KR101313314B1 - Manufacturing method for refuse derived fuel using highly water-contained waste, and cogeneration system using the rdf - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a solid fuel, and a cogenerating system are provided to manufacture a solid fuel in a short time with an environment friendly way reducing odor remarkably. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a solid fuel comprise the steps of: mixing city waste by injecting in a reactor having a simple structure comprising Fe series material; pressurizing the mixture by adding high temperature steam in the reactor and mixing the mixture for hydrolyzing; crushing the result by increasing the specific surface area of the city waste, or low-molecularizing the organic waste by discharging the steam inside of the reactor to make the air pressure 0.9-1.1; removing 5-10% of the moisture contained in the reacted material by adding a vacuum or differential pressure condition to the reactor; and manufacturing a solid fuel containing 10-20% of water by discharging the reacted material and drying it. [Reference numerals] (AA) Critical point (374°C,25Mpa); (BB) Subcritical; (CC) Supercritical; (DD) Change in ion accumulation; (EE) Change in permittivity; (FF) Ion accumulation (In Kw); (GG) Permittivity; (HH) Temperature [°C]

Description

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUEL USING HIGHLY WATER-CONTAINED WASTE, AND COGENERATION SYSTEM USING THE RDF}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a solid raw material from high-functional organic wastes while significantly reducing odor, and a cogeneration system using the same.

Organic wastes such as organic sludge and livestock manure are treated using technologies such as incineration, fermentation and direct and indirect drying. However, incineration generates disadvantageous substances such as dioxins, requires a large amount of external energy, and is expensive due to high installation costs. In addition, the direct and indirect drying has a problem that a considerable amount of energy is consumed to lower the moisture of 80% to 15%, and the bad smell is generated in the solid fuel after drying and drying. In addition, in the case of fermentation, the occurrence of such odor is particularly severe, there is a problem that the energy efficiency is low, takes a lot of time, and wastewater treatment. In addition, marine discharges are banned from sewage sludge and livestock manure since January 2012. Also, from January 2013, marine dumping will be banned for wastewater generated during food waste disposal.

Regarding the treatment of high-functional organic wastes, techniques for solidifying fuels have been developed to use them as energy sources. In this case, the water content must be reduced to 15% or less. Such solid fueling techniques are roughly classified into drying and carbonization, and drying is most preferable in the total amount of energy. However, the odor in the drying process and the odor accompanying the storage and use of the fuel produced is a problem.

Prior Document 1: Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2009-0128858 Prior Document 2: Korean Patent No. 10-0841335 Prior Document 3: Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2012-0012844 Prior Document 4: Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2005-0079929

In the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, to provide a method for producing a solid raw material from a high-functional organic waste, while reducing the odor significantly environmentally and efficiently as a problem.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system using the solid fuel prepared above as a problem.

The present invention for solving the above problems as one aspect,

혼합 a mixing step of mixing high-functional organic waste and municipal waste into a Fe-based reactor and mixing the waste; A hydrolysis step of adding hot steam to the reactor to pressurize the mixture of organic waste and municipal waste and then hydrolyzing the mixture by stirring in a pressurized state; 증기 abruptly depressurizing the inside of the reactor by discharging the steam inside the reactor and allowing the mixture to remain at low molecular weight through the step (b), or abruptly decompressing by increasing the specific surface area of the municipal waste which has passed the step (b) step; 진공 a vacuum or differential pressure step of removing moisture from the reactants subjected to step (c) by applying vacuum or differential pressure conditions to the reactor; And ⒠ a solid fuel forming step of producing a solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 20% by naturally drying and compressing the reactant which passed through the ⒟ step; and relates to a solid fuel manufacturing method using a high functional organic waste. .

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a cogeneration system using the solid fuel produced by the above method.

According to the present invention, by mixing high-functional organic waste and municipal waste into the Fe-based reactor and mixing and adding high-temperature, high-pressure steam, organic matter and odor components due to decomposition of steam radicals, peptone reaction by the Fe reaction catalyst are very highly By effectively decomposing and rapidly decomposing organic wastes, the organic wastes can be crushed and completely decomposed to efficiently dry the internal wastes of organic wastes to produce solid fuel. In particular, according to the method of the present invention, the high-pressure and high-pressure steam is applied to reduce the molecular weight of undecomposed organic wastes, and to expand the municipal waste to increase the specific surface area, thereby greatly improving drying efficiency. There is an effect that can be produced in a solid fuel in time.

In addition, the solid fuel produced by the method of the present invention can be provided as an excellent energy source to replace the fossil energy because the low calorific value is high, there is an effect that can be efficiently produced by the cogeneration system using the same.

1 shows a treatment system for a high functional organic waste according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the ionic change and the dielectric constant change curve of the water.

In the present invention, high-functional organic waste and municipal waste are mixed in a Fe-based reactor and mixed with high temperature and high pressure steam to decompose organic matter and odor components due to decomposition of steam radicals and peptone reaction by Fe reaction catalyst. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing solid fuel using high-efficiency organic waste of eco-friendly and high efficiency, which crushes and completely decomposes organic wastes by a rapid depressurization process so as to efficiently dry them to the internal water of organic wastes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention is a waste mixing step of mixing the high-function organic waste and municipal waste into the Fe-based reactor for mixing; A hydrolysis step of adding hot steam to the reactor to pressurize the mixture of organic waste and municipal waste and then hydrolyzing the mixture by stirring in a pressurized state; 증기 abruptly depressurizing the inside of the reactor by discharging the steam inside the reactor and allowing the mixture to remain at low molecular weight through the step (b), or abruptly decompressing by increasing the specific surface area of the municipal waste which has passed the step (b) step; 진공 a vacuum or differential pressure step of removing moisture from the reactants subjected to step (c) by applying vacuum or differential pressure conditions to the reactor; And ⒠ a solid fuelization step of naturally drying the reactants passed through the ⒟ step to produce a solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 20%. It relates to a solid fuel manufacturing method using a high water-containing organic waste.

In the present invention, the step (a) is a step of mixing the high-functional organic waste and the waste mixed with municipal waste in the Fe-based reactor, the high-functional organic waste is selected from livestock manure, sewage sludge, food waste At least one of them is a waste having a water content of 80% or more, and the municipal waste preferably includes papers and plastics. This is achieved by maximizing the efficiency of drying through the reaction of low molecular weight organic waste and the increased specific surface area of paper and plastic wastes, which are expanded by decompression in the decompression stage, and the production of plastic wastes including petroleum organic materials. This is because the low calorific value of the solid fuel can be improved. Preferably, the paper is 50 to 55% by weight of the municipal waste, plastics to include 40 to 45% by weight.

In addition, in the step (a), the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste are more preferably mixed at a ratio of 3.5-4: 0.5-1. In addition, more preferably, the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste are mixed into the reactor at a filling rate of 70 to 90%. It is possible to maintain the efficiency of the reaction by maximizing the processing capacity of the waste because high temperature and high pressure water vapor can be supplied from the outside of the reactor to maintain contact reaction with saturated steam even if the desired waste is introduced into the reactor at the high filling rate as described above. You can increase it.

In addition, in the present invention, the step (b) is a step of hydrolyzing the mixture by stirring in a pressurized state after pressurizing the mixture of the organic waste and municipal waste by applying a high temperature steam to the reactor, by pressing It is a step of lowering the moisture content of the organic waste by high temperature while decomposing the constituents of the organic waste to low molecular weight, decomposing odor components including sulfuric acid component to remove the odor. At this time, preferably by using a boiler connected to the reactor, by applying a steam of 200 ~ 250 ℃ to the reactor to the internal pressure of the reactor to 20 to 25 atm, and then by agitating the hydrolysis reaction is made. As shown in FIG. 2, the ionic ([H +] [OH−]) change and the change in permittivity of water were as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. This appears, and the dielectric constant is lowered to 1/3 to 1/4 level compared to room temperature, so that a potential difference occurs between ions, thereby increasing the organic decomposition ability. When the temperature and pressure range is less than this, the decomposition effect of organic matter and the reduction of odor are reduced, so that a desired effect cannot be obtained, and when the temperature and pressure range are exceeded, energy loss is caused.

In addition, the present invention is to supply the steam in the step (b) by using a boiler connected to the reactor, without the process of changing to hot water by direct contact injection to the organic waste of low temperature, The organic wastes can come into contact with the water vapor supplied from the boiler and cause a physicochemical reaction, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the reaction. In addition, since the phenomenon of reacting with hot water does not occur by supplying steam using a boiler supplied from the outside as described above, the reaction can be maintained even if the amount of waste charged in the reactor is increased, and the mixture of waste to be treated It can be charged to reach 70-90% of the reactor to cause a contact reaction with water vapor.

In addition, as the hydrolysis reaction is performed in the Fe-based reactor, the catalytic action of Fe can promote the peptone reaction, particularly in the region occupied by saturated steam in the reactor, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency of the reaction. According to the treatment and operation of the reactor, an organic film of 1 to 2 mm is formed inside the reactor so that corrosion by NaCl or the like can be prevented.

In addition, in the present invention, the step (c) is to discharge the vapor in the reactor to rapidly reduce the inside of the reactor to stand to lower the molecular weight of the organic waste that has passed the step (b), or (b) In this step, the specific surface area of municipal waste is increased to crush. In this step, the reactant in the state of pressurized by high temperature steam is rapidly reduced to increase the volume to lower the molecular weight or crush. By the depressurization step, the volume of urban garbage as a raw material expands instantaneously, and the specific surface area is increased, and the drying time is considerably shortened as it reacts with the water-containing organic material, thereby significantly improving the drying efficiency. It is preferable to discharge the steam in the reactor for 10 to 120 seconds to rapidly reduce the pressure to be 0.9 to 1.1 atm.

In the present invention, the step (d) is to remove the water of the reactants passed through the step (c) by applying a vacuum or differential pressure condition to the reactor, preferably by using a vacuum pump connected to the reactor By applying a vacuum or a differential pressure condition for 10 to 15 minutes to the reactor is characterized in that to remove 5 to 10% of the moisture contained in the reactant passed through the step (c).

In addition, in the present invention, the step (e) is a step of producing a solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 20% by naturally drying the reactant passed through the step ,, preferably having a low calorific value of 5000 kcal / kg or more It is characterized by producing a solid fuel.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a cogeneration system using the solid fuel produced by the above method. That is, the present invention produces a solid fuel (RDF) from the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste, and supplies it to the RDF burner and boiler to produce superheated steam and to produce electric power by a steam power generation system using the superheated steam. It will be able to provide a cogeneration system that can do this.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

≪ Example 1 >

A reactor having a size of 5 m ³ of a batch Fe material was prepared, and 3.5 tons of livestock manure having a water content of 80 to 85% and 0.5 to 1 ton of paper MSW (urban waste) were introduced into the reactor as soon as possible, and then an inlet at the top of the reactor. Closed. At the same time as the feeding was completed, the livestock manure and MSW were mixed and water vapor was supplied at 210 ° C. so that the internal pressure of the reactor was 23 atm. At this time, the saturated steam or superheated steam reached the reaction conditions within about 3 to 5 minutes in the steam supply dedicated boiler at the top of the reactor prepared in advance, and the steam supply was stopped. The reaction mixture was stirred at 10 to 15 rpm to cause a physico-chemical reaction between the supplied steam and the waste. During the reaction, when the temperature and pressure were below the preset temperature, saturated steam or superheated steam was intermittently supplied to maintain the atmosphere at 210 ° C. and 23 atm. The above state is organically treated for about 30 to 60 minutes depending on the properties of the object to be treated to sufficiently generate a peptone reaction by the catalytic action of water vapor, the organic material to be treated, and the Fe-based reactor.

Next, the pressure relief valve was opened and vapor was instantaneously discharged through the steam outlet until it reached atmospheric pressure (1 atm) within 2 minutes so that organic matter, organic cells, or MSW that were not decomposed during the above reaction were low-molecularized or crushed. After completion of the low molecular crushing and crushing, a vacuum (differential pressure) process is performed for about 10 to 15 minutes using an external vacuum (differential pressure) pump to remove water in the reactor under high temperature vacuum or differential pressure conditions. About 5-10% were removed. The product produced after the reaction was transferred to a paddle-type dry plant and then dried naturally to produce a final solid fuel having a water content of 15%.

≪ Comparative Example 1 &

Solid fuel was prepared by the method of Example 1, but solid fuel was prepared without adding municipal waste (MSW).

Comparative Example 2

Solid fuel was prepared by the method of Example 1, but solid fuel was prepared without undergoing a process of suddenly depressurizing the steam after pressurizing.

Experiments and results

The change in the water content according to the manufacturing time (drying time) of the solid fuel according to the above example was measured using the high-water waste that was not treated and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 as a control, and are shown in Table 1 below.

Drying time Wastewater Waste
(wt%) Example 1
(wt%) Comparative Example 1
(wt%) Comparative Example 2
(wt%) 0 83 59 84 60 10 80 36 81 47 20 77 10 75 36 40 65 5 63 22 60 61 4 56 15

As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1 treated without containing municipal waste, the drying rate was almost the same as that of the non-treated wastewater. This is believed to be due to the evaporation of only the water in the upper gel state and the evaporation of the water in the lower gel state as it becomes a gel state due to the low molecular weight of the organic material and the external outflow of the intramolecular level. In addition, in the case of Comparative Example 2 treated without undergoing a rapid decompression process, it was confirmed that the increase rate of the specific surface area is small, which affects the drying rate during natural drying, and after about 20 hours in the case of Example 1 according to the present invention By showing a water content of about 10% it was confirmed that the efficiency of solid fuel production is very high.

From these results, it was confirmed that the time to reach 10% of the water content was reduced by more than two times by adding urban waste and undergoing rapid pressure reduction and vacuum processes.

In addition, the results of analyzing the characteristics of the municipal waste used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are as follows.

Food Paper Plastics Textiles Timber  Rubber Miscellaneous
(nonflammable) system 1.07 51.3 42.6 0.07 3.2 1.74 0.02 100 (%)

In addition, as a result of measuring the calorific value of the solid fuel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the solid fuel prepared in Comparative Example 1, the average of 5,000 kcal / kg of the case of Example 1 with the addition of municipal waste is about 500 kcal / kg The calorific value was shown. That is, more than 50% of papers and 40% or more of plastics contained in urban waste improves the specific surface area in a sudden reduction process, thereby increasing the drying speed, and also generating calorific value of solid products by the petroleum-based organic plastics. It seems to be able to increase. The average calorific value is shown in Table 3 below. (Unit: kcal / kg)

Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Urban garbage Sludge 5000 4500 4700 4300

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, such modifications or variations will have to be belong to the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

(a) At least one selected from animal husbandry, sewage sludge, and food waste, containing high-content organic waste with a water content of 80% or more, and municipal waste including 50-55% by weight of paper (to the total weight of municipal waste); A mixing step of mixing the wastes by mixing them into a single structure reactor made of Fe-based material;
(b) hydrolysis of hydrolyzing the mixture by adding hot steam to the reactor to pressurize the mixture of the organic waste and municipal waste, and then stirring the mixture in a pressurized state;
(c) by discharging the steam inside the reactor for 10 to 120 seconds to rapidly reduce the inside of the reactor to be 0.9 to 1.1 atm, thereby lowering the molecular weight of the organic waste from step (b), or (b) A sudden pressure reduction step of crushing by increasing the specific surface area of the rough urban waste;
(d) applying a vacuum or differential pressure condition to the reactor for 10 to 15 minutes using a vacuum pump connected to the reactor to remove 5 to 10% of the water contained in the reactant after step (c) ; And
(e) a solid fuelization step of producing a solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 20% by natural drying after discharging the reactants passed through the step (d), including the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste Process for producing solid fuel from waste raw materials. delete According to claim 1, wherein the step (a),
The high-functional organic waste and municipal waste is a 3.5 ~ 4: 0.5 ~ 1 in the ratio of the mixture, characterized in that the mixture of high-functional organic waste and municipal waste, including the raw material for producing solid fuel. According to claim 1, wherein the step (a),
And mixing the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste into the Fe-based reactor at a filling rate of 70 to 90%, and mixing the high-functional organic waste and municipal waste. According to claim 1, wherein step (b) is,
Using a boiler connected to the reactor, by applying a steam of 200 ~ 250 ℃ to the reactor to pressurize the mixture of the organic waste and municipal waste so that the internal pressure of the reactor to 20 to 25 atm, high-functional organic waste And a method for producing solid fuel from waste raw materials including municipal waste. delete delete The method of claim 1,
The solid fuel produced in step (e) is characterized in that it has a low calorific value of more than 5000 kcal / kg, solid fuel manufacturing method from the waste raw materials including high-functional organic waste and municipal waste. Claim 1, characterized in that the superheated steam produced by supplying the solid fuel produced by the method of any one of claims 3 to 5 and 8 to the boiler, characterized in that to produce electric power by using the produced superheated steam Cogeneration system.

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