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KR100325843B1 - Simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect - Google Patents

Simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect Download PDF

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KR100325843B1
KR100325843B1 KR1019940034242A KR19940034242A KR100325843B1 KR 100325843 B1 KR100325843 B1 KR 100325843B1 KR 1019940034242 A KR1019940034242 A KR 1019940034242A KR 19940034242 A KR19940034242 A KR 19940034242A KR 100325843 B1 KR100325843 B1 KR 100325843B1
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liquid crystal
crystal display
simple matrix
electrodes
effect
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KR1019940034242A
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KR960024523A (en
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이강옥
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김순택
삼성에스디아이 주식회사
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136204Arrangements to prevent high voltage or static electricity failures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/121Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode common or background

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect is provided to increase color purity and resolution and reduce electrical short-circuiting between common electrodes by decreasing field dependance effect. CONSTITUTION: A simple matrix type liquid crystal display includes common electrodes(12) for providing address signals, segment electrodes(1) for providing data signals, and a spacer for supporting upper and lower electrode substrates so as to maintain a specific distance of segments. The liquid crystal display further includes liquid crystal for generating electro-optical effect, and an alignment layer for aligning liquid crystal molecules to allow the liquid crystal molecules to be arranged in a specific direction. The common electrodes are arranged in a comb type in which the width of the common electrodes intersecting the segment electrodes is narrower than the width of the common electrodes that do not intersect the segment electrodes.

Description

전계 의존 효과가 감소된 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자Simple Matrix Liquid Crystal Display with Reduced Field Dependence Effect

본 발명은 전계의존효과( Field Dependance Effect )가 감소된 단순 행렬형( Simple matrix type ) 액정 표시( Liquid Crystal Display ) 소자에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device having a reduced field dependency effect.

액정 표시(LCD) 소자의 구동 방식은 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있는데, 그 하나는 정적(靜的, static) 구동 방식이고, 다른 하나는 복합(複合, multiplex) 구동 방식이다. 정적 구동 방식은 세그먼트(segment) 표시의 가장 기본적인 방식으로서, 전체의 세그먼트 전극을 각각 개별적으로 구동하는 방식이다. 복합 구동 방식은 표시하는 숫자가 비교적 많은 경우에 이용되며, 시분할(時分割, time-sharing) 또는 동적(動的, dynamic) 구동 방식이라고도 한다. 복합 구동 방식은 전체의 세그먼트 전극을 복합조(複合組)로 분할하여 각각을 시분할적으로 구동하는 방식이다. 이 방식은 다시 단순 행렬형(Simple matrix type)과 능동 행렬형(Active matrix type) 으로 나눌 수 있다.There are two driving methods for a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, one of which is a static driving method and the other of which is a multiplex driving method. The static driving method is the most basic method of segment display, and is a method of individually driving the entire segment electrodes. The complex driving method is used when a relatively large number is displayed and is also referred to as time-sharing or dynamic driving method. The composite drive method is a method of dividing an entire segment electrode into a composite tank and driving each time-divisionally. This method can be further divided into a simple matrix type and an active matrix type.

단순 행렬형은, 아래와 위의 기판의 내면에 따라 형성된 주사전극군(走査電極群)과 신호전극군(信號電極群) 사이에 전계를 형성하여 액정을 구동하는 방식이다. 제1도는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시장치의 주사 전극과 신호 전극의 배치 관계를 보인 개략도이다. 제1도에서 Y1, Y2, Y3, .... , YN-1, YN.이 위층의 신호 전극군 즉, 세그먼트 전극군이라면 X1, X2, X3, .... , XN-1, XN.은 아래층의 주사 전극군 즉, 공통(common) 전극군이 된다. 이와 같은 세그먼트 전극군과 공통 전극군은 아래 위 유리 기판의 안쪽 면에 ITO( Indium Tin Oxide : In2O3와 SnO2의 혼합 분말을 가열, 압축한 물질 )의 투명한 도전막에 따라 형성된다. 제2도는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자의 내부 구조를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 정단면도이다. 제2도와 같이 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자는 주소(address) 신호를 주는 공통 전극(5), 데이터 신호를주는 세그먼트 전극(1), 아래 위 전극 기판을 지지함으로써 세그먼트를 일정한 간격으로 유지시키는 스페이서(spacer;4), 전기광학효과(電氣光學效果)를 발생시키는 액정, 그리고 액정 분자가 균일한 배열을 형성함으로써 일정한 방향을 갖도록 하는 배향층( 配向層 : alignment layer : 2 )으로 구성된 것을 그 특징으로 한다.The simple matrix type is a method of driving a liquid crystal by forming an electric field between a scan electrode group and a signal electrode group formed along the inner surface of the substrate below and above. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the scan electrodes and the signal electrodes of a simple matrix liquid crystal display. In FIG. 1 , if Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , ...., Y N-1 , Y N. Is the signal electrode group of the upper layer, that is, the segment electrode group, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , ... , X N-1 , X N. Become the scan electrode group of the lower layer, that is, the common electrode group. These segment electrodes and the common electrodes are on an inner surface of the glass substrate ITO Top Bottom: formed according to the transparent conductive film (Indium Tin Oxide heating a mixed powder of I n2 O 3 and S n O 2, compressed material) do. 2 is a schematic front sectional view for explaining the internal structure of the simple matrix liquid crystal display device. As shown in FIG. 2, the simple matrix liquid crystal display includes a common electrode 5 for giving an address signal, a segment electrode 1 for giving a data signal, and a spacer for maintaining segments at regular intervals by supporting a lower electrode substrate. spacer; 4) a liquid crystal for generating an electro-optic effect, and an alignment layer (2) having a uniform direction by forming a uniform array of liquid crystal molecules. do.

한편 능동 행렬형은, 스위칭(switching) 소자를 행렬의 형태로 배열한 어레이(array)를 이용하여 액정을 직접 스위칭 구동하는 방식이다. 이와 같은 능동 행렬형은 최근 높은 해상도(解像度)가 요구되는 분야에서 주목을 받고 있다.On the other hand, the active matrix type is a method of directly switching driving the liquid crystal using an array of switching elements arranged in a matrix form. Such active matrix forms have recently attracted attention in fields requiring high resolution.

제3도는 종래의 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 평면도이다. 제3도에 도시된 바와 같이 종래의 전극군 형태에서는 X1Y1이 선택(selection)되는 경우, 전계의존효과에 의하여 인접되는 X1Y2영역까지 영향을 받게되는 문제점을 안고 있다. 액정 표시 소자, 특히 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자에서의 전계의존효과란, 인접되는 두 전극의 간격(space)이 좁을 때, 한 전극에 전계(field)가 형성되면 다른 전극의 경계면에서도 전계의 영향을 받게 되는 간섭 또는 크로스토오크(cross-talk) 현상을 말한다. 이러한 효과가 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자에서 발생되는 경우, 색순도(color purity)와 해상도( 解像度 : resolution ) 가 저하된다. 한편, 제3도와 같은 종래의 구조는 공통 전극의 폭(8)이 공통 전극 사이의 간격(9)에 비하여 상대적으로 큼에 따라, 공통 전극 사이에서 단락(short)을 초래할 수 있다. 공통 전극 사이에서의 단락의 양태는 제3도의 A 지점에 확대, 도해되어 있다.3 is a schematic plan view for explaining a conventional simple matrix liquid crystal display device. In the case that the electrode assembly in the conventional form of the X 1 Y 1 selection (selection), as shown in Figure 3, may hold the problem will be affected by X 1 Y 2 regions by the adjacent electric field dependent effects. Field-dependent effects in liquid crystal display devices, especially simple matrix type liquid crystal display devices, means that when a field is formed on one electrode when the space between two adjacent electrodes is narrow, the effect of the electric field on the interface of the other electrode is affected. Interference or cross-talk phenomenon that is received. When such an effect is generated in a simple matrix liquid crystal display device, color purity and resolution are degraded. On the other hand, the conventional structure as shown in FIG. 3 may cause a short between the common electrodes as the width 8 of the common electrode is relatively larger than the spacing 9 between the common electrodes. The aspect of the short circuit between the common electrodes is enlarged and illustrated at the point A of FIG.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제를 감안해서 창안된 것으로, 전계의존효과 및 공통 전극 사이의 단락이 구조적으로 억제된 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자를 제공하는 데에 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a simple matrix liquid crystal display device in which the electric field dependence effect and the short circuit between the common electrodes are structurally suppressed.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 주소(address) 신호를 주는 공통 전극, 데이터 신호를 주는 세그먼트 전극, 아래 위 전극 기판을 지지함으로써 세그먼트를 일정한 간격으로 유지시키는 스페이서(spacer), 전기광학효과(電氣光學效果)를 발생시키는 액정, 그리고 액정 분자가 균일한 배열을 형성함으로써 일정한 방향을 갖도록 하는 배향층( 配向層 : alignment layer )으로 구성되는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자에 있어서, 상기 공통 전극이, 상기 세그먼트 전극과 교차되지 않는 부분의 폭을 교차되는 부분의 폭에 비해 좁게 한, 빗살 형태( Comb type )인 것을 특징으로 한다.To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a common electrode for giving an address signal, a segment electrode for giving a data signal, a spacer for maintaining segments at regular intervals by supporting a lower electrode substrate, an electro-optic effect ( In a simple matrix liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal that generates an electron beam and an alignment layer such that the liquid crystal molecules have a constant direction by forming a uniform array, the common electrode includes: Comb type, characterized in that the width of the portion that does not intersect the segment electrode compared to the width of the portion intersecting the segment electrode.

이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하면서 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

제4도는 본 발명의 실시예에 의한 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 평면도이다. 제4도에 도시된 바와 같이 공통 전극(12)은, 세그먼트 전극(1)과 교차되지 않는 부분만의 폭을 좁게 한 빗살 형태( Comb type )를 취하고 있다. 세그먼트 전극(1)과 교차되는 공통 전극 부분은 액정 표시 본연의 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 종래의 폭( 270∼280 ㎛ )을 유지시킨다. 한편, 교차되지 않는 공통 전극 부분은 액정 표시의 기능과 직접 관계되지 않음에 따라, 전기적 연결 기능만을 수행할 정도로 폭(11)을 5∼50 ㎛로 줄인다. 본 실시예에 따른 실험 데이터에의하면, 교차되지 않는 공통 전극 부분의 폭이 30∼40 ㎛인 경우에 가장 신뢰도(reliability)가 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 병합되는 조건으로서, 세그먼트 전극의 간격(6)이 10∼25 ㎛인 경우에 가장 신뢰도가 높다는 것을 확인하였다.4 is a schematic plan view for explaining a simple matrix liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the common electrode 12 has the comb type which narrowed the width | variety of only the part which does not cross | intersect the segment electrode 1. As shown in FIG. The common electrode portion intersecting the segment electrode 1 maintains the conventional width (270 to 280 mu m) so as to perform a liquid crystal display intrinsic function. On the other hand, the portion of the common electrode that does not intersect is not directly related to the function of the liquid crystal display, so that the width 11 is reduced to 5 to 50 µm so as to perform only the electrical connection function. According to the experimental data according to the present embodiment, it was confirmed that the highest reliability was obtained when the width of the common electrode portion not intersecting was 30 to 40 µm. Moreover, as a condition to be merged, it was confirmed that the reliability was the highest when the interval 6 of the segment electrodes was 10-25 micrometers.

다음은 본 실시예의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 각 위치에 따른 전계의 크기를 비교하기로 한다. 제5A도는 종래의 액정 표시 소자의 공통 전극과 세그먼트 전극의 교차 부위를 확대한 발췌도이다. 제5B도는 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 소자의 공통 전극과 세그먼트 전극의 교차 부위를 확대한 발췌도이다. 제5C도는 본 실시예와 종래의 액정 표시 소자에 대한 전계의 크기를 비교한 도면이다. 여기서 제5B도의 (13)은 바람직한 공통 전극 연결부의 폭, 30∼40 ㎛를 나타내고, (14)는 바람직한 세그먼트 전극의 간격, 10∼25 ㎛를 나타내고 있다. 또한 제5C도의 (15)는 종래 형태에서의 위치에 따른 전계의 세기를 나타내고, (16)은 본 실시예에서의 위치에 따른 전계의 세기를 나타내고 있다. 여기서 비교된 바와 같이, 세그먼트 전극(1)과 교차되지 않는 공통전극(12)의 연결부의 폭을 줄임으로써, 불필요한 전계의 세기를 줄일 수 있게 된다.Next, to verify the effect of the present embodiment, the magnitude of the electric field according to each position will be compared. FIG. 5A is an enlarged excerpt of an intersection of a common electrode and a segment electrode of a conventional liquid crystal display device. FIG. 5B is an enlarged excerpt of an intersection of a common electrode and a segment electrode of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention. 5C is a diagram comparing the magnitude of the electric field of the present embodiment and the conventional liquid crystal display device. Here, (13) of FIG. 5B has shown the width | variety of a preferable common electrode connection part, 30-40 micrometers, and (14) has shown the space | interval of a preferable segment electrode, 10-25 micrometers. In addition, (15) of FIG. 5C shows the intensity of the electric field according to the position in the conventional form, and (16) shows the intensity of the electric field according to the position in this embodiment. As compared with this, by reducing the width of the connecting portion of the common electrode 12 that does not cross the segment electrode 1, it is possible to reduce the intensity of the unnecessary electric field.

이에 따라 전계의존효과와 공통전극 사이의 전기적 단락(short) 현상을 줄일 수 있게 된다. 전극의 평면적과 전계의 크기를 비례한다고 보았을 때, 공통 전극 사이의 전기적 단락은,Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the electric field dependence effect and the electrical short between the common electrode. Given that the area of the electrodes is proportional to the magnitude of the electric field, the electrical short between the common electrodes

의 비율만큼 줄일 수 있게 된다.It can be reduced by the ratio of.

이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 의한 액정 표시 소자는, 상대적으로 종래의 전계의존효과를 감소시킴에 따라 색순도(color purity)와 해상도( 解像度 ; resolution )를 높일 뿐 아니라, 공통 전극 사이의 전기적 단락 발생율을 줄일 수 있다. 실제로 본 실시예의 실험에 의하여, 공통 전극 사이의 단락 발생율이 0.8 %에서 0.2 %로 줄어진다는 것을 확인하였다.As described above, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention relatively increases the color purity and resolution as well as decreases the electric field dependence effect of the related art, and increases the rate of electrical short circuit between the common electrodes. Can be reduced. In fact, the experiments of this example confirmed that the short circuit occurrence rate between the common electrodes was reduced from 0.8% to 0.2%.

제1도는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시장치의 주사 전극과 신호 전극의 배치 관계를 보인 개략도이다.1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the scan electrodes and the signal electrodes of a simple matrix liquid crystal display.

제2도는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자의 내부 구조를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 정단면도이다.2 is a schematic front sectional view for explaining the internal structure of the simple matrix liquid crystal display device.

제3도는 종래의 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 평면도이다.3 is a schematic plan view for explaining a conventional simple matrix liquid crystal display device.

제4도는 본 발명의 실시예에 의한 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 평면도이다.4 is a schematic plan view for explaining a simple matrix liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

제5A도는 종래의 액정 표시 소자의 공통 전극과 세그먼트 전극의 교차 부의를 확대한 발췌도이다.5A is an enlarged excerpt of an intersection portion of a common electrode and a segment electrode of a conventional liquid crystal display element.

제5B도는 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 소자의 공통 전극과 세그먼트 전극의 교차 부의를 확대한 발췌도이다.5B is an enlarged excerpt of an intersection portion of the common electrode and the segment electrode of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention.

제5C도는 본 실시예와 종래의 액정 표시 소자에 대한 전계의 크기를 비교한 도면이다.5C is a diagram comparing the magnitude of the electric field of the present embodiment and the conventional liquid crystal display device.

* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1...세그먼트 전극,1 ... segment electrode,

2...배향층,2.orientation layer,

3...봉착재,3. Sealing material,

4...스페이서,4 ...

5...공통 전극,5.common electrode,

6...세그먼트 전극의 간격,6. spacing of the segment electrodes,

7...세그먼트 전극의 폭,7.the width of the segment electrode,

8...공통 전극의 폭,8, the width of the common electrode,

9...공통 전극의 간격,9. spacing of common electrode,

10...종래의 공통 전극,10 conventional electrode,

11...공통 전극 연결부의 폭,11.the width of the common electrode connection,

12...본 발명에 따른 공통 전극,12 common electrode according to the invention,

13...바람직한 공통 전극 연결부의 폭,13.width of the common common electrode connection,

14...바람직한 세그먼트 전극의 간격,14 ... the spacing of the desired segment electrode,

15...종래 형태에서의 위치에 따른 전계의 세기,15 ... the strength of the electric field according to its position in the conventional form,

16...본 실시예에서의 위치에 따른 전계의 세기.16. The strength of the electric field according to the position in this embodiment.

Claims (1)

주소(address) 신호를 주는 공통 전극, 데이터 신호를 주는 세그먼트 전극, 아래 위 전극 기판을 지지함으로써 세그먼트를 일정한 간격으로 유지시키는 스페이서(spacer), 전기광학효과(電氣光學效果)를 발생시키는 액정, 그리고 액정 분자가 균일한 배열을 형성함으로써 일정한 방향을 갖도록 하는 배향층( 配向層 : alignment layer )으로 구성되는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자에 있어서, 상기 공통 전극이, 상기 세그먼트 전극과 교차되지 않는 부분의 폭을 교차되는 부분의 폭에 비해 좁게 한, 빗살 형태( Comb type )인 것을 특징으로 하는 단순 행렬형 액정 표시 소자.A common electrode for giving an address signal, a segment electrode for giving a data signal, a spacer for holding segments at regular intervals by supporting a lower electrode substrate, a liquid crystal for generating an electro-optic effect, and In a simple matrix liquid crystal display device comprising an alignment layer in which liquid crystal molecules have a uniform direction by forming a uniform array, a width of a portion where the common electrode does not cross the segment electrode. Simple matrix type liquid crystal display device characterized in that the comb type (comb type), which is narrower than the width of the intersecting portion.
KR1019940034242A 1994-12-14 1994-12-14 Simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect KR100325843B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019940034242A KR100325843B1 (en) 1994-12-14 1994-12-14 Simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019940034242A KR100325843B1 (en) 1994-12-14 1994-12-14 Simple matrix type liquid crystal display with reduced field dependance effect

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KR960024523A KR960024523A (en) 1996-07-20
KR100325843B1 true KR100325843B1 (en) 2002-06-26

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