product.

The ion carrier 12 may provide a function of helping zinc ions (Zn ²⁺ ) to pass through the capsid (V1) of the virus (V). The ion carrier may be composed of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10). As the ion carrier, sodium pyrithione may be used.

Sodium pyrithione (Sodium Pyrithone) is a water-soluble substance that is soluble in water. It can transport zinc ions (Zn ²⁺ ) through the capsid (V1) of the virus (V) and prevent the generation of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. can be suppressed or destroyed.

Sodium pyrithione may be 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% in the antibacterial antiviral coating agent (10). If the content of sodium pyrithione is less than 0.28 wt%, the ion transport function of allowing zinc ions (Zn ²⁺ ) to pass through the capsid (V1) of the virus (V) cannot be effectively implemented. In addition, when the content of sodium pyrithione exceeds 0.83 wt%, solubility problems may occur in the coating agent, resulting in precipitation and phase separation.

In this embodiment, sodium pyrithione (Sodium Pyrithione) is used as the ion carrier, but hinokitiol (14: Hinokitiol) having excellent antiviral effect against a specific virus may be further added. Hinokitiol (14: Hinokitiol) can damage the enzyme (V2) in the capsid (V1) of the virus (V). The hinokitiol may be composed of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% in the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10). If the content of hinokitiol is less than 0.28 wt%, the ability to damage the enzyme (V2) in the capsid (V1) of the virus (V) may be reduced. In addition, when the content of hinokitiol exceeds 0.83 wt%, solubility problems may occur in the coating agent, and precipitation and phase separation may occur. In addition, the ion carrier may include sodium hinokitiol or zinc pyrithione.

Catechin (13: Catechin) can strongly inhibit the replication of the virus (V) and provide the function of damaging the envelope protein (V3) by changing the physical properties of the envelope protein (V3) of the virus (V). there is. Catechin may be composed of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% in the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10).

In this embodiment, epigallocatechin gallate ((-)Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) may be used as a composition of the coating agent, but is not limited thereto, and various types of catechins may be used. . For example, catechin is epigallocatechin ((-)Epigallocatechin (EGC)), epicatechin gallate ((-)Epicatechin gallate (ECG)), catechin ((+)Catechin (C)) or epicatechin (( -) Epicatechin (EC)) can be used as a composition of the coating agent.

The demineralized water may be comprised of 17.9 wt% to 53.6 wt% of the antibacterial antiviral coating agent (10). If the content of demineralized water is less than 17.8 wt%, the emulsion state of the initial resin may be unstable and compatibility problems may occur. When the content of demineralized water exceeds 53.6 wt%, the ratio of the buffer solution in the coating agent solution is reduced, so that it is not easy to control the acidity, so compatibility of materials and gelation of the product may occur.

Buffer solution contains one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate, monobasic), sodium chloride (Sodium chloride), sodium phosphate dibasic, dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimethyl sulfoxide) or potassium chloride (Potassium chloride) can do.

The buffer solution serves to buffer the rapid change in pH of the solution in the process of dissolving the antiviral substance using the pH 7.0 buffer solution.

The buffer solution may be comprised of 16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt% of the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent (10). If the buffer solution is less than 16.4 wt%, the solid content is too high and the viscosity rises and spreadability is lowered, so a problem that the coating surface may become non-uniform may occur. If the buffer solution is more than 72.1 wt%, the solid content becomes too low. Therefore, it may be difficult to form a minimum coating thickness to exhibit antibacterial and antiviral activity.

Other additives may include a dispersing agent for preventing agglomeration of the fine particles. The dispersing agent (Conditioning Agent) can prevent the aggregation of micro-particles generated when large particles and agglomerated substances are pulverized into smaller particles and colloidal particles, and the antibacterial and antiviral substances are uniformly mixed in the acrylic resin solution. can do. Such a dispersant may prevent agglomeration of fine particles when the material is pulverized through the feed mill process. In addition, other additives may include an acidic material for adjusting the acidity of a solution in which the pulverized material is dissolved.

2 is a photograph showing the antibacterial activity of the antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , in the test evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to this example, the antibacterial antiviral coating agent was uniformly spray-coated on a standard film, and then the antibacterial activity was measured after 24 hours.

As a result of the measurement of the antibacterial activity value, the comparison target (BLANK) was measured to have no antibacterial effect, whereas the present invention (#1) showed 6.1 (99.9%) antibacterial activity. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.

[Table 1]

Hereinafter, an antibacterial antiviral coating agent manufacturing method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .

Referring to Figure 3, the antibacterial and antiviral coating agent manufacturing method, buffer solution preparation step (S100), dissolution solution preparation step (S200), ion carrier stirring step (S300), catechin stirring step (S400), bead mill step (S500) ) and a resin stirring step (S600).

In the buffer solution preparation step (S100), a buffer solution containing demineralized water and a buffer solution may be prepared. For the preparation of the buffer solution, 17.8 wt% to 53.6 wt% of demineralized water and 16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt% of the buffer solution may be mixed in the buffer solution preparation step (S100).

In the dissolution solution preparation step (S200), a dissolution solution obtained by dissolving zinc in a buffer solution may be prepared. The content of zinc added to the buffer solution in the dissolution solution preparation step (S200) may be 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%. In the state in which zinc is added to the buffer solution in the dissolution solution manufacturing step (S200), the driving speed of the stirrer is operated in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM depending on the concentration and viscosity of the buffer solution, and the stirrer is 0.28 for the zinc-mixed solution solution. It can be stirred for ~0.83 hours.

In the ion carrier stirring step (S300), the ion carrier may be added to the dissolution solution and stirred. The content of the ion carrier added to the dissolution solution in the stirring step (S300) of the ion carrier may be 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%. The dissolution solution containing the ion carrier may be stirred by a stirrer. At this time, the driving speed of the stirrer is operated in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM, and the stirrer can stir the dissolved solution mixed with the ion carrier for 0.4 to 0.6 hours.

In the catechin stirring step (S400), catechin may be added to the dissolved solution in which the ion transporter is stirred and stirred. The content of catechins added to the dissolution solution in the catechin stirring step (S400) may be 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%. In the state in which catechin is added to the dissolved solution in the catechin stirring step (S400), the stirrer may stir the dissolved solution for 0.4 to 0.6 hours at a driving speed of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM depending on the concentration, viscosity, etc. of the dissolved solution.

The bead milling step (S500) is a process of pulverizing the material in the dissolved solution in a dispersed state. The grinding device used in the bead mill step (S500) may be a wet bead mill (Bead Mill) device. Wet bead milling equipment can grind the material in the dissolution solution for 1-2 hours in the range of 200 RPM to 1500 RPM.

In the resin stirring step (S600), the resin may be added to the dissolved solution and stirred. In the resin stirring step (S600), the content of the resin added to the dissolving solution may be 8.7 wt% to 9.7 wt%. In the resin stirring step (S600), in a state in which the resin is added to the dissolved solution, the stirrer may stir the dissolved solution for 1 to 2 hours at a driving speed of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM depending on the concentration, viscosity, etc. of the dissolved solution.

In the resin stirring step (S600), a dispersing agent may be included. The dispersing agent (Conditioning Agent) can prevent the aggregation of micro-particles generated when large particles and agglomerated substances are pulverized into smaller particles and colloidal particles, and the antibacterial and antiviral substances are uniformly mixed in the acrylic resin solution. can do. Such a dispersant may prevent agglomeration of fine particles when the material is pulverized through the feed mill process. In addition, other additives may include an acidic material for adjusting the acidity of a solution in which the pulverized material is dissolved.

As described above, the antibacterial antiviral coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention can prevent the coating agent from aggregating on the surface of the object by uniformly spraying the antibacterial antiviral coating agent on the surface of the object, and It is possible to provide excellent effects such as being able to form a transparent coating layer on the surface.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described as specific embodiments, these are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and should be construed as having the widest scope according to the technical idea disclosed in the present specification. A person skilled in the art may implement a pattern of a shape not specified by combining/substituting the disclosed embodiments, but this also does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art can easily change or modify the disclosed embodiments based on the present specification, and it is clear that such changes or modifications also fall within the scope of the present invention.

1: object 11: zinc ion
12: ion transporter 13: catechin
14: hinokitiol 100: antibacterial antiviral coating agent
V: Virus V1: Capsid
V2: enzyme V3: envelope protein

Claims (12)

9.2 wt% to 27.5 wt% resin;
0.28 wt % to 0.83 wt % zinc;
0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of an ion transporter;
0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% of Catechin;
17.8 wt % to 53.6 wt % delonized water;
16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt% of a buffer solution; and
the remainder including other additives,
The ion carrier is
Containing sodium pyrithione (Sodium Pyrithione),
The buffer solution is
In order to buffer the sudden change in pH of the solution in the process of dissolving the antiviral substance, a pH 7.0 buffer solution is used,
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
the zinc
capable of passing through the capsid of the virus through the ion transporter ionized into zinc ions,
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
The remainder of the other additives
A dispersing agent that prevents agglomeration of fine particles produced when large particles and agglomerated material are pulverized into smaller particles and colloidal particles;
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
The ion carrier is
Hinoki thiol (Hinokitiol), sodium hinokitiol (Sodium Hinokitiol) and zinc pyrithione (Zinc pyrithione) further comprising at least one selected from,
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
the zinc
At least one selected from zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc citrate, zinc citrate dihydrate, zinc citrate trihydrate, and zinc acetate dehydrate containing,
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
The buffer solution is
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate, monobasic), sodium chloride (Sodium chloride), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Sodium phosphate dibasic), dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimethyl sulfoxide) and potassium chloride (Potassium chloride) containing one or more selected from,
Antibacterial antiviral coating. The method of claim 1,
The catechins are
Epigallocatechin gallate ((-)Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)), epigallocatechin ((-)Epigallocatechin (EGC)), epicatechin gallate ((-)Epicatechin gallate (ECG)) and catechins ((+) Catechin (C)), including one or more selected from epicatechin ((-)Epicatechin (EC)),
Antibacterial antiviral coating. In the method for manufacturing an antibacterial antiviral coating agent comprising resin, zinc, an ion transporter, catechin, demineralized water, a buffer solution, and the remainder other additives,
A buffer solution preparation step of preparing a buffer solution containing demineralized water and a buffer solution;
A dissolution solution preparation step of preparing a dissolution solution by dissolving zinc in the prepared buffer solution;
An ion transporter stirring step in which an ion transporter is added to the prepared dissolution solution and stirred;
A catechin stirring step in which the ion transporter is stirred by adding catechin to the stirred solution;
a bead milling step of pulverizing the material in the dissolving solution in a dispersed state; and
Including a resin stirring step in which the resin is added to the bead mill pulverized dissolution solution and stirred,
The ion carrier is
Containing sodium pyrithione (Sodium Pyrithione),
The buffer solution is
In order to buffer the sudden change in pH of the solution in the process of dissolving the antiviral substance, a pH 7.0 buffer solution is used,
A method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating. 9. The method of claim 8,
The ion carrier stirring step of adding and stirring the ion carrier is,
After adding sodium pyrithione to the dissolution solution and stirring, hinokitiol is added and further stirred,
A method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating. 9. The method of claim 8,
The dissolution solution preparation step is
The dissolved solution containing zinc is stirred for 0.4 to 0.6 hours in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer,
The ion carrier stirring step is
The dissolved solution containing the ion carrier is stirred for 0.4 to 0.6 hours in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer,
The catechin stirring step is
The dissolved solution containing catechin is stirred for 0.4 to 0.6 hours in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM using a stirrer,
The resin stirring step
Agitating the dissolution solution containing the resin in the range of 1300 RPM to 1700 RPM for 1 to 2 hours using a stirrer,
A method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating. 9. The method of claim 8,
The bead mill step
pulverizing the dissolution solution in a wet bead mill device, in the range of 1200 RPM to 1500 RPM for 1 to 2 hours,
A method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating. 9. The method of claim 8,
The resin is in the range of 9.2 wt% to 27.5 wt%, the zinc is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%, the ion transporter is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt%, and the catechin is in the range of 0.28 wt% to 0.83 wt% range, wherein the demineralized water is in the range of 17.8 wt% to 53.6 wt%, and the buffer solution is in the range of 16.4 wt% to 72.1 wt%,
A method for preparing an antibacterial antiviral coating.

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