KR101722314B1 - Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array - Google Patents
Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101722314B1 KR101722314B1 KR1020150080583A KR20150080583A KR101722314B1 KR 101722314 B1 KR101722314 B1 KR 101722314B1 KR 1020150080583 A KR1020150080583 A KR 1020150080583A KR 20150080583 A KR20150080583 A KR 20150080583A KR 101722314 B1 KR101722314 B1 KR 101722314B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- scintillator
- group
- optically connected
- sensor
- scintillator group
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2002—Optical details, e.g. reflecting or diffusing layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2006—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using a combination of a scintillator and photodetector which measures the means radiation intensity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
A three-dimensional gamma-ray reaction position detection method and module are described. The detection module includes a first scintillator group in which at least one bar-shaped scintillator is arranged in parallel, a first scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillation group, and at least one rod And at least one of the first and second scintillator groups being optically connected to at least one of the first scintillator group and the second scintillation group, wherein at least one of the first scintillator group and the second scintillation group sensing light generated by the interaction of the gamma- Lt; / RTI > At this time, the joined portions of the scintillators placed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are optically connected without being treated with the reflector material.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to detecting a gamma ray reaction position, and more particularly, to gamma ray reaction position detection using a cross array of scintillation pixels.
In the case of acquiring images from positron emission tomography (PET), there is a problem that parallax errors cause the resolution of the image due to degradation of the resolution of the outer source. Therefore, there is a problem.
The PET apparatus is provided with a radiation detector module that receives a gamma ray when acquiring a tomographic image and converts the incident position and energy of the gamma ray to an electric signal, and is divided into a scintillation camera or a semiconductor detector.
The scintillation camera is composed of a scintillator composed of NaI crystals, BGO or LSO, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The gamma ray incident on the scintillator is converted into an optical signal, As shown in FIG. The semiconductor detector is constituted by arranging a plurality of semiconductor detection elements such as CdTe and CdZnTe, which generate charges due to the incidence of a gamma ray, in a planar (matrix-like) shape and discretely. However, in the conventional radiation detector as described above, when acquiring a tomographic image in a PET device, there is a problem that the spatial resolution due to the gamma ray incident on the surface of the detector module at the periphery of the measurement field is lowered. A technique for measuring the depth of gamma ray reaction in a radiation detector has become necessary.
Korean Patent Publication No. 1169708 discloses a method of detecting a reaction depth using a plurality of scintillators, but it is necessary to use many different types of scintillators when dividing the reaction site into several layers, So that there is a difficulty in manufacturing.
On the other hand, in the method of attaching the sensor on both sides and finding the depth of reaction through the ratio of light, a single type of scintillator is used. However, a pixel map is required for each scintillator module and reaction depth, There is a problem that it takes much time to manufacture. And a method and module for detecting gamma ray response depth are required.
The present invention provides a method and module for detecting a reaction position of a three-dimensional gamma ray by positioning a sensor on a top surface, a bottom surface, and a side surface.
The present invention also provides a method and module for detecting a three-dimensional gamma-ray reaction position using a small number of sensors in a single scintillator, but without any additional correction.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the three-dimensional gamma ray reaction position detecting module includes a first scintillator group in which at least one bar-shaped scintillator is arranged in parallel, a first scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillator group, And at least one bar-shaped scintillator is arranged in parallel with the first scintillator group and the second scintillator group in a direction rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the first scintillator group and the first or second scintillator group, And at least one sensor for sensing the light generated by the interaction of the light sources.
At this time, the joined portions of the scintillators placed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are optically connected without being treated with the reflector material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional gamma ray reaction position detecting module, comprising: a first scintillator group arranged so that N rod-shaped scintillators are arranged in parallel, a first scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillator group, A second scintillator group in which M rod-shaped scintillators are arranged in a direction rotated 90 degrees with respect to the first scintillator group, and N bar-shaped scintillators arranged optically connected to the rear surface of the second scintillator group and rotated 90 degrees with the scintillators in the second scintillator group And at least one sensor that is optically connected to the first, second, or third scintillator group and senses light generated by interaction with the gamma rays. The first, second, and third scintillator groups constitute N / 3 submodules, and the second column of the submodules is rotated 90 degrees with the first and third columns to be optically connected.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional gamma-ray-responsive position detecting scintillator is optically connected to the first scintillator group arranged in parallel with the bar-shaped scintillators and to the rear surface of the first scintillator group, And a second scintillator group in which rod-shaped scintillators are arranged in parallel in a direction rotated by 90 degrees, wherein the first or second scintillator group is optically coupled to at least one sensor for sensing light generated by interaction with gamma rays .
According to the present invention, an accurate gamma ray reaction position can be found without correction and a three-dimensional pixel map can be generated.
According to the present invention, a gamma ray reaction position is searched through a three-dimensional pixel map, a pixel map is easily created, and a correction operation with an actual reaction position is unnecessary.
According to the present invention, it is convenient to apply to a system because data processing is simple by using a small number of sensors and the cost for the detector module configuration is minimized.
1 is an example of a detector module having a structure in which scintillators are connected according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an example showing an individual structure of scintillators according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows an example of a process in which light generated from a scintillator reaches a sensor by reacting with a gamma ray.
4 is another example of a gamma-ray reaction position detector module according to the present invention.
5 is yet another example of a gamma-ray responsive position detector module according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the position of each coordinate of (x, y, z) according to the present invention through an anchor expression.
7 is an example showing simulation results of a three-dimensional flooded image detected by a detector module according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The sizes and shapes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience. In addition, terms defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may be changed according to the intention or custom of the user, the operator. Definitions of these terms should be based on the content of this specification. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Of course.
Hereinafter, a method and module for detecting a three-dimensional gamma-ray reaction position using a cross arrangement of scintillation pixels according to the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, the scintillation pixel is also referred to as a scintillation pixel or scintillator, and is referred to as a scintillator for the sake of convenience.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gamma ray reaction position is measured or detected by crossing the scintillators and connecting the sensor to the lower surface or the side surface. Hereinafter, the reaction position refers to the position where the gamma ray and the scintillator reacted in the three-dimensional (e.g., xyz plane), and the reaction depth refers to the position where the gamma ray and the scintillator reacted in the z-axis direction.
1 is an example of a gamma ray reaction position detecting module according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the gamma ray reaction
In the first row (110, also referred to as a first scintillator group) of the scintillators viewed from the front, rod scintillators are arranged in the transverse direction. The horizontally arranged scintillator group is treated with a reflector material on the upper and lower surfaces, and on the surfaces other than the surface to which the sensor is connected (e.g., the front surface, etc.). Alternatively, the back surface of the scintillator group may be optically connected to another scintillator group, and this portion may not be treated with the reflector material.
In the second row (120, or the second scintillator group) of the scintillators viewed from the front, rod scintillators are arranged in the longitudinal direction. That is, in the direction rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the first scintillator group.
The vertically arranged scintillator groups are optically connected to the horizontally disposed scintillator groups and the sensors, respectively, and the remaining surface is treated with a reflector material. Also, all outermost surfaces are treated with a reflector material.
The third row (130, or third row), the fifth column (150, or the fifth row), the seventh row (
That is, in the scintillator module according to an embodiment of the present invention, rod-shaped scintillators are alternately arranged in the order of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and so on.
The
At this time, due to the property of reflection of light according to the refractive index, the light travels to the adjacently connected scintillator, and the sensor measures the position of the gamma ray reaction site.
The gamma ray reaction
The processor may process data sensed by the
As another example, a data processing channel for a sensor can be composed or delivered by configuring only a total of eight channels, four channels per sensor.
2 is an example showing a structure of a scintillator module according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 2 (a), the upper and lower surfaces of the group of scintillators arrayed in the transverse direction are treated with a reflector material, and the remaining surface is optically connected to the other scintillator pixels. The sensor 202 may be connected to the scintillator side (e.g., left or right). Alternatively, the scintillators arranged in the lateral direction of the detection module are optically connected to the upper, lower and right sides of the scintillator, the left side is connected to the sensor, and the front and rear sides are optically connected to the other scintillation bodies.
Referring to FIG. 2B, the surface of the group of scintillators arranged in the longitudinal direction may be optically connected to the surface of the scintillator arranged in the transverse direction. The sensor 204 may be connected to the underside of the scintillator. Alternatively, the scintillators arranged in the longitudinal direction of the detection module may be optically connected to the other scintillators, and the upper surface, the left surface, and the right surface may be reflector-processed, the lower surface may be connected to the sensor, and the front surface and the rear surface may be optically connected.
In the detector module, the sensors 202 and 204 may be connected or attached to the upper or lower surface of the scintillator, or to the scintillator side.
Although the detector module according to the present invention uses an elongated hexagonal rod-shaped scintillator, the effect of constituting a small pixel shape at a predetermined (x, y, z) position can be obtained due to the structural characteristics of the scintillator.
A method of determining the (x, y, z) position of the gamma ray reaction position in the scintillator according to the present invention will be described.
First, the position of x is determined by the sensor located on the top or bottom surface. Also, the position of y is determined by the sensor located on the top or bottom surface and the sensor located on the side. Also, the position of z is determined by the sensor located on the side.
For example, the position of each coordinate of (x, y, z) is derived through an anger formula using FIG. For example, the coordinates are determined according to the following equations (1) and (2) based on the signals sensed on the lower surfaces A, B, C, D and the sides E, F, Equation (1) relates to finding an x coordinate with respect to a lower surface sensor, and Equation (2) relates to finding y and z coordinates with respect to a side surface sensor.
FIG. 3 shows an example of a process of sensing light generated by a reaction with a gamma ray in a scintillator according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 3 (a), the light generated at the
Referring to FIG. 3 (b), the bottom sensor acquires a signal at the fourth
Referring to FIG. 3 (c), the lateral sensor acquires a signal at the fourth
The three-dimensional position information (x, y, z) of the scintillator pixel can be obtained based on the determined (x, y) position and the (y, z) position, (X, y, z) position of the object.
4 is another example of a gamma-ray reaction position detector module according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 4, the detection module may be composed of N arrayed scintillators arranged in a matrix of N rows and M columns.
At this time, the (n + 2) th scintillator column of the detection module is rotated in the 90 direction with respect to the (n + 1) th scintillation column, and is optically connected (n = 0, 1, 2,. That is, the second row of scintillators viewed from the front is the direction rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the first row of scintillators, the third row of scintillators viewed from the front is rotated 90 degrees with the second row of scintillators, Also in the rotated direction). The fourth row of scintillators viewed from the front is the direction rotated by 90 degrees with the third row of scintillators and the same direction as the second row of scintillators (or 180 degrees rotated).
The (n + 1) th scintillator column (or scintillator group) and the (n + 2) th scintillator column (or scintillator group) are optically connected. At this time, the detection module is also connected to at least one sensor for sensing the light generated by the interaction with the gamma rays.
At this time, the outermost surfaces except the optical connecting surface between the sensor or scintillator columns are all treated with the reflector material 410.
5 is yet another example of a gamma-ray responsive position detector module according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 5, the detection module may include N number of N number of sub-modules 500 including 1, 2, and 3 scintillator columns, .
The submodules 500 are each arranged in a 3 XM array, and the second column of the submodule 500 is optically connected in a direction rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the first and third columns. At this time, the reflective surface 510 of the submodule may be treated with a reflector material, the ground surface 520 may be connected to the ground, and the side or bottom surface may be connected to the sensors 550, 555.
Fig. 7 is an example showing simulation results of a three-dimensional flood image detected according to the present invention. Here, the flooded image is a result obtained by simulating an image showing the position where the gamma ray and the scintillator reacted.
Referring to FIG. 7, the x, y, and z positions of the scintillator pixels detected by the detector module can be identified, and the positions where the gamma rays and the scintillators reacted can be determined and displayed as an image. Can be created. Accordingly, the detection module according to the present invention can confirm the gamma ray measurement result.
In the foregoing, the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. .
Claims (13)
A first scintillator group in which at least one bar-shaped scintillator is arranged in parallel;
A second scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillator group and having at least one bar-shaped scintillator arranged in parallel in a direction rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the scintillator direction of the first scintillator group; And
At least one sensor optically connected to at least one surface of the first or second scintillator group and sensing light generated by interaction between the gamma rays and the first or second scintillator group,
The surfaces optically connected between the first and second scintillator groups and the surfaces excluding the first and second scintillator groups and the sensor are all treated with a reflector material,
Wherein the light generated in the first or second scintillator group is moved between the scintillator groups through optically connected portions.
Further comprising a third scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the second scintillator group and having at least one bar-shaped scintillator arranged in parallel in a direction rotated by 90 degrees from the scintillator direction of the second scintillation group, Reaction location detection module.
Wherein the first scintillator group and the third scintillation group have the same scintillator orientation.
And a fourth scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the third scintillator group and having at least one bar-shaped scintillator arranged in parallel in a direction rotated by 90 degrees from the scintillator direction of the third scintillation group. Dimensional gamma ray reaction position detection module.
Wherein the second scintillator group and the fourth scintillator group have the same scintillator orientation.
A first sensor connected to the left or right surface of the first scintillator group; And
And a second sensor connected to the upper surface or the lower surface of the second scintillator group.
(X, y) coordinates of the reaction position of the gamma ray from the data sensed by the first sensor,
(Y, z) coordinates of the reaction position of the gamma ray from the data sensed by the second sensor,
Dimensional gamma ray reaction position detection module according to claim 1, further comprising a processor for obtaining (x, y, z) coordinates of a gamma ray reaction position based on the (x, y) coordinates and the (y, z) coordinates.
And generating a three-dimensional pixel map based on the obtained (x, y, z) coordinates.
And transmits the sensed data to a data processing channel of each of four channels.
A first scintillator group in which the N rod-shaped scintillators are arranged in parallel;
A second scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillator group and having M rod-shaped scintillators arranged in a direction rotated by 90 degrees with the scintillators of the first scintillator group;
A third scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the second scintillator group and having N bar-shaped scintillators arranged in a direction rotated by 90 degrees with the scintillators of the second scintillator group; And
At least one sensor optically connected to the first, second or third scintillator group and sensing light generated by interaction with gamma rays,
The first, second and third scintillator groups constitute N / 3 sub-modules,
The second column of the sub-module is optically connected by being rotated 90 degrees with the first column and the third column,
The surfaces optically connected between the first, second, and third scintillator groups and the surface excluding the first, second, or third scintillator group and the portion connected to the sensor are all treated with a reflector material,
Wherein the light generated in the first, second, and third scintillator groups is moved between the scintillator groups through optically connected portions.
A first scintillator group in which bar-shaped scintillators are arranged in parallel; And
And a second scintillator group optically connected to the rear surface of the first scintillator group and having a bar-shaped scintillator arranged parallel to the scintillator of the first scintillator group in a direction rotated by 90 degrees,
Wherein the first or second scintillator group is optically coupled to at least one sensor for sensing light generated by interaction with gamma rays,
The surfaces optically connected between the first and second scintillator groups and the surfaces excluding the first and second scintillator groups and the sensor are all treated with a reflector material,
Wherein the light generated in the first or second scintillator group is moved between the scintillation groups through the optically connected portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150080583A KR101722314B1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2015-06-08 | Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150080583A KR101722314B1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2015-06-08 | Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20160144162A KR20160144162A (en) | 2016-12-16 |
| KR101722314B1 true KR101722314B1 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
Family
ID=57735780
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150080583A KR101722314B1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2015-06-08 | Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR101722314B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI706154B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-10-01 | 定垣企業有限公司 | Radiation beam detector |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998035242A1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | The University Of Alberta, Simon Fraser University, The University Of Victoria, And The University Of British Columbia, Doing Business As Triumf | Segmented scintillation detector for photon interaction coordinates |
| JP2004279057A (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-10-07 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Three-dimensional radiation position detector |
| KR101169708B1 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2012-07-30 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | PET detector module using GAPD composed of large area micro-cells |
| JP2013246156A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-09 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Three-dimensional radiation position detector |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130103283A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-23 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Scintillating module and positron emission tomography using thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-06-08 KR KR1020150080583A patent/KR101722314B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998035242A1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | The University Of Alberta, Simon Fraser University, The University Of Victoria, And The University Of British Columbia, Doing Business As Triumf | Segmented scintillation detector for photon interaction coordinates |
| JP2004279057A (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-10-07 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Three-dimensional radiation position detector |
| KR101169708B1 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2012-07-30 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | PET detector module using GAPD composed of large area micro-cells |
| JP2013246156A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-09 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Three-dimensional radiation position detector |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI706154B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-10-01 | 定垣企業有限公司 | Radiation beam detector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20160144162A (en) | 2016-12-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8242454B2 (en) | Scintillator and methods of making and using same | |
| CN107735694B (en) | Apparatus and method for interactive depth positron emission tomography detector using binary sensing | |
| US9374537B2 (en) | Radiation measurement apparatus and radiation measurement method | |
| CN107076859B (en) | With the shared pet detector scintillator arrangement with depth of interaction estimation of light | |
| US9709684B2 (en) | Systems and methods for scintillators having micro-crack surfaces | |
| US7956331B2 (en) | Scintillation detector for positron emission tomography | |
| US20100148074A1 (en) | Scintillation Array Method and Apparatus | |
| US9304211B2 (en) | Scintillation detector with active light guide | |
| US8063377B2 (en) | Crystal identification for high resolution nuclear imaging | |
| KR101542836B1 (en) | Detector for Positron Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography system using the same | |
| CN108888286B (en) | PET detector, and PET detector setting method and PET detector detection method | |
| CN107684436A (en) | The method that the position of incident photon is determined in PET system | |
| US9864073B1 (en) | Systems and methods for controlling optical coupling between scintillator crystals | |
| KR101025513B1 (en) | Quasi-block array detector module of positron emission tomography for measuring reaction depth and its detection method | |
| JP6134455B1 (en) | Scintillation event localization in radioactive particle detectors | |
| KR20090057831A (en) | Multi-layer scintillator detector and positron emission tomography device therewith | |
| US20150331119A1 (en) | Scintillation detector for improved pet performance | |
| KR101722314B1 (en) | Module for detecting 3-dimensional position of gamma interaction using cross-arranged scintillator array | |
| KR101586973B1 (en) | A Detector module of position emission tomography for digital tree-dimension interaction depth | |
| KR101226901B1 (en) | Detector with inserted light guide and PET constructed using it | |
| US20150219771A1 (en) | Systems and methods for scintillators having polished and roughened surfaces | |
| CN115153601A (en) | Three-dimensional position sensitive detector and PET imaging system | |
| CN110389373B (en) | Crystal module, detector and high-degree decoding method thereof | |
| CN109997058A (en) | The method of signal processing for photoelectric sensor | |
| KR102030255B1 (en) | 3D gamma probe and method of measuring radiation intensity thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| GRNT | Written decision to grant |