KR100273913B1 - Apparatus and method of biological wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A sewage and wastewater treatment apparatus by biological reaction and a method thereof are provided, to increase contact efficiency of microorganism with air by generating air bubbles with a membrane and to reduce the capacity of a reaction tank by combining an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aeration tank and a settling tank into a cylindrical treatment tank. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus consists of an aeration tank, an air bubble generator, an anoxic tank, an anaerobic tank, and a settling tank. The method is as follows: i) flowing sewage and wastewater into the aeration tank; ii) generating fine air bubbles; iii) recycling sludge to the anoxic tank and the anaerobic tank; iv) denitrifying sludge-mixed liquid and releasing phosphorous; v) oxidizing organics and nitrogen components and progressing luxury intake of phosphorous; and vi) discharging effluent to a weir.

Description

Apparatus and method of biological wastewater treatment

The present invention relates to a biological treatment apparatus and method for sewage and wastewater, and in particular, the function of the aeration tank, which is an organic oxidation tank by microorganisms, the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and the settling tank that precipitates the microorganisms in a double cylindrical treatment tank. It relates to a sewage and wastewater treatment apparatus and method by a biological reaction to be made.

In general, biological treatment apparatus for sewage and wastewater, which is currently widely used, is provided with aeration tank, which is an organic oxidation tank, and a precipitation tank for precipitating microorganisms grown in the aeration tank to oxidize and remove organic matter. In addition, in addition to the removal of organic matter, the apparatus for removing nitrogen and phosphorus is in the process of removing nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the wastewater by installing the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank separately in the aeration tank. However, since the conventional biological treatment apparatus is installed in a cross-flow type, a lot of land area is required, and since the structures of the aeration tank and the sedimentation basin are constructed of cement, there is a problem in that construction cost is high.

On the other hand, the air supply method to supply to the aeration tank is conventionally equipped with a diffuser (bubble generated by the ceramic, cloth, resin bonded porous plate and tube) at the bottom of the aeration tank so that the size of the air bubbles are generated relatively large Although oxygen is being delivered, this increases the concentration of microorganisms in the aeration tank to a high concentration, and thus, the oxygen consumption rate of the microorganisms is higher than the air supply rate in the conventional oxygen delivery method, resulting in a dissolved oxygen deficiency phenomenon. Therefore, there is a problem in that the concentration of microorganisms does not increase to 4,000 mg / l or more due to the limitation of oxygen transfer rate when treating high concentration organic wastewater.

In addition, since the secondary settling battery is installed separately from the aeration tank, a separate conveying pump is required to transfer the precipitated sludge to the aeration tank. In addition, a scraper is installed to prevent the precipitated sludge from clogging in the conveying sludge pipe, and the mechanical and electrical apparatuses related to the scraper and the conveying pump have a very complicated structure.

On the other hand, the conventional activated sludge method is only for the removal of organic matter, and only the aeration tank, which is an organic oxidation tank, is used, but the Atoo (A ² / O: anaerobic-oxygen-aerobic) method for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in addition to organic matter removal, In addition to the aeration tank, the Bardenpho (Aerobic-Aerobic-Aerobic-Aerobic-Aerobic) process adds an anaerobic denitrification tank for nitrogen removal and an anaerobic tank for phosphorus release. At this time, the denitrification tank has to return the aeration tank sludge liquid to the denitrification tank to remove the nitrate nitrogen generated in the aeration tank.In order to go through this conveying process, an internal circulation pump capable of speeding 2 to 6 times the inflow flow rate is provided. Each reactor, such as an anaerobic tank and a denitrification tank, is equipped with an agitator for even mixing of the sludge mixture. Therefore, when the phosphorus and nitrogen removal process is added in addition to the organic matter removal process, the configuration of the process and the mechanical facilities are more complicated as compared with the conventional activated sludge process.

As described above, the conventional biological treatment apparatus is installed in a cross-flow type, and in addition to the aeration tank, an anoxic condition for removing nitrogen, an anaerobic tank for releasing phosphorus, and a sedimentation basin are separated, respectively, and require a lot of land area. A stirring apparatus, a conveying pump, a scraper, etc. are provided in a reaction tank, and since sludge conveyance to each process is by a pump, a mechanical apparatus is complicated and installation cost is high.

On the other hand, even in the treatment of organic matter, the conventional air supply method has a problem that the oxygen consumption rate of microorganisms is higher than the air supply rate in the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater, which leads to the limitation of oxygen transfer rate and consequently to maintain the high concentration of microorganisms. Doing.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and as an air supply method, instead of a conventional diffuser, a microfiltration membrane (microfiltration, pore size of 0.1 to 100 μm) or an ultrafiltration membrane (ultrafiltration, pore size of 1.5 to 10) is proposed. Using a membrane such as μm) to generate soluble oxygen or ultra-fine bubbles to improve the contact efficiency between microorganisms and air, and consequently to increase the oxygen transfer rate to maintain the concentration of the microorganism at 10,000 mg / l or more. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for treating sewage and wastewater by biological reaction, which are greatly reduced.

In addition, the present invention is to provide aerobic conditions in the compartment space in which air is supplied by double installation of the bioreactor in a circular or square cylinder, anoxic and anaerobic conditions in the compartment space is not supplied air to organic matter in one reactor It is another object to provide a wastewater and wastewater treatment apparatus and method by biological reaction to create a phosphorus and nitrogen removal environment as well as removal.

In addition, the present invention is to configure the bioreactor in a vertical double compartment so that the sludge mixture of the aeration tank can be transferred to the anaerobic tank and anaerobic condition composition tank by the propulsion of the air supplied to the aeration tank for phosphorus release and nitrogen removal in the anaerobic tank. Therefore, another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for treating sewage and wastewater by biological reaction, which makes the treatment facility much simpler than conventional phosphorus and nitrogen reaction facilities.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the wastewater treatment apparatus according to the biological reaction according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: influent 2: aeration tank

3: anaerobic and anaerobic tank 4: settling tank

5: diffuser 6: monthly wear

7: Mixed guide plate 8: Submerged stirring pump

9: first support 11: blower

12: treated water 13: sludge injury prevention network

14: second support 15: lid of the reactor

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the upper, lower portion has an open shape and the aeration tank for the air component to contact the mixed liquid of the activated sludge ; Bubble-providing means mounted on the inner lower side of the aeration tank and forming a bubble while having a conveying driving force of a predetermined size to be transported while contacting the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge mixed liquid introduced therein; An anoxic and anaerobic tank which is covered with a predetermined interval on the outside of the aeration tank and accommodates the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge mixed liquid that flows out of the aeration tank, removes nitrogen by a bioreaction and simultaneously releases phosphorus; A mixing induction plate installed on the inner surface of the anaerobic and anaerobic tank so as to completely mix the inflow water and the sludge mixed liquid which flows over the aeration tank; And an upper portion formed into an open cylindrical shape to support the aeration tank, the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks in a built-in manner, and a sedimentation tank containing the sludge flowing out and settling while circulating the aeration tank, the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks. Provide a processing device.

In addition, the present invention is the first step of the inflow water containing waste water, wastewater is removed by the screen is introduced into the aeration tank; A second step of forming air bubbles by contacting the inflow water with air components ejected through the diffuser mounted on the aeration tank; A third step of overflowing the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge flowing into the aeration tank into the anoxic and anaerobic tank for return; A fourth step of removing nitrogen from the sludge mixture having a high nitrate nitrogen concentration by using the inflow water flowing into the anoxic and anaerobic tank as a carbon source and releasing phosphorus in the sludge; A fifth step of oxidizing unremoved organics and nitrogen components and excessive ingestion of phosphorus by inflowing the sludge and sedimentation sludge outflowed again through the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks into an aeration tank; A sixth step in which the sludge generated in the aeration tank and the influent introduced from the outside are mixed and recycled after the fifth step is performed; And performing a sixth step, the microorganism is separated into solid-liquid separation in the sedimentation basin, and the sludge is precipitated and the treated water is discharged through the overflowware.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying Figure 1 described in detail an embodiment of the present invention.

Apparatus and method for treating sewage water by biological reaction according to the present invention include a mixture of influent (1) and activated sludge containing sewage water from which sewage is removed by a screen (not shown) as shown in FIG. An aeration tank 2 having an inner space for contacting air components is provided. Here, the lower part of the aeration tank (2) is provided with a diffuser (5) for ejecting air to contact the air component to the sludge mixture with the inflow water flowing into the upper portion thereof to form a micro bubble, the diffuser (5) A blower 11 or compressor for providing outside air is provided. At this time, the inflow water and the sludge mixed liquid to be overflowed to the outside of the aeration tank (2) by the driving force of the air ejected through the diffuser (5).

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when wastewater such as manure or livestock is introduced into the aeration tank 2, it is necessary to maintain a high concentration of microorganisms, and in this case, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane instead of the diffuser 5. By using a membrane such as, in addition to using the membrane instead of the diffuser (5) in case the sludge conveying force is insufficient in the structure of the submerged agitation tank (2) is equipped with an underwater stirring pump (8) To provide the thrust required for mixing and conveying sludge.

The outside of the aeration tank (2) is formed to be larger than the diameter by a predetermined diameter, and the inlet water and the high concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the aeration tank sludge mixed with the outside of the aeration tank by the conveying force of the air ejected from the diffuser (5) An anaerobic and anaerobic tank 3 is provided which bioreacts to remove nitrogen and simultaneously release phosphorus. Inside the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) is provided with a large number of mixed induction plate (7) in a zigzag form so that the sludge mixed liquid overflowed from the aeration tank (2) and inflow, the waste water smoothly mixed.

As described above, the aeration tank (2) and the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) is formed of an upright double tube and has an open top and bottom, the aeration tank (2) and the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) is the first support (9) It is supported to maintain the gap by In this embodiment, the double tube is formed in a cylindrical shape, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the double tube may be formed of a polygonal enclosure such as an ellipse, a square, a hexagon, or the like. In addition, the outside of the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) is provided with a settling tank (4) for sedimenting and accommodating the sludge circulating the aeration tank (2), and the anaerobic and anaerobic tank in the interior space of the settling tank (4) at regular intervals There is provided a second support 14 for supporting to be positioned while maintaining.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the aeration tank 2, the anaerobic and anaerobic tank 3, and the lower part of the settling tank 4 have a structure inclined at an inclination of 1/10 to 1/220 inwardly, And the sludge and sedimentation sludge 11 is discharged through the anaerobic tank is to be able to smoothly flow into the aeration tank (2) by the driving force generated by the air supply.

On the other hand, the inner middle portion of the settling tank 4 is provided with a sludge flotation prevention net 13 for preventing the settling sludge from rising due to the specific surface area by nitrogen gas or air bubbles, the upper outer peripheral surface of the settling tank 4 It is equipped with a overflow wear (6) for receiving the treated water flowed through it to discharge to the outside, the top of the sedimentation tank (4) is equipped with a retractable lid (15) to prevent the inflow of rain water. .

Referring to the working state of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

First, when the inflow water 1 from which the contaminants have been removed by the screen is introduced into the aeration tank 2, the inflow water 1 is together with the aeration tank sludge transferred upward by the propulsion force of the air discharged from the diffuser 5. Dispersion flows into the anaerobic and anaerobic tank 3 evenly. As a result, the influent 1 is used as a carbon source for nitrogen removal and phosphorus release in the anaerobic and anaerobic tank 3 before being oxidized in aerobic conditions.

Between the upper and middle portions of the anoxic and anaerobic tank 3, the influent and the aeration tank sludge mixed liquid is completely mixed while striking the mixed guide plate 7 in the zigzag form, and in this state, the oxygen is depleted by the microorganism and becomes anoxic. In addition, a reaction occurs in which the nitrate nitrogen contained in the aeration tank sludge mixture is reduced to nitrogen gas and the organic matter of the influent is used as a carbon source. In the middle and lower portions of the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks (3), anaerobic conditions are formed due to depletion of dissolved oxygen and nitrate nitrogen, which is required for nitrogen removal, and the phosphorus in the cells is released using the organic material of the remaining influent (1) as a carbon source. do. Anaerobic and anaerobic tanks (3) have a residence time of less than about 1 hour on the basis of the flow rate.

Sludge and sedimentation sludge outflow from the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) is introduced into the aeration tank (2) with the driving force generated by the air supply. At this time, the lower bottom and the aeration tank (2), the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) of the settling tank (4) serving as the sedimentation basin is inclined at an inclination of about 1/10 to 1/20 inward so that the settling sludge and the conveying sludge is the aeration tank. The propulsion force by the air supply from (2) can be smoothly moved to the aeration tank (2).

After the above process, in the aeration tank (2), the organic matter oxidation and the nitrogen component contained in the influent are removed in the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3), and the phosphorus contained in the anaerobic tank and the influent are excessively ingested. do. The aeration tank sludge is mixed with the inflow water (1) again by the air supply propulsion force and flows again into the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3), and this circulation path is continuously repeated, and the microorganisms grown by ingesting organic matter intermittently settle the bottom sludge Remove

Here, the hydraulic retention time in the aeration tank 2 is maintained at 4-8 hours, F / M (Food / Micro organism) ratio is maintained at about 0.1kg BOD / kg MLSS · d.

In addition, when the inflow water flowing into the aeration tank 2 is a high concentration organic substance such as manure or livestock waste water, it is necessary to maintain the microbial concentration at a high concentration. In this case, the membrane is used to supply sufficient dissolved oxygen to maintain a high concentration of microorganisms, and when the membrane lacks the sludge conveying propulsion force, the propulsion force necessary for mixing and conveying the sludge is obtained by the underwater stirring pump (8). . On the other hand, when the concentration of the microorganism is 4,000 mg / l or less, a driving force necessary for oxygen supply and sludge conveyance is obtained by using a conventional general diffuser.

The microorganisms passed through the aeration tank (2) and the anaerobic and anaerobic tank (3) are separated into solids and treated water in the settling basin (4) having a residence time of 2 to 3 hours, and sludge is precipitated, and the treated water (12) is moved upwards to settling tank. After being passed through (4), it is discharged (6) through the weir (9).

Then, when compared with the conventional apparatus through the experimental example to which the present invention is applied as follows.

Comparative Example 1

In this experiment, the air inflow rate was fixed at 30 ml / min, and the concentration of microorganisms with a hollow fiber membrane diffuser made of polysulphone with a pore size of 0.2 μm with a normal diffuser (using a ceramic disc diffuser) The dissolved oxygen concentration according to (MLSS) is compared. In the general mountain stone, the microorganism concentration of 6,000 mg / l or more decreased to less than 2.5 mg / l, which is the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration of the aeration tank, but when the microfiltration membrane and the ultrafiltration membrane were used, the membrane acidizer was maintained at 2.5 mg / l or more. It can be seen that the oxygen transfer rate of the device is very high to keep the microorganisms at a high concentration.

Comparison of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration According to Microbial Concentration MLSS concentration (mg / L) 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 General Acid Stone (Dissolved Oxygen ㎎ / ℓ) 5.4 2.5 0.4 0 0 Membrane (dissolved oxygen mg / l) Precision filtration membrane 8.0 5.6 4.5 3.2 3.0 Ultrafiltration membrane 10.0 8.0 7.4 5.3 4.2

Comparative Example 2

In order to compare the organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of the present invention method and the conventional method installed in the cross flow method, it was operated by the standard activated sludge method and Etoo (A ² / O: anaerobic tank-anaerobic tank-aerobic tank) method.

As influent, livestock wastewater with very high concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus was used. The flow rate of each process was 500ℓ / d, and three processes were operated in parallel with the same influent. Table 2 shows the microbial concentration of the standard activated sludge method and Atoo method as the operating conditions of each process. The microorganism concentration was about 4,000 mg / l. In the invention method, a pore size 0.2 µm polysulfone material was used in an acid method. Hollow fiber membrane was used and microbial concentration was maintained at 8,000-10,000 mg / l.

Table 3 shows the average of operating data performed for about 6 months. The A2O method, which has anaerobic and denitrification tanks in addition to the aeration tank rather than the standard activated sludge method, has a superior removal rate of mu, nitrogen and phosphorus, and a higher concentration of microorganisms than the A2O method. The method of the present invention which can be maintained in the organic material and phosphorus, nitrogen removal rate was excellent.

Operating conditions ○ Standard activated sludge method-Aeration tank F / M ratio: 0.1 kg BOD / kg MLSS · d-aeration tank Retention time: 6 hours-MLSS concentration: 4,000 mg / l ○ Etuo method-Anaerobic residence time: 1 hour-Anaerobic bath residence time : 2 hour-aeration tank F / M ratio: 0.1 kg BOD / kg MLSS d-aeration tank residence time: 6 hours-MLSS concentration 4,000 mg / l ○ Development process-anaerobic and anaerobic condition formation tank residence time: 30 minutes-aeration tank F / M ratio: 0.1 kg BOD / kg MLSS- d-aeration bath residence time: 6 hours- MLSS concentration 8,000-10,000 mg / l

Table 3 Comparison of Operation Results of Standard Activated Sludge, ETUO and Invention Process

〈Standard Activated Sludge Process〉

Item COD TKN NO ₃ -N T-P T-N Influent (mg / ℓ) 2,000 540 - 65 540 Effluent (mg / ℓ) 350 120 250 48 370 Removal efficiency (%) 83 78 - 26 31

〈Etuo Method〉 Item COD TKN NO ₃ -N T-P T-N Influent (mg / ℓ) 2,000 540 - 65 540 Effluent (mg / ℓ) 280 80 180 28 260 Removal efficiency (%) 86 85 - 54 52

〈Invention Method〉

Item COD TKN NO ₃ -N T-P T-N Influent (mg / ℓ) 2,000 540 - 65 540 Effluent (mg / ℓ) 30 10 10 3 20 Removal efficiency (%) 98 98 - 95 96

Table 4 SVI, Sludge Phosphorus Comparison of Standard Activated Sludge

Method SVI Aeration tank sludge T-P / VSS (%) Standard Activated Sludge 150 1.5 Etuo 100 5.0 Invention 80 10.8

In addition, Table 4 shows the sludge sedimentation index of each method and the phosphorus content of the aeration tank sludge, the phosphorus content of the aeration tank sludge is the highest in the present method and the sludge settling index is also excellent.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be apparent to those who have knowledge.

As described above, according to the present invention, the phosphorus content in the aeration tank sludge is less than 2% in the method in which only conventional aerobic conditions are set, but in the present invention in which the anaerobic-aerobic condition is repeated, the mineral content in the sludge is high as 6 to 10%. Sludge sedimentation is better than the process, and the rest of the space outside the circular bioreactor can be used as a sedimentation basin because the air supply is blocked and no vortex occurs.

In addition, according to the present invention, instead of a conventional diffuser that generates large bubbles as an air supply device, microbubbles using a membrane such as microfiltration or ultrafiltration that can generate microbubbles can be generated. Because it maximizes the microbial concentration by improving the oxygen transfer rate by, the removal of high concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus contained in sewage and livestock wastewater as well as sewage, wastewater is made in a single reaction tank is more effective than the conventional method.

In addition, since the sludge in the reaction tank is transferred by the propulsion force generated by the air supply, there is no need for a separate sludge conveying pump and related facilities.

Claims (22)

Aeration tank having an upper and lower shape and having an air component in contact with the mixture of activated sludge; Bubble-providing means mounted on the inner lower side of the aeration tank and forming a bubble while having a conveying driving force of a predetermined size to be transported while contacting the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge mixed liquid introduced therein; An anoxic and anaerobic tank which is covered with a predetermined interval on the outside of the aeration tank and accommodates the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge mixed liquid that flows out of the aeration tank, removes nitrogen by a bioreaction and simultaneously releases phosphorus; A mixing induction plate installed on the inner surface of the anaerobic and anaerobic tank so as to completely mix the inflow water and the sludge mixed liquid which flows over the aeration tank; And The upper part is formed in an open cylindrical shape to support the aeration tank, the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks, and to support the sedimentation tank containing the sludge flowing out and settled while circulating the aeration tank, the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks. Ha, wastewater treatment apparatus by a biological reaction comprising a. The method of claim 1, The wastewater treatment apparatus according to the biological reaction having the aeration tank, the anaerobic and anaerobic tank, the lower part of the settling tank inclined inward with a slope of 1/10 to 1/20. The method of claim 1, The wastewater treatment apparatus according to the biological reaction further comprises an underwater agitating pump installed on the inner upper side of the aeration tank to provide a mixing force and a return propulsion force of the sludge. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Apparatus for treating sewage water by a biological reaction in which the bubble providing means is formed of a membrane having a plurality of micropores. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Apparatus for treating sewage water by a biological reaction in which bubble providing means is formed of an diffuser. The method of claim 4, wherein The membrane is a wastewater treatment apparatus by a biological reaction formed of any one of a microfiltration membrane or a filtration membrane. The method of claim 1, Apparatus for treating sewage water by a biological reaction in which the aeration tank and the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks are formed of a double tube having any one of a circular enclosure and a polygonal enclosure having upper and lower portions open. The method of claim 1, And a first support for supporting the space between the aeration tank and the anaerobic and anaerobic tanks. The method of claim 1, And a second support for supporting anoxic and anaerobic tanks in the inner space of the settling tank. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, And a sludge flotation prevention means installed at a predetermined position between the settling tank and the anaerobic and anaerobic tank to prevent sludge from rising during discharge of the treated water. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The wastewater treatment apparatus according to the biological reaction further comprises a monthly wear is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the sedimentation tank to receive the treated water that is overflowed and discharged to the outside. The method of claim 1, It is mounted on top of the settling tank wastewater treatment apparatus by biological reaction further comprising a lid for preventing the inflow of rain water. A first step in which inflow water including wastewater and wastewater from which impurities are removed by a screen is introduced into an aeration tank; A second step of forming fine bubbles by contacting the inflow water with air components ejected through the bubble providing means mounted at the bottom of the aeration tank; A third step of overflowing the inflow water and the aeration tank sludge flowing into the aeration tank into the anoxic and anaerobic tank for return; A fourth step of removing nitrogen from the influent and sludge mixture flowing into the anoxic and anaerobic tank and releasing phosphorus; A fifth step of oxidizing the sludge and the sedimentation sludge outflowed through the anoxic and anaerobic tank to the aeration tank again to oxidize unremoved organics and nitrogen components and to ingest excessive phosphorus; A sixth step of allowing the sludge generated in the aeration tank and the influent introduced from the outside to be recycled after performing the fifth step; And After performing the sixth step, the microorganism is separated into solids in the sedimentation basin, the sludge is precipitated and the treated water is discharged through the overflowware. Waste water treatment method by biological reaction comprising a. The method of claim 13, The bubble providing means of the second step When the microorganism concentration (MLSS) is less than 4,000 mg / l, the general diffuser is used, and when the microorganism concentration (MLSS) is more than 4,000 mg / l, the process using a microporous membrane such as a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane is used. Wastewater treatment method by biological reaction comprising. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The third step is A method for treating sewage and wastewater by biological reaction, which includes a step of overflowing the organic matter of the influent flowing into the aeration tank into an anaerobic and anaerobic tank before being oxidized in aerobic conditions. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The third step is Waste water and wastewater treatment method by a biological reaction comprising the step of returning the influent and sludge mixture to the anaerobic and anaerobic tank by the return propulsion force of the micro-bubbles ejected from the bubble providing means. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The third step is The method of treating sewage and wastewater by a biological reaction, including a step of returning the inflow water and sludge mixture to an anaerobic and anaerobic tank by operating an agitating pump in water when the return force of the fine bubbles is insufficient. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The fourth step is Biological process comprising the process of releasing the phosphorus in the cell by reducing the nitrate nitrogen to the nitrogen gas in the upper part of the anoxic and anaerobic tank, and forming the anaerobic conditions in the lower part to remove the nitrogen and organic matter of the remaining influent as a carbon source Wastewater treatment method by reaction. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The fourth step is A method for treating sewage and wastewater by a biological reaction including a process of completely mixing influent and aeration tank sludge by a mixed induction plate zigzag-mounted in an anaerobic and anaerobic tank. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The fourth step is A method for treating sewage and wastewater by a biological reaction comprising anoxic and anaerobic tanks allowing the residence time to be within 1 hour based on the flow rate. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The fifth step is Wastewater and wastewater treatment method by a biological reaction including the sludge is introduced back into the aeration tank by the return propulsion force generated by the air supply. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The fifth step is Wastewater treatment method by a biological reaction comprising maintaining a hydraulic retention time of 4 to 8 hours in the aeration tank, maintaining a F / M ratio of 0.1 kg BOD / kg MLSS.d.