KR101321294B1 - 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 - Google Patents
내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101321294B1 KR101321294B1 KR1020117021433A KR20117021433A KR101321294B1 KR 101321294 B1 KR101321294 B1 KR 101321294B1 KR 1020117021433 A KR1020117021433 A KR 1020117021433A KR 20117021433 A KR20117021433 A KR 20117021433A KR 101321294 B1 KR101321294 B1 KR 101321294B1
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbon
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- purification catalyst
- exhaust purification
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 232
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- -1 hydrocarbon HC Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 10
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101100310662 Homo sapiens SOX21 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100030247 Transcription factor SOX-21 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012899 standard injection Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 촉매 담체의 표면 부분을 도해적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 3은 배기 정화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
도 4는 배기 정화 촉매에의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 5는 NOx 정화율을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 6a 및 도 6b는 배기 정화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 환원 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
도 7a 및 도 7b는 배기 정화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 환원 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
도 8은 배기 정화 촉매에의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 9는 NOx 정화율을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 10은 배기 정화 촉매에의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화를 나타내는 타임차트이다.
도 11은 배기 정화 촉매에의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화를 나타내는 타임차트이다.
도 12는 배기 정화 촉매의 산화력과 요구 최소 공연비 X의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 13은 동일한 NOx 정화율이 얻어지는, 배기 가스 중의 산소 농도와 탄화수소 농도의 진폭 ΔH의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 14는 탄화수소 농도의 진폭 ΔH와 NOx 정화율의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 15는 탄화수소 농도의 진동 주기 ΔT와 NOx 정화율의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 16은 배기 정화 촉매에의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비 등의 변화를 나타내는 타임차트이다.
도 17은 탄화수소의 분사 시간 WT의 맵을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 18a, 도 18b는 탄화수소의 분사압 WP와 분사 시간 WT의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 19a, 도 19b는 탄화수소의 분무를 도시하는 도면이다.
도 20은 보정 계수 KP1, KT1의 값과 촉매 온도 TC의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 21은 보정 계수 KP2, KT2의 값과 유황 피독량 ΣS의 관계 등을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 22는 보정 계수 KP3, KT3의 값과 흡입 공기량 GA의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 23은 보정 계수 KP4, KT4의 값과 분사량 W의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 24는 탄화수소의 공급 제어를 행하기 위한 흐름도이다.
5 : 배기 매니폴드
7 : 배기 터보 챠저
12 : 배기관
13 : 배기 정화 촉매
14 : 파티큘레이트 필터
15 : 탄화수소 공급 밸브
Claims (8)
- 탄화수소를 공급하기 위한 탄화수소 공급 밸브를 기관 배기 통로 내에 배치하고, 탄화수소 공급 밸브 하류의 기관 배기 통로 내에 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx와 개질된 탄화수소를 반응시키기 위한 배기 정화 촉매를 배치하고, 상기 배기 정화 촉매의 배기 가스 유통 표면 상에는 귀금속 촉매가 담지되어 있는 동시에 상기 귀금속 촉매 주위에는 염기성의 배기 가스 유통 표면 부분이 형성되어 있고, 상기 배기 정화 촉매는, 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 미리 정해진 양의 탄화수소를 미리 정해진 공급 주기로 분사하면 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx를 환원하는 성질을 갖는 동시에, 탄화수소의 공급 주기를 상기 미리 정해진 공급 주기보다도 길게 하면 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx의 흡장량이 증대되는 성질을 갖고 있고, 기관 운전시에 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 상기 미리 정해진 양의 탄화수소를 상기 미리 정해진 공급 주기로 분사하고, 이때 배기 정화 촉매의 산화력의 증대에 따라서 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터의 탄화수소의 분사압을 증대시키도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 배기 정화 촉매의 온도의 증대에 따라서 상기 탄화수소의 분사압을 증대시키도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 배기 정화 촉매의 상류측 단부에 있어서의 유황 피독량의 증대에 따라서 상기 탄화수소의 분사압을 증대시키도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 기관 배기 통로 내를 흐르는 배기 가스의 유속의 증대에 따라서 상기 탄화수소의 분사압을 증대시키도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터의 탄화수소의 분사량의 증대에 따라서 상기 탄화수소의 분사압을 감소시키도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 귀금속 촉매에 의해 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx와 개질된 탄화수소가 반응하여 질소 및 탄화수소를 포함하는 환원성 중간체가 생성되는 동시에 생성된 환원성 중간체가 상기 염기성의 배기 가스 유통 표면 부분 상에 지지되고, 상기 염기성의 배기 가스 유통 표면 부분 상에 지지된 환원성 중간체의 환원 작용에 의해 NOx가 환원되고, 상기 탄화수소의 미리 정해진 공급 주기는 환원성 중간체를 계속 생성시키는 데 필요한 공급 주기인, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 귀금속 촉매는 백금(Pt)과, 로듐(Rh) 및 팔라듐(Pd) 중 적어도 한쪽에 의해 구성되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 배기 정화 촉매의 배기 가스 유통 표면 상에 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토류 금속 또는 희토류 또는 NOx에 전자를 공여할 수 있는 금속을 포함하는 염기성층이 형성되어 있고, 상기 염기성층의 표면이 상기 염기성의 배기 가스 유통 표면 부분을 형성하고 있는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
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CN102859136A (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
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EP2460987A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
ES2590924T3 (es) | 2016-11-24 |
BRPI1014237A2 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
CN102859136B (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
JP5196027B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
WO2011125198A1 (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
US20130011302A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
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