KR101793770B1 - 팔라듐계 코어 나노입자 상에 완전한 백금 단층을 제조하는 방법 - Google Patents
팔라듐계 코어 나노입자 상에 완전한 백금 단층을 제조하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 310
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical group [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VEJOYRPGKZZTJW-FDGPNNRMSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O VEJOYRPGKZZTJW-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound Br[Pt]Br KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- INXLGDBFWGBBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dicyanide Chemical compound [Pt+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] INXLGDBFWGBBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- -1 platinum ion Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004758 underpotential deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 도 1의 촉매층에 사용되는 코어-쉘 촉매의 확대도이다.
도 3a는 백금으로 피복된 표면적의 비율이 증가한 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 제조하는 방법을 예시하는 블록 선도이다.
도 3b는 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 한 방법을 예시하는 블록 선도이다.
도 3c는 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 다른 방법을 예시하는 블록 선도이다.
도 3d는 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 추가적인 방법을 예시하는 블록 선도이다.
코어-쉘 나노입자 | Pt 질량 활성도(A/mg) | ICP |
A | 0.2 | Pt: 10.9% Pd: 14.7% Cu: 0.5% |
B | 0.4 | Pt: 13.2% Pd: 13.3% Cu: 0.2% |
코어-쉘 나노입자 | Pt 질량 활성도(A/mg) |
C | 0.4 |
D | 0.6 |
Claims (22)
- 백금 쉘로 에워싸인 팔라듐 코어를 가지는 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 형성하는 단계와,
상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 추가 가공함으로써 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 쉘 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 쉘 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 단계는 전기화학 전지의 촉매층에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 합체하기 전에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 전위 순환 중에 상기 팔라듐 코어의 나노입자로부터 침출된 팔라듐을 재순환시키는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 백금 쉘 피복된 표면적의 비율을 증가시키는 단계는,
상기 팔라듐 코어에 수소가 흡수되도록 수소 환경에서 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 저장하는 단계와,
상기 팔라듐 코어에 흡수된 수소로 백금 염을 환원함으로써 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자 표면에 백금 원자를 증착하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법. - 제2항에 있어서, 상기 백금 염은 백금(Ⅱ) 염인 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 백금 염은 포타슘 테트라클로로플라티네이트(K2PtCl4), 하이드로젠 헥사클로로플라티네이트(H2PtCl4), 백금(Ⅱ) 시아나이드(Pt(CN)2), 백금(Ⅱ) 클로라이드(PtCl2), 백금(Ⅱ) 브로마이드(PtBr2) 및 백금(Ⅱ) 아세틸아세토네이트(Pt(acac)2)로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자 표면에 백금 원자를 증착하는 단계는,
불활성 분위기에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 노출시키는 단계와,
백금 염을 함유한 수성 용액과 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법. - 제2항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자는 상기 백금 염의 환원에 의해 백금 원자가 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 표면에 증착된 후에 보다 큰 중량%의 백금과 보다 작은 중량%의 팔라듐을 가지는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계는 0.65 V와 1.0 V 사이의 전압으로 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계는 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 각각의 전위에서 적어도 5초 동안 및 적어도 50회의 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 질량 활성도는 상기 전위 순환 후에 적어도 20%만큼 증가하는 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 팔라듐 나노입자 코어에 구리를 증착하는 단계와,
백금 원자의 쉘로 구리를 치환하여 코어-쉘 나노입자를 형성하되 상기 쉘은 상기 팔라듐 나노입자 코어의 외면의 일부를 피복하는 코어-쉘 나노입자의 형성 단계와,
백금 원자에 의한 상기 코어-쉘 나노입자의 표면적 피복 비율이 증가하도록 구리의 치환 후에 상기 쉘의 핀홀을 감소시키는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 쉘의 핀홀을 감소시키는 단계는 전기화학 전지의 촉매층에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 합체하기 전에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 전위 순환 중에 상기 팔라듐 나노입자 코어의 나노입자로부터 침출된 팔라듐을 재순환시키는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법. - 제11항에 있어서, 상기 쉘의 핀홀을 감소시키는 단계는,
수소 환경에 상기 코어-쉘 나노입자를 노출시키는 단계와,
상기 수소 환경에 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 저장한 후에 백금 염을 함유한 수성 혼합물과 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법. - 제12항에 있어서, 상기 수성 혼합물과 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 혼합하는 단계는 불활성 환경에서 백금 염을 함유한 수성 혼합물과 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자를 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 불활성 환경은 질소 환경과 아르곤 환경 중에서 선택되는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 백금 염은 백금(Ⅱ) 염인 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 백금 염은 포타슘 테트라클로로플라티네이트(K2PtCl4), 하이드로젠 헥사클로로플라티네이트(H2PtCl4), 백금(Ⅱ) 시아나이드(Pt(CN)2), 백금(Ⅱ) 클로라이드(PtCl2), 백금(Ⅱ) 브로마이드(PtBr2) 및 백금(Ⅱ) 아세틸아세토네이트(Pt(acac)2)로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 쉘의 핀홀을 감소시키는 단계 후에, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자는 상기 핀홀을 감소시키는 단계 이전과 비교하여 보다 큰 중량%의 백금과 보다 작은 중량%의 팔라듐을 함유하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 삭제
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계는 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 5초 동안의 0.65 V와 5초 동안의 1.0 V 사이에서 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계는 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 50회 이상 및 5000회 미만의 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
- 삭제
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 대해 전위 순환을 수행하는 단계 후에, 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자의 질량 활성도가 전위 순환 단계 전의 상기 코어-쉘 촉매 나노입자에 비해 20%만큼 증가하는 전기화학 전지용 촉매 나노입자의 형성 방법.
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US9610566B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2017-04-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of forming a catalyst with an atomic layer of platinum atoms |
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FR2992235B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-25 | 2017-04-28 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Nanoparticules creuses de platine pour piles a combustible |
GB201300810D0 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-02-27 | Llika Technologies Ltd | Composite Materials |
GB2509916A (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-23 | Ilika Technologies Ltd | A mixed metal oxide material of tantalum and titanium |
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DE112013006956B4 (de) | 2013-04-18 | 2022-01-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Katalysator für Brennstoffzellen, Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben und Brennstoffzelle |
KR20160008225A (ko) | 2013-05-10 | 2016-01-21 | 니뽄 고아 가부시끼가이샤 | 연료 전지용 전극 촉매, 및 촉매를 활성화시키는 방법 |
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JP6020506B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-11-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒微粒子及びカーボン担持触媒の各製造方法 |
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JP6500174B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-26 | 2019-04-17 | 株式会社新光化学工業所 | パラジウムコア白金シェルナノ粒子、その製造装置及び製造方法ならびに電池 |
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