KR101645912B1 - 열 저장 장치 - Google Patents
열 저장 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101645912B1 KR101645912B1 KR1020157037165A KR20157037165A KR101645912B1 KR 101645912 B1 KR101645912 B1 KR 101645912B1 KR 1020157037165 A KR1020157037165 A KR 1020157037165A KR 20157037165 A KR20157037165 A KR 20157037165A KR 101645912 B1 KR101645912 B1 KR 101645912B1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
- F28F23/02—Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
- F28D2020/0008—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in plate-like or laminated elements, e.g. in plates having internal compartments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2240/00—Spacing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49357—Regenerator or recuperator making
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 1b는 예시된 변형 플라이의 단면을 도시한다.
도 2a는 TESM을 캡슐화하기 위한 캡슐화 기법 및 구조를 도시한다.
도 2b는 열 방출 동안 TESM 캡슐에서의 온도 변화의 모델링을 도시한다.
도 3a는 캡슐 조립체 내부의 유동 방향에서의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 3b는 유동 방향에 대해 수직인 유동 경로의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 3c는 스페이서를 갖는 조립체의 유동 방향으로의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 3d는 유동 방향에 대해 수직인 유동 경로의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 4는 플라이를 엠보싱하여 형성된 비드를 도시한다.
도 5a는, 예를 들어 블리스터 팩인, 열 에너지 저장 물질을 함유하는 캡슐 어레이를 갖는 2개의 플라이들의 확산 결합된 조립체의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 5b는 2개의 플라이들을 연결하기 위해서 사용될 수 있는 공구(tooling)를 도시한다.
도 5c는 연결 후, 제 2 플라이의 표면을 도시한다.
도 6은 파이형 유동 경로를 유발하는, 2개의 캡슐 구조물 사이의 계면을 도시한다.
도 7a 및 도 7b는 열 저장 시스템의 예를 도시한다.
도 8a는 열 교환기와 일체화되고 열 공급원을 갖는 TESM 캡슐화 구조물을 도시한다.
도 8b는 캡슐 스택의 구조를 도시한다.
도 9는 유동 방향에서의 열 저장 장치의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 10은 유체 함유 파트 및 열 교환 장치 둘 다를 가열하기 위해 사용될 수 있는 하나의 전열기를 함유하는 차량 구성요소를 도시한다.
도 11은 유체 함유 파트 및 열 교환 장치 둘 다를 가열하기 위해 사용될 수 있는 두개의 전열기를 함유하는 차량 구성요소를 도시한다.
도 12는 유체 함유 파트 및 에어 스트림 둘 다를 가열하기 위해 사용될 수 있는 열 저장 장치를 갖는 차량 구성요소를 도시한다.
도 13은 엠보싱된 플라이를 형성하기 위해 사용될 수 있는 공구의 예를 도시한다.
도 14는 블리스터 팩으로 캡슐화된 TESM을 사용하는 열 저장 장치의 제조방법을 도시한다.
Claims (17)
- 내부 용적을 갖는 하우징, 상기 하우징 내부의 캡슐의 어레이, 및 상기 캡슐 내에 함유된 열 에너지 저장 물질(TESM)을 포함하는 열 저장 및 방출용 장치로서,
상기 장치는, 상기 하우징의 내부 용적에 기초하여 열 전달 유체로 전달되는 열의 평균 초기 파워 밀도(power density)가 8kW/L 이상이며, 여기서 상기 평균 초기 파워 밀도는 최초 30초에 걸쳐 정의되며, 10℃의 초기 온도를 갖는 열 전달 유체 및 상기 하우징에서 280℃의 초기 온도를 갖는 장치를 사용하여 측정되고,
상기 TESM은 두 개의 금속 플라이 사이에 캡슐화되고, 상기 금속 플라이들은 10-1 내지 102㎛ 차수의 두께를 갖고, 상기 캡슐은 0.5mm 내지 20mm의 두께를 가지며, 상기 하우징 내의 TESM의 체적 분률은 0.5 이상이고, 상기 하우징은 주입구 및 배출구 및 열 전달 유체가 하우징을 통하여 유동하기 위한 하나 이상의 유동 경로를 포함하며, 상기 하나 이상의 유동 경로 및 캡슐의 어레이는 장치가 요구되는 평균 초기 파워 밀도를 갖도록 배열되고,
상기 장치는
(i) 상기 하우징 내부에 위치하며 하나 이상의 제 1 어레이부(a)와 하나 이상의 제 2 어레이부(b)를 포함하는 복수의 캡슐 어레이; 및
(ii) 상기 제 1 어레이부와 제 2 어레이부 사이의 용적에 의해 한정되는 유동 경로
를 포함하되,
상기 제 1 어레이부(a)는 복수의 골을 갖는 제 1 플라이와 편평한 제 2 플라이를 포함하며, 상기 제 1 플라이와 제 2 플라이는, 이들 각각의 마주보는 면의 일부에서 서로 접촉 상태로 연결되어, TESM을 함유하고 소정의 용적을 갖는 복수개의 캡슐들을 포함하는 제 1 캡슐 구조물을 한정하고;
상기 제 2 어레이부(b)는 복수의 골을 갖는 제 1 플라이와 편평한 제 2 플라이를 포함하며, 상기 제 1 플라이와 제 2 플라이는, 이들 각각의 마주보는 면의 일부에서 서로 접촉 상태로 연결되어, TESM을 함유하고 소정의 용적을 갖는 복수개의 캡슐들을 포함하는 제 2 캡슐 구조물을 한정하고;
상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부는 20mm 미만의 갭 두께(t갭)로 분리되어 있고,
상기 장치는, 각각이 비-평탄면(nonplanar)인 복수개의 유동 경로를 포함하고,
상기 제 1 어레이부의 제 1 캡슐, 상기 제 2 어레이부의 제 1 캡슐, 및 상기 제 1 어레이부의 제 2 캡슐을 순차적으로 통과하는 하나 이상의 라인(line)이 존재하도록 상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부가 맞물려 있고(interdigitized),
이때 하나의 어레이부의 편평한 제 2 플라이의 표면이 또다른 어레이부의 편평한 제 2 플라이의 표면과 접촉하도록 적층된, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 TESM이 상기 하우징의 내부 용적의 70% 이상을 충전하는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부가 5mm 미만의 갭 두께(t갭)로 분리되어 있는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 열 저장 장치가, 30개 이상의 개별적으로 분리되어 있는 밀봉된 캡슐을 포함하는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 어레이부가, 융합 결합, 레이저 용접, 마찰 용접 또는 이들의 임의의 조합 중에서 선택된 방법을 사용하여 제 1 플라이 및 제 2 플라이를 연결함으로써 형성되는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 어레이부가, 상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부를 이격시키기 위한 복수개의 너브(nub)를 포함하는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 2 어레이부가 상기 제 1 어레이부에 끼워 넣어져, 상기 제 1 및 제 2 어레이부가 이들의 마주보는 면의 25% 이상의 면적에서 접촉하는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 플라이가, 알루미늄, 스테인레스 강, 또는 둘 다 중에서 선택되는 금속을 포함하는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 TESM이 1MJ/l 초과의, 300℃로부터 80℃로의 열 저장 밀도를 갖는, 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
절연 하우징은 절연 용기에 의해 적어도 부분적으로 덮혀 있는, 장치. - (i) 제 1 금속 호일을, 복수의 골(trough)을 갖는 제 1 플라이가 형성되도록 변형시키는 단계;
(ii) 상기 골을 적어도 부분적으로 열 에너지 저장 물질(TESM)로 충전시키는 단계;
(iii) 상기 TESM의 액상선 온도보다 높은 온도 및 일정 시간 동안 상기 TESM을 가열하여 상기 TESM에 본질적으로 물이 없도록 하는 단계;
(iv) 상기 제 1 플라이의 상부에 금속 호일의 편평한 제 2 플라이를 위치시켜, 제 1 플라이의 표면 및 제 2 플라이의 표면이 부분적으로 접촉하도록 하는 단계; 및
(v) 상기 제 1 플라이와 상기 제 2 플라이의 마주보는 면의 일부를 밀봉하여, 상기 TESM을 함유하는 다수개의 캡슐을 함유하는 블리스터 팩(blister pack)이 형성되고, 상기 캡슐들이 서로 열 전도성 관계에 있고, 상기 TESM이 그의 의도된 환경하에서 조작하는 동안 상기 캡슐로부터 벗어나는 것이 억제되도록 하는 단계
를 포함하는, 열 저장 장치의 제조방법으로서,
상기 장치는 내부 용적을 갖는 하우징, 상기 하우징 내부의 캡슐의 어레이, 및 상기 캡슐 내에 함유된 TESM을 포함하고, 상기 하우징의 내부 용적에 기초하여 열 전달 유체로 전달되는 열의 평균 초기 파워 밀도(power density)가 8kW/L 이상이며, 여기서 상기 평균 초기 파워 밀도는 최초 30초에 걸쳐 정의되며, 10℃의 초기 온도를 갖는 열 전달 유체 및 상기 하우징에서 280℃의 초기 온도를 갖는 장치를 사용하여 측정되고,
상기 TESM은 두 개의 금속 플라이 사이에 캡슐화되고, 상기 금속 플라이들은 10-1 내지 102㎛ 차수의 두께를 갖고, 상기 캡슐은 0.5mm 내지 20mm의 두께를 가지며, 상기 하우징 내의 TESM의 체적 분률은 0.5 이상이고, 상기 하우징은 주입구 및 배출구 및 열 전달 유체가 하우징을 통하여 유동하기 위한 하나 이상의 유동 경로를 포함하며, 상기 하나 이상의 유동 경로 및 캡슐의 어레이는 장치가 요구되는 평균 초기 파워 밀도를 갖도록 배열되고,
상기 장치는
(i) 상기 하우징 내부에 위치하며 하나 이상의 제 1 어레이부(a)와 하나 이상의 제 2 어레이부(b)를 포함하는 복수의 캡슐 어레이; 및
(ii) 상기 제 1 어레이부와 제 2 어레이부 사이의 용적에 의해 한정되는 유동 경로
를 포함하되,
상기 제 1 어레이부(a)는 복수의 골을 갖는 제 1 플라이와 편평한 제 2 플라이를 포함하며, 상기 제 1 플라이와 제 2 플라이는, 이들 각각의 마주보는 면의 일부에서 서로 접촉 상태로 연결되어, TESM을 함유하고 소정의 용적을 갖는 복수개의 캡슐들을 포함하는 제 1 캡슐 구조물을 한정하고;
상기 제 2 어레이부(b)는 복수의 골을 갖는 제 1 플라이와 편평한 제 2 플라이를 포함하며, 상기 제 1 플라이와 제 2 플라이는, 이들 각각의 마주보는 면의 일부에서 서로 접촉 상태로 연결되어, TESM을 함유하고 소정의 용적을 갖는 복수개의 캡슐들을 포함하는 제 2 캡슐 구조물을 한정하고;
상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부는 20mm 미만의 갭 두께(t갭)로 분리되어 있고,
상기 장치는, 각각이 비-평탄면(nonplanar)인 복수개의 유동 경로를 포함하고,
상기 제 1 어레이부의 제 1 캡슐, 상기 제 2 어레이부의 제 1 캡슐, 및 상기 제 1 어레이부의 제 2 캡슐을 순차적으로 통과하는 하나 이상의 라인(line)이 존재하도록 상기 제 1 어레이부 및 상기 제 2 어레이부가 맞물려 있고,
이때 하나의 어레이부의 편평한 제 2 플라이의 표면이 또다른 어레이부의 편평한 제 2 플라이의 표면과 접촉하도록 적층된, 열 저장 장치의 제조방법. - 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 플라이의 표면과 제 2 플라이의 표면을 밀봉하는 단계가, 확산 결합, 브레이징(brazing), 열 용접, 접착제 결합, 레이저 용접, 초음파 용접 및 이들의 임의의 조합으로 구성된 군 중에서 선택되는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 TESM이, 단계 (iv)에서 밀봉시 액체인, 방법. - 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 가열 시간이, 상기 TESM이 5분 이상 동안 액체이도록 하는, 방법. - 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 가열 온도가 상기 TESM의 액상선 온도보다 25℃ 이상 높고, 상기 TESM이 금속 니트라이트, 금속 니트레이트 또는 이들의 임의의 조합으로 구성된, 방법. - 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 TESM이 리튬 염, 나트륨 염, 칼륨 염 또는 이들의 임의의 조합으로 구성된, 방법. - 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
1Pa 이하의 물 분압을 갖는 분위기하에서 가열을 수행하는, 방법.
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JP2011527740A (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
JP5798607B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
JP2014055762A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
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CN102257344B (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
KR20100116633A (ko) | 2010-11-01 |
WO2009105643A3 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
WO2009105643A2 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
CN102257344A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
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