KR101527207B1 - 4-port waveguide Circulator for X-band, and transcype-WR 90 standard waveguide, and communication terminal of radar using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a four-port wave guide circulator for an X-band and a radar transceiver unit using the same. According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a four-port wave guide circulator for an X-band in a four-port circulator type, comprising: a metal triangular support (F1) below ferrite (P) inside a Y-type WR-90 wave guide; a Teflon (T) formed in the same triangular shape as the ferrite (P); and first to fourth ports (1a-4a). Therefore, the present invention provides a design structure of a four-port based circulator to protect the RF component of a sensitive receiver against a great power X-band signal applied to the receiver of a system.

Description

A 4-port waveguide curator for X-band, and a radar transmitting and receiving unit using the 4-port waveguide circulator, and a transcoding-WR 90 standard waveguide,

The present invention relates to a waveguide curator for an X-band, and more particularly, to a waveguide curator for an X-band, and more particularly, 4-port waveguide curator for X-band to provide the design of curator, and transmission and reception part of radar using it.

In many mobile communication equipment including radar, one antenna is used for transmission and reception, and this is the circulator.

That is, a device that controls the flow of an RF signal between a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna is a circulator. In a mobile communication terminal using a small signal, usually a microstrip is used, In a radar, a waveguide is used to make a 3-port. The operation principle of the 3-port circulator is shown in FIG.

1, when an RF signal is input to the port 1 (1), it is output to the port 2 (2), and when it is incident on the port 2 (2), output to the port 3 (3) , It is output to the port 1 (3), and the RF energy can be circulated and output.

Therefore, when an antenna is connected to port 2 (2), a transmitter is connected to port 1 (1), and a receiver is connected to port 3 (3), one antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. To enable mutual non-reciprocal energy transfer to each other, the waveguide circulator must use a ferrite resonator. At this time, the impedance of the ferrite gyrator must match the input impedance of the waveguide. In general, a 3-port circulator is used to fabricate an isolator and is used as a duplexer at the transmitter and receiver. However, if a receiver protection circuit is required, a 4-port circulator is used. Is required.

In other words, the waveguide type power limiter for various detection radar protects the RF part of the sensitive receiving terminal when a large power X-band signal enters the receiving end of the system, A 4-port circulator is needed to combine with the curator.

From this point of view, the present invention proposes a 4-port circulator capable of accommodating a power limiter and a half-wave attenuator.

[Related Technical Literature]

1. HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CONTROL DEVICE AND SENSING SYSTEM (Patent Application No. 10-2007-7010941)

2. TRANSCEIVER MODULE FOR FREQUENCY BAND OF RADAR (Patent Application No. 10-2009-0080312)

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a design of a 4-port based circulator in order to protect the RF parts of a sensitive receiving terminal when a large power X-band signal enters the receiving end of the system 4-port waveguide curator for X-band, and transmission / reception unit of radar using it.

The present invention also provides a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band for securing the source technology for a 4-port curator for an X-band and a radar for a defense industry, And a transmission / reception unit.

However, the objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

In order to achieve the above object, a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a Y-WR 90 standard waveguide, a metal triangular- (F1); A Teflon (T) formed in the same triangular shape as the ferrite (P) for impedance matching between the pedestal (F1) and the ferrite (P) of the Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide; And a matching teflon positioned in a rectangular shape at each port inlet; And a 4-port circulator type comprising a first port 1a to a fourth port 4a in which two 3-port circulators each including a first port 1a and a second port 2b are coupled to each other .

At this time, it is preferable that the matching Teflon has a relative dielectric constant of 2.24 and a rectangular shape of 3 x 1.5 x 1.5 mm.

In addition, the present invention is isolation when port 3 (3a) and port 4 (4a) are the signal flows of port 1 (1a) input and port 2 Port 2a and port 3 3a for the signal flow of output 4 (4a) and signal flow for output of port 3 (3a) and port 1 (1a) And port 4 (4a) are isolation, and port 1 (1a) and port 2 (2a) are in the state of isolation when they are signal flows of port 4 (4a) .

The present invention is also applicable to an antenna in which a transmitter Tx is connected to a port 1 a to form an input port and a port 2 a is connected to an antenna 14 as an output port, It is preferable that the receiver Rx is connected to the port 4 4a and the attenuator 17 is connected to the port 3 3a because the signal received at the port 4a is transmitted to the port 4a.

In the present invention, when a waveguide type power limiter is connected to the front end of the port 4a and an excessive electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the antenna 14 to the receiving unit Rx, It is desirable to reflect the power that is not reflected and consume the remaining power in the power limiter.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide having a used frequency of 8 to 12.4 GHz, a separation of 18 dB, an insertion loss of 0.4 dB, and a standing wave ratio of 1.30:

In the present invention, the pedestal F1 has a hypotenuse of 29 mm and a height of 1.7 mm. The Teflon T has a thickness of 1.17 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 in the same triangular shape as that of the ferrite (P) desirable.

In order to achieve the above object, a transceiver of a radar using a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a Y-WR 90 standard waveguide, A Teflon (T) formed in the same triangular shape as ferrite (P) for impedance matching between a pedestal (F1) of a Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide and a ferrite (P) Port circulator (18), each of which includes a matching teflon disposed in a rectangular shape at the inlet of each port, in which two three-port circulators (3 a receiver protector 19 and an attenuator 17 are connected to each of the receiver circuits 18 and 18.

At this time, when an X-band RF signal is generated in the transmitter (Tx) 12, the RF signal is transmitted to the antenna 14 through two 3-port circulators 18 And the electromagnetic wave 15 transmitted through the antenna 14 is transmitted to the receiving unit Rx through a receiver protector 19 having an insertion loss of 0.2 to 0.5 dB .

The receiver protector 19 reflects the electromagnetic waves when the electromagnetic waves received through the antenna 14 exceed the threshold value of the receiver protector 19, And the reflected electromagnetic waves are preferably consumed in the resistor 17 via two 3-port circulators 18.

The 4-port waveguide curator for X-band according to the embodiment of the present invention and the radar transmitter / receiver using the 4-port waveguide curator according to an embodiment of the present invention protects the RF part of a sensitive receiver when a large power X- The present invention provides an effect of providing a design structure of a 4-port based reflector.

In addition, the 4-port waveguide curator for the X-band according to another embodiment of the present invention and the radar transmitting / receiving unit using the 4-port waveguide curator according to another embodiment of the present invention have the original technology for the X- To provide an industrially applicable effect that can achieve localization in the radar of the vehicle.

1 is a view showing an operation principle of a 3-port circulator.
2 is a diagram illustrating a ferrite (P) designed for a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing the outline of a 3-port curator of a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band by ferrite (P) designed as shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a design structure of an internal structure of a 3-port curator to be.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an S-parameter of a 3-port curator among four-port waveguide curators for X-bands according to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG.
Figs. 6 to 8 show signal flows when a signal is incident at each port of the 3-port curator shown in Fig. 3. Fig.
12 shows the optimal S-parameter simulated by a CST simulator for a 4-port curator among 4-port waveguide curators for X-bands shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.
9 is a view illustrating a transceiver of a radar using a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band based on a 4-port curator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 and 11 show the external shape and internal structure of a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band, respectively, for a 4-port curator.
12 shows the optimal S-parameter simulated by a CST simulator for a 4-port curator among 4-port waveguide curators for X-bands shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.
13 is a graph showing the relationship between the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) at the input port where each matching Teflon is placed for the 4-port curator of the 4-port waveguide curator shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. Fig.
FIGS. 14 to 17 are views showing output ports and minute reports when each port is input on a 4-port curator of the 4-port waveguide curator for X-band shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.
18 is a state diagram showing a signal flow in a structure in which the attenuator 17 is connected to the 4-port curator of the 4-port waveguide curator for X-band shown in FIG. 10 and FIG.
FIG. 19 is a three-dimensional outline view of a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band designed for a 4-port waveguide curator. FIG. (Fig. 20A) and the upper portion of the waveguide (Fig. 20B) designed for the waveguide.
FIGS. 21 and 22 are views showing a two-dimensional outer structure of a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band.
23 is a view showing a ferrite (P) with Teflon (T) attached to a 4-port curator of a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band.
FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which ferrite (P) with Teflon (T) attached to a 4-port waveguide for a 4-port curator in an X-band 4-port waveguide curator is bonded.
Fig. 25 is a view showing a 4-port curator among a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band incorporating a waveguide lower region (Fig. 20A) and a waveguide upper region (Fig. 20B) according to an embodiment of the present invention. 26 is a diagram showing a state in which a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band is actually manufactured and connected for a performance test of a 4-port curator.
27 is a reference diagram showing a Y-WR 90 waveguide curator for an X-band based on a 4-port curator actually manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 28 is a reference diagram showing a state in which a waveguide and a terminator are connected in a 4-port curator-based Y-type WR 90 waveguide curator for X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
29 is a reference diagram showing a radar system using a 4-port curator-based Y-type WR 90 waveguide curator for X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description of the present invention, detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

2 is a diagram illustrating a ferrite (P) designed for a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, a 4-port circulator based on a 4-port waveguide curator for X-bands, which is the core of the present invention, will be described with respect to a 3-port circulator Design and simulation are used to determine ferrite (P) specifications.

When a RF signal is applied to a ferrite P in the manufacture of a circulator operating under B / R (Below / Resonance), a magnetic field signal level h _{rf of the RF} is set to a certain instability threshold (h _c ) , A strong absorption loss of an additional RF signal occurs near the dc magnetic field value smaller than the internal dc magnetic field H ₀ which generates the resonance (h _rf > h _c ), so that it can no longer be used as an RF device.

, 여기서 ΔH_k는 스핀 웨이브 라인 위드쓰(spin wave line width)로 이 값이 크면, 클수록, h_c가 크므로 h_rf도 크게 할 수 있어 고출력(high power)용으로 적합하다.Therefore, there is a restriction on the RF high power used. At this time (instability threshold:

, Where ΔH _k is the spin wave line width. The larger this value is, the larger the h _c is, and the larger the h _rf is, the more suitable for high power.

When aluminum is doped in a garnet type ferrite, ΔH _k = 1.3 to 2.0, and when Gadolinium is doped, it is about 7.6 at ΔH _k = 3.8, and when Holmium is doped, ΔH _k = 5.4 to 8.9, and when magnesium is doped in a spinel type ferrite, it is about 2.1 to 5.1. When nickel is doped, ΔH _k = 6.1 to 12.4.

Therefore, it is advantageous that ferrite (P) used for high power is doped with nickel, but the loss is large due to a large line width value. Therefore, it is necessary to select a material having a large ΔH _k value and a small linewidth at high power. A ferrite (P) having a ΔH _k = 5.4 and a line width ΔH = 84 is selected for Holmium doping.

That is, the magnetic properties of the ferrite (P) used in the present invention are as follows. The saturation magnetization 4 πM _s = 1600 [Gauss] ± 5%, g-Factor g-eff = 1.99, relative permittivity ε _r = 15.1 ± 5%, spin wave line width ΔH _k = (Dielectric Loss Tangent) = 0.0002, and its shape is formed as shown in Fig. 2 with a regular triangle A = 2.8 mm and B = 9.8 mm.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the outline of a 3-port curator in a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band by ferrite (P) designed as shown in FIG. 2, Fig.

Here, the waveguide used for forming the 4-port waveguide curator for the X-band is a WR 90 standard type, and the size of the Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide for the X-band in the present invention is 2.286 cm x 1.016 cm (0.9 & "), And the following method is used internally to match the impedance of the ferrite (P) and the waveguide.

(a) In the waveguide, a metal triangular pedestal (F1) is used as a pedestal of ferrite (P), where the hypotenuse of the pedestal (F1) is 29 mm and the height is 1.7 mm.

(b) For the impedance matching between the pedestal (F1) and the ferrite (P), Teflon (T) with a thickness of 1.17 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 is used.

(c) A rectangular 3 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm matching teflon (not shown) is located at the inlet of each port.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an S-parameter of a 3-port curator among four-port waveguide curators for X-bands according to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. The graph of FIG. 5 shows the S-parameter of the designed 3-port curator when an input is applied to all ports.

The 3-port curator designed from the perspective that the reflection coefficient of the circulator is -20 dB and the insertion loss is -0.2 dB is very good performance. FIGS. 6 to 8 show signal flows when a signal is input at each port. 6 shows port 1 (1) input, port 3 (3) transmission, port 2 (2) isolation. 7 shows port 2 (2) input, port 1 (1) transmission, port 3 (3) isolation state and FIG. 8 shows port 3 (3) input, port 2 State.

Next, we will discuss the need for a 4-port curator in a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band X-band.

A receiver of an RF system such as a GPS system using an L-band, a mobile phone system, and an X-band radar uses a very small It is composed of very sensitive elements because it has to amplify the RF signal.

Therefore, when an unintended RF signal of a very large power enters the receiving unit, the operation function as a radar and a wireless system is lost due to the destruction of the receiving unit. Therefore, a power limiter that protects the receiver when an excessively large signal that is difficult for the receiver to receive is required. This is installed at the front end of the receiver, and protects the receiver by reflecting a large signal. At this time, if the reflected power is reflected to the transmitter, it causes destruction of the transmitter, so the reflected signal should be canceled by using the non-reversible element and the attenuator.

9 is a view illustrating a transceiver of a radar using a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band based on a 4-port curator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9, there is shown a structure in which a receiver protector 19 and an attenuator 17 are connected to each of three-port curators 18 constituting a 4-port circulator.

When an X-band RF signal is generated in the transmitter (Tx) 12, it is transmitted to an antenna (Antenna) 14 through a circulator 18 to copy the electromagnetic wave into free space.

The electromagnetic wave 15 received through the antenna 14 is transmitted to the receiver Rx through a receiver protector 19 having an insertion loss of about 0.2 to 0.5 dB if the signal is sufficiently small.

However, when electromagnetic waves received through the antenna 14 are strong electromagnetic waves exceeding the threshold value of the receiver protector 19, the role of protecting the receiver Rx by reflecting most of the electromagnetic waves is called a receiver protector ) 19 is performed. At this time, the reflected electromagnetic wave is consumed in the resistor 17 through the two circulators 18.

Therefore, in order to protect the receiver Rx against intense electromagnetic waves which are not intended by GPS for L-band, mobile communication terminal, and X-band radar, Receiver protector 19 and an attenuator is required to consume the reflected electromagnetic waves. A 4-port circulator is required to satisfy such a structure.

Hereinafter, the structure of a 4-port circulator of a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band based on a 4-port curator will be described in detail. In the present invention, a 4-port circulator is designed and manufactured by combining two above-mentioned 3-port circulators for improving performance.

10 and 11 show the external shape and internal structure of a 4-port waveguide curator for X-band, respectively, for a 4-port curator. The problem that arises when forming a 4-port circulator by connecting the 3-port circulator designed above is that the impedance of the S11 at each port due to the impedance mismatch due to the change of the boundary condition The size increases.

In order to solve the problem of impedance matching, a quadrangular matching Teflon (not shown) (relative dielectric constant of 2.24) is placed at a proper position of the input end of each port.

12 shows the optimal S-parameter simulated by a CST simulator for a 4-port curator among 4-port waveguide curators for X-bands shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. In FIG. 12, it can be seen that the largest reflection coefficient value of the Teflon for matching at 10.463 GHz is S34, -31.5 dB, and the largest insertion loss is -0.24 dB at S14.

13 is a graph showing the relationship between the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) at the input port where each matching Teflon is placed for the 4-port curator of the 4-port waveguide curator shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. , Which shows a very good value of 1.03 or less.

FIGS. 14 to 17 show output ports and minute reports when inputting each port on a 4-port curator of the 4-port waveguide curator for X-band shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, Output direction of the signal. 14 shows a state in which port 1 (1a) input, port 2 (2a) output, port 3 (3a) and port 4 (4a) isolation, 16 shows a state where the output of the port 3 (3a), the output of the port 1 (1a), the port 2 (2a), and the port 4 (3a) (4a), and FIG. 17 shows a state in which the port 4 (4a) input, the output of the port 3 (3a), the port 1 (1a), and the port 2 (2a) are isolation.

In this regard, in this development, a transmitter Tx is connected to the port 1 (1a) as an input port and a port 2 (2a) is connected as an output port. And the signal received from the antenna 14 is transmitted to the port 4 (4a), so that the receiver (Rx) is connected to the port 4 (4a).

Then, the attenuator 17 is connected to the port 3 (3a). That is, according to another embodiment of the present invention, when a waveguide type power limiter is connected to the front end of the port 4 (4a) and excess electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the antenna 14 to the receiving unit Rx, the receiving unit Rx Reflects most of the transmitted power to protect, and a small fraction of the power consumes in the power limiter. At this time, most of the power is consumed in the attenuator 17 by connecting the attenuator 17 to the port 3 (3a), so that power to the transmitter is minimized to protect the transmitter Rx. Fig. 18 is a state diagram showing the signal flow in the connecting structure of the attenuator 17. Fig.

Next, the three-dimensional structure of the 4-port waveguide curator for the X-band will be described. FIG. 19 is a three-dimensional outline view of a 4-port waveguide curator for an X-band designed for a 4-port waveguide curator. FIG. (Fig. 20A) and the upper portion of the waveguide (Fig. 20B) designed for the waveguide. Figs. 21 and 22 are diagrams showing a two-dimensional outer configuration of a four-port curator. Fig. As shown in the drawing, the waveguide is formed by combining two lower regions 20a and an upper region 20b formed in the same manner.

Next, the fabrication process of the 4-port waveguide curator for the X-band is described.

FIG. 23 is a view showing a ferrite P having a Teflon (T) attached thereto. Teflon T is attached to a lower portion of the designed ferrite P.

Thereafter, ferrite (P) with Teflon (T) adheres to the waveguide of the 4-port curator as shown in Fig.

Next, Fig. 25 is a view showing a 4-port curator among four-port waveguide curators for X-bands in which a waveguide lower region (Fig. 20A) and a waveguide upper region (Fig. 20B) are assembled. 4-port waveguide curator of a band for a performance test of a 4-port curator.

Meanwhile, the 4-port waveguide curator for the X-band based on the 4-port curator according to the present invention is a Y-junction waveguide circulator curator which is a WR-90 As the standard waveguide, use frequency 8-12.4 Ghz, separation 18 dB, insertion loss 0.4 dB, standing wave ratio 1.30: 1 is used.

Fig. 27 is a reference diagram showing a 4-port curator-based X-band Y-WR90 waveguide curator manufactured actually.

28 is a reference diagram showing a state in which a waveguide and a terminator are connected in a 4-port curator-based X-band Y-WR 90 waveguide curator of FIG.

29 is a reference diagram showing a radar system using a 4-port curator-based X-band Y-WR 90 waveguide curator.

As described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in the present specification and drawings, and although specific terms have been used, they have been used only in a general sense to easily describe the technical contents of the present invention and to facilitate understanding of the invention , And are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that other modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention are possible in addition to the embodiments disclosed herein.

1a: port 1
2a: port 2
3a: port 3
4a: Port 4
P: ferrite
F1: Pedestal
T: Teflon

Claims (7)

A triangular-shaped pedestal F1 formed at the bottom of the ferrite P inside the Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide; A Teflon (T) formed in the same triangular shape as the ferrite (P) for impedance matching between the pedestal (F1) and the ferrite (P) of the Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide; And a matching teflon positioned in a rectangular shape at each port inlet; And a 4-port circulator type comprising a first port 1a to a fourth port 4a in which two 3-port circulators each including a first port 4a and a second port 4a are coupled. That is,
Port 3a (3a) and port 4 (4a) are isolation and port 2 (2a) input and port 4 (4a) output for the signal flow of port 1 (1a) Port 2a and port 4 (4a) for the signal flow of port 1 (1a) and port 3 (3a) for signal flow of port 3 Is isolation and port 1 (1a) and port 2 (2a) are in an isolation state in the case of a signal flow of port 4 (4a) input and port 3 (3a) output,
The antenna 14 is connected to the port 1 (1a) by connecting the transmitter (Tx) to the input port and the port 2 (2a) to the output port, Is connected to the port 4 (4a), the receiver (Rx) is connected to the port 4 (4a), and the attenuator 17 is connected to the port 3 (3a)
When a waveguide type power limiter is connected to the front end of the port 4 (4a) and excess electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the antenna 14 to the receiving unit Rx, the transmitted power is reflected to protect the receiving unit Rx And the remaining unreflected power is consumed in a power limiter. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 13 >
delete delete delete A Y-type WR 90 standard waveguide has a triangular-shaped pedestal F1 formed at the lower part of the ferrite P and an impedance between the pedestal F1 and the ferrite P of the Y- A 3-port circulator 18 including a Teflon (T) formed in the same triangular shape as the ferrite (P) for matching and a matching Teflon positioned in a rectangular shape at each port inlet In the transmitting and receiving portion of two radar devices,
A receiver protector 19 and an attenuator 17 are connected to each of the two three-port circulators 18,
When an X-band RF signal is generated at a transmitter (Tx) 12, it is transmitted to an antenna 14 through two 3-port circulators 18 And the electromagnetic wave 15 received through the antenna 14 is transmitted to the receiving unit Rx via a receiver protector 19 having an insertion loss of 0.2 to 0.5 dB,
The receiver protector 19 reflects electromagnetic waves when the electromagnetic waves received through the antenna 14 exceed the threshold value of the receiver protector 19 and receives the electromagnetic waves to protect the receiver Rx In addition,
The reflected electromagnetic waves are consumed in the resistor 17 through two 3-port circulators 18. The 4-port waveguide curator for X- . delete delete

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