KR100766101B1 - Turbine generator using refrigerant for recovering energy from the low temperature wasted heat - Google Patents

Abstract

A turbine generator using refrigerant for recovering energy from the low temperature wasted heat is provided to recover sufficient energy from the low temperature wasted heat by using refrigerant capable of dissipating and absorbing heat easily under low temperature. A turbine generator(1) using refrigerant for recovering energy from the low temperature wasted heat comprises a refrigerant turbine(18), a condenser(20), a pump(21), a carburetor(22), and a refrigerant generator(19). The refrigerant turbine is operated by refrigerant. The condenser is connected to the refrigerant turbine to convert vapor refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant turbine into liquid refrigerant. The pump is connected to the condenser to compress the liquid refrigerant into high pressure, and has an impeller rotary shaft(27) connected to a shaft of the refrigerant turbine. The carburetor is connected to the pump to convert the liquid refrigerant into gas refrigerant. The refrigerant generator is provided with an internal rotor shaft that is integrated to the impeller rotary shaft of the pump, and is integrally rotated with the pump. The refrigerant turbine, condenser, pump, and carburetor form a cycle where the refrigerant circulates for generating energy.

Description

       Turbine Generator Using Refrigerant for Recovering Energy from the Low Temperature Wasted Heat

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional power generation apparatus;

2 is a cycle diagram formed in a conventional power generation apparatus;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine generator for generating power from low temperature waste heat according to the present invention;

4 is a cycle diagram showing a cycle formed by the turbine generator according to the present invention;

5 is a cycle diagram showing energy obtained in a turbine generator according to the present invention;

6 is a structural diagram showing the overall shape of the turbine power generator according to the present invention assembled;

7 is a structural diagram showing the assembly shape when the turbine is changed to the radial flow in the turbine generator according to the present invention.

      <Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings>

1,1 ': Refrigerant using turbine generator using low temperature waste heat according to the present invention

18,18 ': refrigerant turbine

19,19 ': Refrigerant generator 20: Condenser

21,21 ': Pump 22: carburetor

23: high pressure gas refrigerant 24: low pressure gas refrigerant

25: low pressure liquid refrigerant, 26: high pressure liquid refrigerant

27 axis 28 saturation diagram

29a: acquired energy, 29b: energy consumed

30: magnet 31: generator coil

32: Impeller 33: Blade

34 disc 35 seal

36: bearing 37: centrifugal turbine impeller

201: compressor 202: combustor,

203: gas turbine 204: gas turbine generator

205: waste heat recovery boiler 206: steam turbine

207: multiplier 208: pump

209 steam turbine generator 210 compressor inlet

211: compressed air 212: gas of high temperature and high pressure

213: waste heat of gas turbine 214: high pressure high temperature steam

215: low temperature low pressure steam 216: liquid state

217: high pressure liquid state,

       The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating power using low temperature waste heat and using a refrigerant. More specifically, the pump for pressurizing the refrigerant uses a turbo type, and the turbine uses an axial flow type or a radial flow type. There is no additional input required to operate the pump as it is connected by a single shaft, and the other part of the turbine shaft is connected to the generator and used as a starting motor for initial start-up, but when it starts, it is converted into a generator and generates power to generate low temperature waste heat. It relates to a turbine generator using refrigerant for the utilization of low-temperature waste heat generated by the recovered energy recovered.

       Generally, there are a gas turbine method of generating power using a gas of high temperature and high pressure, and a steam turbine method of using high temperature and high pressure steam by heating water. In addition, there is a complex cogeneration method in which the two methods are mixed. The characteristic is that the fuel is used to obtain a high temperature or a very high heat source is required from the outside.

       1 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional power generation apparatus, and shows a combined cogeneration system in which a gas turbine method and a steam turbine method are mixed, and components thereof include a compressor 201, a combustor 202, and a gas turbine 203. Gas turbine power generation including a gas turbine generator 204 for generating power from.

       In this structure, since the waste heat 213 discharged from the gas turbine 203 has a high temperature near 500 ° C., the waste heat recovery boiler 205, the steam turbine 206, and the condenser are disposed at a rear side thereof to recycle them. 207, a pump 208, and a steam turbine generator 209 are provided with a steam turbine generator for combined cogeneration which obtains secondary power generation.

      On the other hand, in the thermal power plant that only steam turbine power generation can not utilize the waste heat (213) of the gas turbine to generate power by heating the boiler using the fuel instead of the waste heat to obtain a high-pressure steam.

      In the above, the compressor 201 inhales and compresses air through the compressor inlet 210, and the compressed air 211 is heated in the combustor 202 to be a gas 212 of high temperature and high pressure to provide the gas turbine 203. It will run. If this is shown in the temperature and entropy diagram, it is as shown in FIG. 2, and the cycle diagram shown above among these cycle diagrams shows the state in which the gas turbine 203 operates.

       In this case, the amount of power generated by the gas turbine generator 204 may include energy of the high temperature and high pressure gas 212 at the outlet of the combustor 202 and waste heat 213 of the gas turbine 203 in the cycle diagram of FIG. 2. Since it is a difference in energy, the more fuel is injected, the more power is generated.

       As shown in the gas turbine power generation cycle diagram of FIG. 2, the gas turbine 203 is sent to the waste heat recovery boiler 205 of the steam turbine 206 because the temperature of the waste heat 213 is high.

      On the other hand, the high pressure and high temperature steam 214 obtained from the waste heat recovery boiler 205 of the steam turbine 206 operates the steam turbine 206 and turns the steam turbine generator 209 with the energy obtained therefrom to generate secondary power generation. Done.

      Here, the low temperature low pressure steam 215 passing through the steam turbine 206 is changed from the gas state to the liquid state 216 in the condenser 207, and is pressurized by the pump 208 to the high pressure liquid state 217. The waste heat recovery boiler 205 is converted into a gas state.

       It is then supplied back to the steam turbine 206 to form a cycle for operating it, the cycle of the lower part of the cycle of Figure 2 represents the cycle of the steam turbine 206, where the temperature of the working steam is the gas turbine The cycle is formed at a temperature lower than the temperature of (203).

      However, in the development of steam turbines that recover and use waste heat, the temperature of waste heat applied to the waste heat recovery boiler 205 should be about 500 ° C., so this temperature is another energy source rather than waste heat. There are many problems that do not utilize waste heat at temperatures below 500 ° C.

       Conventionally, when the temperature of waste heat is low, it is impossible to recover waste heat by the steam turbine method. Especially when the temperature of waste heat is below 100 ℃, it is impossible to heat the liquid water to make steam, and if the steam is pressurized, the boiling point of water becomes higher. none.

       However, the temperature of the waste heat emitted from general factories and industrial complexes is not only low waste heat below 100 ° C., but also the waste heat occupies a considerable amount of capacity, because there is no proper technique for recycling it.

       In addition, the waste heat recovery method of the steam turbine type should be equipped with a boiler of a considerably large capacity, but in a small unit of industry, such a large space is required, or the installation of equipment is difficult to bring a high cost. Therefore, the waste heat recovery efficiency is drastically reduced as the temperature of the waste heat decreases, so that energy cannot be recycled from the waste heat source of low temperature in the conventional manner.

       In addition, the conventional method requires a separate power for operating the pump 208 for pressurizing the liquid, and a condenser 207 for liquefying the steam, the condenser 207 is a conventional steam discharge heat As it becomes a liquid, such devices are installed and used near large reservoirs, rivers, and beaches, so there are various technical problems that are not suitable for low temperature waste heat.

       The present invention has been invented to solve the above problems, and its object is to recover energy even in low temperature waste heat by using a refrigerant that is easy to absorb and release heat at a low temperature without using water like a steam turbine method. The present invention provides a turbine generator using refrigerant for utilization of low temperature waste heat.

       And another object of the present invention, even if the temperature difference between the carburetor and the condenser is small enough to obtain energy, and when the temperature difference becomes larger, more energy can be obtained to utilize the low-temperature waste heat to effectively recover energy To provide a refrigerant generator for the turbine generator.

       In another aspect, the present invention is a refrigerant for the utilization of low-temperature waste heat can be achieved by reducing the energy cost in the industry can be recycled by recycling the low-temperature waste heat was previously impossible to obtain energy In providing a turbine generator for use.

       In addition, the present invention as another object to provide a turbine generator using a refrigerant for the utilization of low-temperature waste heat can effectively achieve self-generation by using geothermal heat as an alternative energy source.

       In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, in the power generation apparatus using low-temperature waste heat to generate energy from the low-temperature waste heat,

       A refrigerant turbine operating using a refrigerant;

       A condenser connected to the refrigerant turbine to convert gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant turbine into a liquid refrigerant;

      A pump connected to the condenser to receive a liquid refrigerant and compress the liquid refrigerant into a high pressure liquid refrigerant, and an internal impeller rotating shaft connected to an axis of the refrigerant turbine;

       A vaporizer connected to the pump to convert a liquid refrigerant into a gas refrigerant; And

      An internal rotor shaft is integrally connected to the impeller rotating shaft of the pump and is configured to include a refrigerant generator which rotates integrally with the pump to generate power. The refrigerant turbine, the condenser, the pump, and the vaporizer form a cycle in which the refrigerant circulates. Provided is a turbine generator using refrigerant for utilization of low temperature waste heat, characterized in that the power generation.

       And the present invention is a power generator using low temperature waste heat to generate energy by obtaining energy from low temperature waste heat,

       A refrigerant turbine operating using a refrigerant;

      A condenser connected to the refrigerant turbine to convert gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant turbine into a liquid refrigerant;

      A pump connected to the condenser to receive a liquid refrigerant and compress the liquid refrigerant into a high pressure liquid refrigerant, and an internal impeller rotating shaft connected to one end of the shaft of the refrigerant turbine;

       A vaporizer connected to the pump to convert a liquid refrigerant into a gas refrigerant; And

      And a refrigerant generator in which the internal rotor shaft is integrally connected to the other end of the refrigerant turbine and integrally rotated with the refrigerant turbine to generate power. The refrigerant turbine, the condenser, the pump, and the vaporizer are configured to cycle through the refrigerant. It provides a turbine generator using refrigerant for utilization of low-temperature waste heat, characterized in that the power generation.

       The present invention removes the steam turbine in the conventional steam turbine power generation method and installed the refrigerant turbine, and instead of the condenser for liquefying water to install a condenser, which is a heat exchanger to liquefy the refrigerant. In addition, instead of a general pump for pressurizing water, a compact and high-speed pump may be used to pressurize the refrigerant by replacing the pump with high efficiency.

       In addition, the present invention is to replace the conventional waste heat recovery boiler to heat the water to install a vaporizer, which is a heat exchanger to reduce the space and reduce the cost, even in a small space using a refrigerant that is easy to heat exchange at low temperatures We can install enough. In addition, the unit can generate power even in areas where low temperature waste heat is released.

       Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

       Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a turbine generator using refrigerant using low temperature waste heat as a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, unlike the steam turbine that used water as the working fluid compared to the conventional power generator is a low temperature absorption and release of heat Easily used refrigerants are used as the working fluid.

       First, the characteristic structure of the turbine generator (1) using the refrigerant for the utilization of low-temperature waste heat according to the present invention is as follows.

      The present invention includes a refrigerant turbine 18 that operates using a refrigerant, and has a condenser 20 connected to the refrigerant turbine 18 to convert gaseous refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant turbine 18 into a liquid refrigerant. .

       The present invention operates a refrigerant turbine 18 in a gaseous state at low temperature waste heat. The refrigerant turbine 18 applies an axial flow turbine when the amount of waste heat is large, and installs a radial flow turbine where the waste heat is small. To operate.

       The present invention provides a pump 21 connected to the condenser 20 to receive a liquid refrigerant and compresses the liquid refrigerant into a high pressure liquid refrigerant, and has an internal impeller rotating shaft connected to one end of the shaft of the refrigerant turbine 18. ) Is a method of pressurizing the refrigerant by using a turbo pump that operates at a small and high speed to obtain high efficiency instead of a general pump that pressurizes water.

       The invention also has a vaporizer 22 connected to the pump 21 to convert the liquid refrigerant into a gaseous refrigerant.

       Absorption of waste heat in the present invention is made in the vaporizer 22, the waste heat may be less than 500 ° C temperature, thereby changing the high-pressure liquid state refrigerant to a gaseous high-pressure refrigerant, high-pressure gas refrigerant (23 ) Applies air force to the blades of the refrigerant turbine 18 to obtain rotational force.

       In addition, the present invention includes a refrigerant generator 19 that is connected to the other end of the shaft of the refrigerant turbine 18 integrally with the shaft of the internal rotor to rotate and generate power integrally with the refrigerant turbine 18.

       Refrigerant use turbine generator for utilization of the low temperature waste heat according to the present invention (1) is used as the shaft of the pump 21 as the shaft of the turbine 18, part of the energy formed in the turbine 18 pump 21 The amount of energy consumed by the pump 21 is very small compared to the amount of energy obtained by the turbine 18 in actual operation.

       The shaft of the turbine 18 has the characteristic of being used simultaneously as the shaft of the refrigerant generator 19, and in the case of operating in such a short axis, there is no need of supplying power from the outside for operating the pump 21. .

       Therefore, the refrigerant using turbine power generator 1 for the utilization of low temperature waste heat according to the present invention is simplified in structure, the reduction in efficiency due to the conversion of energy is also reduced, and additionally the refrigerant generator 19 during the initial operation It is a simple structure that can be operated as a starting motor by simple operation and does not require additional device for starting.

       In addition, the vaporizer 22 for vaporizing the refrigerant and the condenser 20 for condensing the refrigerant in the form of a general heat exchanger is a structure that is easily used in the heat exchange using waste heat or the condensation process using the air in the atmosphere of the space reduction and low cost Is made of.

       And because the shaft of the refrigerant generator 19 is used integrally with the shaft of the refrigerant turbine 18 may cause additional mass that is a burden on the rotational force, in order to minimize the magnet 30 is attached to the rotor portion of the shaft, By installing the coil 31 on the part of the stator, the arrangement of the structure opposite to the general generator 19 or the motor can minimize the additional mass that may be a burden on the rotational force of the turbine 18, and the efficiency accordingly Reduction does not occur.

       Meanwhile, the rotational force generated by the refrigerant turbine 18 starts the pump 21 and the refrigerant generator 19 connected to the shaft 27 of the turbine 18 at the same time. The refrigerant generator 19 generates power, The low pressure gas refrigerant 24 discharged from the refrigerant turbine 18 passes heat through the condenser 20 and is converted into a low pressure liquid refrigerant 25.

       In addition, the liquid refrigerant is pressurized by the pump 21 connected in the same axis as the refrigerant turbine 18 to be changed into a high pressure liquid refrigerant 26, and again in the gas state by the waste heat absorbed by the vaporizer 22 And forms a cycle to run the turbine 18.

       In addition, the condenser 20 has a structure in which the other surface is exposed to atmospheric air or low temperature water in a river, lake, or sea to condense the refrigerant.

       The condenser 20 may use atmospheric air in a gaseous state, and there is no problem in operation even using low temperature water in rivers, lakes, and seas. The larger the temperature of the vaporizer 22 and the larger the temperature difference in the condenser 20, the greater the amount of power generation. Therefore, the use of the condenser 20 may vary depending on the region where low-temperature waste heat is discharged.

       As described above, the present invention uses the shaft 27 of the refrigerant turbine 18 as the shaft of the pump 21 and the refrigerant generator 19, and the refrigerant turbine 18 and Even if the refrigerant generator 19 is configured with the same rotation shaft and the pump 21 is operated using a separate shaft, there is no problem in the cycle of the refrigerant power generation system.

       FIG. 4 is a cycle diagram of the power generation method of FIG. 3, which shows the relationship between pressure and enthalpy. When the pressure is high, the temperature is high, and when the pressure is low, the temperature is also low.

       In this cycle diagram, a gaseous state and a liquid state are mixed in a two-phase state inside the saturation line 28 of the refrigerant, and in the cycle diagram, an upper side of the cycle diagram is a high-pressure gas refrigerant in the high-pressure liquid refrigerant 26. At 23), an abnormal state is formed by the vaporizer 22, and in this abnormal state, the temperature and the pressure are kept constant.

       Similarly, in the case where the low pressure gas refrigerant 24 is changed from the lower pressure gas refrigerant 24 to the low pressure liquid refrigerant 25, the phase change is generated by the condenser 20. The change is made constant.

       The right side of the cycle is the case where the high pressure gas refrigerant 23 operates the refrigerant turbine 18 and changes to the low pressure gas refrigerant 24, the operation in the refrigerant turbine 18 being entropy diagram in the gaseous refrigerant. On the other hand, the left side of the cycle diagram is a diagram obtained when the low-pressure liquid refrigerant 25 is changed into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant 26 by the pump 21. The results obtained by reference are shown.

       5 is a cycle diagram showing the effect of energy obtained in the present invention, which shows the magnitude of the acquired energy 29a obtained in the refrigerant turbine 18, and consumes energy 29b consumed in the pump 21 which pressurizes the refrigerant. ) Represents the size.

       Comparing them, it can be seen that the acquired energy 29a is considerably larger than the consumed energy 29b. This is because the refrigerant operating state in the gas state and the operating state of the refrigerant in the liquid state are different.

       Although they have the same pressure difference, the acquired energy 29a becomes larger than the consumed energy 29b in the gas state because the change in enthalpy, which is energy in the gas state, is significantly larger than in the liquid state. Even if the higher the pressure in the vaporizer 22, the higher the acquisition energy is increased, while the lower the pressure in the condenser 20, the higher the acquisition energy (29a) increases the efficiency of the power generation cycle increases.

       In addition, as the pressure of the refrigerant increases, the temperature also increases, and if the pressure decreases, the temperature decreases, indicating that the cycle of the apparatus has a direct relationship with the temperature. However, since the energy difference between the temperature in the vaporizer 22 and the condenser 20 of the present apparatus is only about 40 ° C., energy can be easily obtained. Therefore, if the temperature of the general atmosphere is 20 ° C., the waste heat is only 60 ° C. If the atmospheric temperature is lowered even further, there is an advantage that the energy is equally obtained even at the lower heat waste heat.

       In addition, it generates electricity by using waste heat discarded in winter, and heat generated by the condenser 20 can be used as heating during the power generation process. In particular, in summer, when geothermal cold air is lower than atmospheric temperature, If the location of waste heat is near lakes, rivers, and seas, even if colder water is used, even more waste heat at the same temperature can be obtained.

       6 illustrates a refrigerant generator turbine generator 1 for utilization of low temperature waste heat according to the present invention, in which a refrigerant turbine 18, a pump 21, and a refrigerant generator 19 are assembled in one axis. It is a structural diagram showing.

       Refrigerant turbine 18 is used in the axial flow type suitable for the large size, and the basic components for this configuration and the magnet 30 mounted to the rotor of the refrigerant generator 19 assembled at the end of the turbine 18 shaft and There is a coil 31 of a generator 19 wrapped around it.

       A pump impeller 32 is required inside the pump 21, and the blade 33 of the axial turbine 18, the disk 34 to which the blade is attached, and between the turbine 18 and the pump 21. A seal 35 is applied to it, and has a feature of being composed of a bearing 36 for supporting each rotor. In such a structure, there is no need for another motor for operating the pump 21, so it is a low-cost structure and there is an advantage that the reduction in efficiency due to energy conversion does not occur.

       In addition, it is possible to precise assembly due to a single axis, since the refrigerant generator 19 is applied as a starting motor at the time of starting, its operation is simple, it is made of a structure that reduces the cost during manufacturing.

       7 shows a modified structure of the present invention. The present invention of such a modified structure is mostly the same as the structure described with reference to Figures 3 and 6, the difference is only in the arrangement structure. Therefore, in the modified structure of the present invention, the same reference numerals will be given to the same parts in relation to FIGS. 3 and 6, and the subscripts (') will be given to the same reference numerals for parts having a different arrangement structure and will be displayed on the drawings. .

       Refrigerant using turbine power generator (1 ') for utilization of the low-temperature waste heat according to the modified structure of the present invention is connected to the rotary shaft of the internal impeller 32' of the pump 21 'to one end of the shaft of the refrigerant turbine 18', The shaft of the internal magnet 30 'of the refrigerant generator 19' is integrally connected to the other end of the shaft of the refrigerant turbine 18 'so as to rotate and generate power integrally with the refrigerant turbine 18'.

       Such a modified structure of the present invention uses a centrifugal turbine as the refrigerant turbine 18 'when the capacity of the low temperature waste heat is not large, which is more effective than when using the axial flow type. In this structure, the turbine 18 'represents an impeller 37' of a centrifugal turbine, and depending on the assembly method, the refrigerant generator 19 'may be installed at the position of the turbine 18', which is necessary. Therefore, the position can be adjusted. In addition, the principle of operation is not different from the case of installing the axial turbine.

       As described above, the present invention achieves this by using a refrigerant that is easy to absorb and release heat when generating power using low temperature waste heat, and achieves energy using a turbine and a generator. Pumps, vaporizers and condensers are used to complete the cycle, and a single shaft can be used to reduce component count and increase cycle efficiency.

       The power generation apparatus using the low volume, simple structure, low temperature waste heat obtained by the present invention is only for the general understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these specific matters or specific structures. Those skilled in the art may variously modify or change the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Nevertheless, it will be apparent that all such modifications or variations will fall within the scope of the present invention.

       As described above, according to the present invention, power generation is possible by using a fuel at a high temperature in a conventional power generation device, or power generation is possible by using a very high temperature heat source. In the present invention, it is possible to generate power even in the case of waste heat having a low temperature by using a refrigerant.

       According to the present invention, even if the temperature difference between the vaporizer and the condenser is only about 40 ° C., the energy is sufficiently obtained. When the temperature difference is increased, more energy is obtained, and if the temperature difference is reduced, only the degree of energy reduction is generated. Compared to the case of using only high heat in the device, it is quite effective.

       In addition, it is possible to obtain low-temperature energy that cannot be obtained in the conventional apparatus, and to utilize energy waste temperature that has been discarded because the energy cannot be obtained in the conventional apparatus, thereby regenerating energy, thereby reducing energy costs in the industry. This would be possible.

       In addition, the present invention is a device that can achieve self-generation by using geothermal heat as an alternative energy source is a very useful effect in the field of energy.

Claims (3)

       In the power generation device using low temperature waste heat to generate energy from the low temperature waste heat,        A refrigerant turbine operating using a refrigerant;       A condenser connected to the refrigerant turbine to convert gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant turbine into a liquid refrigerant;       A pump connected to the condenser to receive a liquid refrigerant and compress the liquid refrigerant into a high pressure liquid refrigerant, and an internal impeller rotating shaft connected to an axis of the refrigerant turbine;        A vaporizer connected to the pump to convert a liquid refrigerant into a gas refrigerant; And       An internal rotor shaft is integrally connected to the impeller rotating shaft of the pump and is configured to include a refrigerant generator which rotates integrally with the pump to generate power. The refrigerant turbine, the condenser, the pump, and the vaporizer form a cycle in which the refrigerant circulates. Refrigerant using turbine generator for utilization of low-temperature waste heat, characterized in that the power generation.        The turbine generator of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant turbine, the pump, and the refrigerant generator have a single shaft to increase space and increase efficiency.        The turbine generator of claim 2, wherein the refrigerant generator has a structure in which a magnet is installed on an internal rotor shaft for mass reduction, and an electric coil is installed around the magnet. .

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