JPWO2020137574A1 - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a liquid crystal display element having excellent liquid crystal orientation, orientation stability, high voltage retention and stability of voltage retention. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes two substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the two substrates, and the liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules and a polymer of a polymerizable monoma, and the liquid crystal. The residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the layer is 200 ppm or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer is 10 ppm or more. Further, the polymerizable monoma preferably contains a polymerizable monoma A having an adsorbing group.

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element.

Conventionally, in a VA liquid crystal display, a polyimide (PI) film that functions as an alignment film is provided on an electrode in order to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and to realize horizontal alignment of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied. It is provided. However, since the formation of a PI film requires a great deal of cost, in recent years, a method for realizing the orientation of liquid crystal molecules while omitting the PI film has been studied (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
In Patent Document 1, the voltage retention rate (VHR) and ion density are described in the liquid crystal layer containing a polymer of a liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) and a polymerizable compound (polymerizable monoma) by reducing the amount of residual monoma. It is disclosed to improve (ID).

International Publication No. 2016/143601

However, according to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that the effect of improving the voltage retention rate is still insufficient with the amount of residual monoma described in the examples of Patent Document 1, and there is room for further improvement. did.
The present invention has been made from this point of view, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element excellent in liquid crystal orientation, orientation stability, high voltage retention, and stability of voltage retention.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention of the following (1) to (12).
(1) Two boards and
A liquid crystal layer provided between the two substrates is provided.
The liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules and a polymer of polymerizable monomas.
A liquid crystal display element characterized in that the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer is 200 ppm or less.
(2) The liquid crystal display device according to (1) above, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer is 10 ppm or more.
(3) The liquid crystal display device according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the polymerizable monoma contains a polymerizable monoma A having an adsorbing group.
(4) The liquid crystal display device according to (3) above, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma A in the liquid crystal layer is 100 ppm or less.
(5) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the polymerizable monoma contains a polymerizable monoma B having no adsorbent group.
(6) The liquid crystal display device according to (5) above, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma B in the liquid crystal layer is 100 ppm or less.

(7) The polymerizable monoma B is the liquid crystal display element according to the above (5) or (6) represented by the following general formula (P).

（式（Ｐ）中、Ｒ^ｐ１は、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数１〜１５のアルキル基又は−Ｓｐ^ｐ２−Ｐ^ｐ２を表し［前記アルキル基中に存在する１個又は隣接しない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されてもよく、前記アルキル基中に存在する１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立して、シアノ基、フッ素原子又は塩素原子で置換されてもよい。］、
Ｐ^ｐ１及びＰ^ｐ２は、それぞれ独立して、下記一般式（Ｐ^ｐ１−１）〜式（Ｐ^ｐ１−９）のいずれかを表し、

(In the formula (P), R ^p1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 [one or adjacent to the alkyl group. Two or more −CH _2−s that do not may be independently substituted with −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−. One or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom],.
P ^p1 and P ^p2 independently represent one of the following general formulas (P ^p1-1 ) to (P ^p1-9 ).

［式中、Ｒ^ｐ１１及びＲ^ｐ１２は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素原子数１〜５のアルキル基又は炭素原子数１〜５のハロゲン化アルキル基を表し、Ｗ^ｐ１１は、単結合、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−又は−ＣＨ_２−を表し、ｔ^ｐ１１は、０、１又は２を表すが、分子内にＲ^ｐ１１、Ｒ^ｐ１２、Ｗ^ｐ１１及び／又はｔ^ｐ１１が複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なってもよく、＊は、結合手を表す。］
Ｓｐ^ｐ１及びＳｐ^ｐ２は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又はスペーサ基を表し、
Ｚ^ｐ１及びＺ^ｐ２は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−ＣＨ_２−、−ＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−Ｃ_２Ｈ_４−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−、−ＯＣＯＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２ＯＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−ＮＲ^ＺＰ１−、−ＮＲ^ＺＰ１−ＣＯ−、−ＳＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２Ｓ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＲ^ＺＰ１−ＣＯＯ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＲ^ＺＰ１−ＯＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−、−ＯＣＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＯＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−ＯＣＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−ＣＲ^ＺＰ１＝ＣＨ−ＯＣＯ−、−（ＣＨ_２）_ｚ−ＣＯＯ−、−（ＣＨ_２）_２−ＯＣＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−（ＣＨ_２）_２−、−（Ｃ＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_２−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＦ＝ＣＦ−、−ＣＦ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＦ−、−ＣＦ_２−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＦ_２ＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２ＣＦ_２−、−ＣＦ_２ＣＦ_２−又は−Ｃ≡Ｃ−を表し［式中、Ｒ^ＺＰ１は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素原子数１〜４のアルキル基を表すが、分子内にＲ^ＺＰ１が複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なってもよい。］、
Ａ^ｐ１、Ａ^ｐ２及びＡ^ｐ３は、それぞれ独立して、
（ａ^ｐ） １，４−シクロヘキシレン基［この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ_２−又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、−Ｏ−で置換されてもよい。］
（ｂ^ｐ） １，４−フェニレン基［この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は、−Ｎ＝で置換されてもよい。］及び
（ｃ^ｐ） ナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基、ナフタレン−１，４−ジイル基、ナフタレン−１，５−ジイル基、１，２，３，４−テトラヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基、デカヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基、フェナントレン−２，７−ジイル基又はアントラセン−２，６−ジイル基［これらの基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は、−Ｎ＝で置換されてもよい。］
からなる群より選ばれる基［前記基（ａ^ｐ）、基（ｂ^ｐ）及び基（ｃ^ｐ）は、それぞれ独立して、この基中に存在する水素原子が、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数１〜８のアルキル基又は炭素原子数１〜８のアルケニル基、シアノ基又は−Ｓｐ^ｐ２−Ｐ^ｐ２で置換されてもよい。］を表し、
ｍ^ｐ１は、０、１、２又は３を表し、
分子内にＺ^ｐ１、Ａ^ｐ２、Ｓｐ^ｐ２及び／又はＰ^ｐ２が複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なってもよいが、Ａ^ｐ３は、ｍ^ｐ１が０で、Ａ^ｐ１が前記基（ｃ^ｐ）である場合、単結合を表す。）

[In the formula, R ^p11 and R ^p12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and W ^p11 is a single bond. -O -, - COO -, - OCO- or -CH ₂ - ^{represents, t pi 1} may represent 0, 1, or ^{2, R p11, R p12,} W p11 and / or ^{t pi 1} in the molecule is more If present, they may be the same or different, with * representing a bond. ]
Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 independently represent a single bond or a spacer group, respectively.
Z ^p1 and ^{Z p2} are each independently a single _{bond, -O -, - S -,} - CH 2 -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - CO -, - C 2 H 4 -, _{-COO -, - OCO -, -} OCOOCH 2 -, - CH 2 OCOO -, - OCH 2 CH 2 O -, - CO-NR ZP1 -, - NR ZP1 -CO -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S ^{-, - CH = CR ZP1 -COO} -, - CH = CR ZP1 -OCO -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - ^{COO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO} -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO -, - (CH 2) z -COO -, - (CH 2) 2 -OCO -, -OCO- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -,-(C = O) -O- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF -, -CF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF ₂ -or -C ≡ C- [in the formula, Each R ^ZP1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but when a plurality of R ^ZP1s are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different. ],
A ^p1 , A ^p2 and A ^p3 are independent of each other.
^(A p) 1,4-cyclohexylene group [this present in group one -CH ₂ - or nonadjacent two or more -CH ₂ - may be replaced by -O-. ]
^(B p) 1,4-phenylene group [this one which is present in the group -CH = or non-adjacent two or more -CH = may be replaced by -N =. ] And ^(c p) naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, naphthalene-1,5-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group , Decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group or anthracene-2,6-diyl group [one -CH = or two non-adjacent groups present in these groups The above −CH = may be replaced with −N =. ]
Group [wherein the group selected from the group consisting of (a ^p), group (b ^p) and group (c ^p) are each independently hydrogen atoms present in this group, a halogen atom, carbon atom 1 It may be substituted with an alkyl group of ~ 8 or an alkenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyano group or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 . ],
m ^p1 represents 0, 1, 2 or 3
When a plurality of Z ^p1 , A ^p2 , Sp ^p2 and / or P ^p2 are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different, but in A ^p3 , m ^p1 is 0 and A ^p1 is the group. If it is ^{(c p),} it represents a single bond. )

(8) The polymerizable monoma is any one of the above (1) to (7) having a polymerizable group selected from the group represented by the following general formulas (AP-1) to (AP-9). The liquid crystal display element described in 1.

（式中、Ｒ^ＡＰ１及びＲ^ＡＰ２は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素原子数１〜５のアルキル基又は炭素原子数１〜１０のハロゲン化アルキル基を表し［該アルキル基中の１個又は２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、−Ｏ−又は−ＣＯ−で置換されてもよく、前記アルキル基中の１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子又は水酸基で置換されてもよい。］、
Ｗ^ＡＰ１は、単結合、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−又は−ＣＨ_２−を表し、
ｔ^ＡＰ１は、０、１又は２を表し、
＊は、結合手を表す。）

(In the formula, R ^AP1 and R ^AP2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms [one of the alkyl groups]. or two or more -CH 2 _- may be replaced by -O- or -CO-, 1 or 2 or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group May be replaced with],
W ^AP1 represents a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -CH _2-
t ^AP1 represents 0, 1 or 2
* Represents a bond. )

(9) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the liquid crystal molecule has a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε).
(10) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of (1) to (9) above, which is for driving an active matrix.
(11) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of (1) to (10) above, which is a PSA type, PSVA type, VA type, IPS type, FFS type or ECB type.
(12) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of (1) to (11) above, wherein at least one of the two substrates does not have an alignment film.

According to the present invention, by optimizing the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element having excellent characteristics (particularly voltage retention).

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display element. It is an enlarged plan view of the area surrounded by line I in FIG.

Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described in detail based on a preferred embodiment.
(Liquid crystal composition)
The liquid crystal composition used in the present invention is used to form a liquid crystal layer contained in a liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal composition of the present embodiment contains liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε) and an orientation aid (polymerizable monoma A) having a function of spontaneously orienting the liquid crystal molecules. There is.
((Orientation aid))
The alignment aid includes a member (electrode (for example, ITO), a substrate (for example, a glass substrate, an acrylic substrate, a transparent substrate, a flexible substrate, etc.)) and a resin layer (for example, a color filter) that come into direct contact with the liquid crystal layer containing the liquid crystal composition. , Alignment film, overcoat layer, etc.), insulating film (for example, inorganic material film, SiNx, etc.)), and has a function of inducing a homeotropic arrangement of liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal layer.

The orientation aid induces the orientation of the polymerizable group for polymerization, the mesogen group similar to the liquid crystal molecule, the adsorbent group (polar group) capable of interacting with the member that directly contacts the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal molecule. It preferably has an orientation-inducing group.
It is preferable that the adsorbent group and the orientation-inducing group are bonded to the mesogen group, and the polymerizable group is substituted directly with the mesogen group, the adsorbent group and the orientation-inducing group, or optionally via a spacer group. In particular, it is preferable that the polymerizable group is substituted with a mesogen group in a state of being incorporated in the adsorbing group.
Hereinafter, * at the left end and * at the right end in the chemical formula represent a bond.

"Orientation inducer"
The orientation-inducing group has a function of inducing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule, and is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (AK).

式中、Ｒ^ＡＫ１は、直鎖状若しくは分岐状の炭素原子数１〜２０のアルキル基を表す。ただし、アルキル基中の１個又は隣接しない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されてもよく、アルキル基中の１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲノ基で置換されてもよい。

In the formula, ^RAK1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. However, one or two or more -CH ₂ −s that are not adjacent to each other in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or. It may be substituted with —OCO−, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with a halogeno group.

R ^AK1 preferably represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and is linear. It is more preferable to represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
In addition, one or two or more −CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are independent of each other so that the oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−,. It may be substituted with −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−.
Further, the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, or may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
From the viewpoint of imparting so-called amphipathicity to the orientation aid, the orientation inducer is preferably bonded to the opposite side of the adsorption group of the mesogen group.

"Polymerizable group"
The polymerizable group is represented by P ^AP1 -and is preferably attached to a mesogen group via Sp ^AP1- (single bond or spacer group).
P ^AP1 is preferably a group selected from the group represented by the following general formulas (AP-1) to (AP-9).

In the formula, R ^AP1 and R ^AP2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. However, one or more -CH 2 in the alkyl group _- may have an oxygen atom is substituted with a -O- or -CO- not directly adjacent, one in the alkyl group or two The above hydrogen atoms may be independently substituted with halogen atoms or hydroxyl groups.
W ^AP1 represents a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -CH _2- .
t ^AP1 represents 0, 1 or 2.

P ^AP1 is preferably a group represented by the following general formulas (AP-1) to (AP-7), and is represented by the following general formula (AP-1) or general formula (AP-2). It is more preferably a group, and further preferably the general formula (AP-1).
Sp ^AP1 preferably represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a linear or linear alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is preferable to represent a single bond or a linear alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
Further, in Sp ^AP1 , one or two or more −CH ₂ ^−s in the alkylene group are independent of each other so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, −CH = CH−, −C≡C−,. It may be substituted with −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−.

In the orientation aids, P ^{AP1 -Sp} AP1 ^- number of, preferably one or more five or less, more preferably 1 or more is four or less, be two or more and four or less More preferably, it is particularly preferably two or three, and most preferably two.
P ^AP1 -Sp ^AP1 - hydrogen atoms in the polymerizable group, may be substituted with an adsorptive group and / or the orientation induced group described below.
P ^AP1 -Sp ^AP1 - is a polymerizable group, mesogen group may be bonded to an adsorptive group and / or the orientation induced group described below.
Further, P ^AP1- Sp ^AP1- preferably binds to a mesogen group, an adsorbent group described later or the orientation-inducing group, and more preferably to a mesogen group or an adsorbent group described later.
When a plurality of P ^AP1 and / or Sp ^AP1 − are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different from each other.

"Mesogen group"
The mesogen group refers to a group having a rigid portion, for example, a group having one or more cyclic groups, preferably a group having 2 to 4 cyclic groups, and 3 to 4 cyclic groups. The group is more preferable. If necessary, the cyclic group may be linked by a linking group. The mesogen group preferably has a skeleton similar to that of the liquid crystal molecule (liquid crystal compound) used in the liquid crystal layer.
In the present specification, the "cyclic group" refers to an atomic group in which constituent atoms are cyclically bonded, and has a carbocyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure, a monocyclic or bicyclic structure, and the like. Includes polycyclic structure, aromatic, non-aromatic, etc.
Further, the cyclic group may contain at least one heteroatom, and may be further substituted with at least one substituent (halogeno group, polymerizable group, organic group (alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, etc.)). Good. When the cyclic group is monocyclic, the mesogen group preferably contains two or more monocyclic rings.

The mesogen group is preferably represented by, for example, the general formula (AL).

式中、Ｚ^ＡＬ１は、単結合、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＦ＝ＣＦ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−、−ＯＣＯＯ−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ_２−ＣＨ_２ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯＣＨ_２−ＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ＝Ｃ（ＣＨ_３）ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯＣ（ＣＨ_３）＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ_２−ＣＨ（ＣＨ_３）ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯＣＨ（ＣＨ_３）−ＣＨ_２−、−ＯＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２Ｏ−又は炭素原子数１〜２０のアルキレン基を表す。ただし、アルキレン基中の１個又は隣接しない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、酸素原子が直接隣接しないように−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されてもよい。

^{Wherein, Z AL1} is a single bond, -CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - C≡C -, - COO -, - OCO -, - OCOO -, - CF 2 O -, - OCF 2 - , -CH = CHCOO-, -OCOCH = CH-, -CH _2- CH ₂ COO-, -OCOCH _2- CH _2- , -CH = C (CH ₃ ) COO-, -OCOC (CH ₃ ) = CH- , -CH _2- CH (CH ₃ ) COO-, -OCOCH (CH ₃ ) -CH _2- , -OCH ₂ CH ₂ O- or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. However, one or two or more -CH ₂ −s in the alkylene group may be substituted with -O-, -COO- or -OCO- so that the oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other.

A ^AL1 and A ^AL2 each independently represent a divalent cyclic group.
One or more hydrogen atoms in Z ^{AL1, A AL1} and ^{A AL2} are each independently halogeno group, adsorptive ^group, P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with or a monovalent organic group ,
When a plurality of Z ^AL1 and A ^AL1 are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different from each other.
m ^AL1 represents an integer of 1-5.
In the general formula (AL), Z ^AL1 is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and is a single bond. , − (CH ₂ ) ₂ − or − (CH ₂ ) ₄ − is more preferable. One or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the alkylene group may be substituted with −O−, −COO− or −OCO−.
Further, when the purpose is to improve the linearity of the rod-shaped molecule, Z ^AL1 has a single bond in which the ring and the ring are directly connected, or an even number of atoms directly connecting the ring and the ring. The form is preferable. For example, in the case of −CH ₂ −CH ₂ COO−, the number of atoms directly connecting the rings is four.

In the general formula (AL), A ^AL1 and A ^AL2 each independently represent a divalent cyclic group. As the divalent cyclic group, 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2, 5-diyl group, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, thiophene-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-bicyclo (2.2.2) octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group , Pyridin-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group, pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, thiophene-2,5-diyl group-, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2 , 6-Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, 1,2,3,4,4a, 9,10a- Octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, 1,4-naphthylene group, benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl group, benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b'] diselenophen-2,6-diyl group, [1] benzothieno [3,2-b] thiophene-2,7-diyl group, [1] benzoselenopheno [3,2-b] serenophen It is preferably one selected from the group consisting of -2,7-diyl group and fluorene-2,7-diyl group, preferably 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 2,6--. A naphthylene group or a phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group is more preferable, and a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group is even more preferable.
In addition, these groups may be substituted or substituted with a substituent. The substituent is preferably a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Further, the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxyl group.
Also, one or more hydrogen atoms in the cyclic group, a halogeno group, an adsorption group, P ^{AP1 -Sp} AP1 ^- or which may be substituted with a monovalent organic group.

In the general formula (AL), a monovalent organic group is a group having a chemical structure formed by the organic compound in the form of a monovalent group, and one hydrogen atom is removed from the organic compound. Atomic group.
Examples of the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and an alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. It is more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. It is particularly preferably an alkoxy group, and most preferably an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 carbon atom.
Further, one or two or more -CH ₂ −s in the above alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group and alkenyloxy group may be substituted with —O−, −COO− or −OCO−. Furthermore, the monovalent organic group may have a role as the orientation-inducing group described above.
In the above general formula (AL), m ^AL1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and even more preferably 2 or 3.

Preferred forms of the mesogen group include the following formulas (me-1) to (me-44).

The general formula (AL) is a structure in which two hydrogen atoms are eliminated from these compounds.
In these formulas (me-1) to (me-44), one or more hydrogen atoms in the cyclohexane ring, the benzene ring or the naphthalene ring are independently a halogeno group and a P ^AP1- Sp ^AP1. -It may be substituted with a monovalent organic group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms), an adsorbing group or an orientation inducing group.
Among the above-mentioned mesogen groups, preferred forms are formulas (me-8) to (me-44), and more preferable forms are formulas (me-8) to (me-10) and formulas (me-12) to. (Me-18), formulas (me-22) to (me-24), formulas (me-26) to (me-27) and formulas (me-29) to (me-44), which are more preferable forms. Is the formula (me-12), (me-14), (me-16), (me-22) to (me-24), (me-29), (me-34), (me-36). ~ (Me-37), (me-42) ~ (me-44).

Among the above-mentioned mesogen groups, a particularly preferable form is the following general formula (AL-1) or (AL-2), and the most preferable form is the following general formula (AL-1).

In the formula, X ^{AL101 to} X ^AL118 and X ^{AL201 to} X ^AL214 independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogeno group, and ^PAPl −. Sp ^APl − represents an adsorbent group described later or the orientation-inducing group.
Ring ^{A AL11,} Ring ^{A AL12} and ring ^{A AL21} each independently represent a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring.
Any one or more of X ^{AL101 to} X ^AL118 and X ^{AL201 to} X ^AL214 are substituted with adsorbent groups described later.
Any one or more of X ^{AL101 to} X ^AL118 and X ^{AL201 to} X ^AL214 are substituted with the orientation-inducing group.
Adsorptive group and the orientation induced group will be described ^later, P ^{AP1 -Sp} AP1 - may be substituted with.
The general formula (AL-1) or the general formula (AL-2) has one or more P ^AP1- Sp ^APl- in its molecule.

In the general formula (AL-1), X ^AL101 is preferably the orientation-inducing group.
In formula ^{(AL-1), X AL109} , preferably at least one of ^{X AL110} and ^{X AL111} an adsorptive group to be described ^later, is possible or ^{X AL110 X AL109} and ^{X AL110} are both described below adsorption group described later It is more preferable that the adsorbing group is an adsorbing group, and it is further preferable that ^XAL110 is an adsorbing group described later.
Is preferably an adsorptive group having or structure in the polymerizable site - in the general formula ^(AL-1), at least one of ^{X AL109,} X ^AL110 and ^{X AL111 P AP1 -Sp} AP1 of the adsorptive group described below , both or one of ^{X AL109} and ^{X AL111} is ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - is more preferable.
In the general formula (AL-1), one or two of X ^{AL104 to} X ^AL108 and X ^{AL112 to} X ^AL116 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it is preferably a halogeno group, and more preferably an alkyl group or a fluorine atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In particular, it is preferable that X ^AL105 , X ^AL106 or X ^AL107 are independently alkyl groups or fluorine atoms having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

In the general formula (AL-2), X ^AL201 is preferably the orientation-inducing group.
In formula ^{(AL-2), X AL207} , preferably at least one of ^{X AL208} and ^{X AL209} an adsorptive group to be described ^later, is possible or ^{X AL208 X AL207} and ^{X AL208} are both described below adsorption group described later It is more preferable that the adsorbing group is an adsorbing group, and it is further preferable that X ^AL208 is an adsorbing group described later.
Is preferably an adsorptive group having or structure in the polymerizable site - in the general formula ^(AL-2), at least one of ^{X AL207,} X ^AL208 and ^{X AL209 P AP1 -Sp} AP1 of the adsorptive group described below , both or one of ^{X AL207} and ^{X AL209} is ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - is more preferable.
In the general formula (AL-2), one or two of X ^{AL202 to} X ^AL206 and X ^{AL210 to} X ^AL214 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it is preferably a halogeno group, and more preferably an alkyl group or a fluorine atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In particular, it is preferable that X ^AL204 , X ^AL205 or X ^AL206 are independently alkyl groups or fluorine atoms having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

"Adsorption group"
The adsorbent group is a group having a role of adsorbing with an adsorption medium, which is a layer that comes into contact with a liquid crystal composition such as a substrate, a film, and an electrode.
Adsorption is generally classified into chemical adsorption that forms a chemical bond (covalent bond, ionic bond or metal bond) and adsorbs between the adsorption medium and the adsorbent, and physical adsorption other than chemical adsorption. In the present specification, the adsorption may be either chemical adsorption or physical adsorption, but physical adsorption is preferable. Therefore, the adsorption group is preferably a group that can physically adsorb to the adsorption medium, and more preferably a group that can bind to the adsorption medium by intermolecular force.
Examples of the form of binding to the adsorption medium by intermolecular force include a form of interaction such as permanent dipole, permanent quadrupole, dispersion force, charge transfer force or hydrogen bond.
A preferred form of the adsorbent group is a form capable of binding to an adsorption medium by hydrogen bonding. In this case, the adsorbent group may play the role of either a donor or an acceptor of a proton intervening a hydrogen bond, or may play a role of both.

The adsorbing group is preferably a group containing a polar element having an atomic group in which a carbon atom and a hetero atom are linked (hereinafter, "adsorbing group" is also referred to as "polar group"). In the present specification, the polar element means an atomic group in which a carbon atom and a hetero atom are directly linked.
The heteroatom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, P, B and Si, and at least one selected from the group consisting of N, O and S. Is more preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of N and O is further preferable, and O is particularly preferable.
Further, in the orientation aid, the valence of the polar elements is not particularly limited, such as monovalent, divalent, trivalent, and the number of polar elements in the adsorbent is not particularly limited.
The orientation aid preferably has 1 to 8 adsorbent groups in one molecule, more preferably 1 to 4 adsorbent groups, and even more preferably 1 to 3 adsorbent groups.
Incidentally, the adsorption group, excluding a polymerizable group and orientation induced group, a hydrogen atom is ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} in adsorptive group - substituted with structural and ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - hydrogen atoms in the -OH The structure substituted with is included in the adsorbent group.

The adsorbent group contains one or more polar elements, and is roughly classified into a cyclic group type and a chain type group type.
A cyclic base type is a form including a cyclic group having a cyclic structure containing a polar element in its structure, and a chain type base type is a cyclic group having a cyclic structure containing a polar element in its structure. It is a form that does not include.
The chain type is a form having a polar element in a linear or branched chain group, and may have a cyclic structure which does not contain a polar element in a part thereof.
The cyclic group-type adsorbent group means a form having a structure containing at least one polar element in a cyclic atomic arrangement.
In the present specification, the cyclic group is as described above. Therefore, the cyclic group-type adsorbent group may include only a cyclic group containing a polar element, and the adsorbent group as a whole may be branched or linear.
On the other hand, the chain-type adsorbent group is a structure that does not contain a cyclic atomic arrangement containing a polar element in the molecule and contains at least one polar element in a linear atomic arrangement (which may be branched). Means a form having.

In the present specification, the open chain group means an atomic group in which the constituent atoms are linearly (may be branched) bonded without including a cyclic atomic arrangement in the structural formula, and is an acyclic group. Refers to the group. In other words, the chain type group means a linear or branched aliphatic group, and may contain either a saturated bond or an unsaturated bond.
Therefore, the chain type group includes, for example, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group, an ether group, a ketone group and the like. The hydrogen atom in these groups is substituted with at least one substituent (reactive functional group (vinyl group, acrylic group, methacryl group, etc.), chain organic group (alkyl group, cyano group, etc.)). May be good. Further, the chain type group may be either linear or branched.

The cyclic group-type adsorption group may be a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (including a fused ring) or a heterolipocyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (including a fused ring). It is more preferably a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (including a fused ring) or a heterolipocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (including a fused ring), and a 5-membered complex. More preferably, it is an aromatic group, a 5-membered heterolipid ring group, a 6-membered heteroaromatic group or a 6-membered heterolipocyclic group. The hydrogen atom in these ring structures may be substituted with a halogeno group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group.
The chain-type adsorbent group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which a hydrogen atom or −CH ₂ − in the structure is substituted with a polar element. In addition, one or two or more -CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are replaced with -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-. May be done. Further, the chain-type adsorbent group preferably contains one or two or more polar elements at its end.

The hydrogen atom in the adsorbent group may be substituted with a polymerizable group.
Specific examples of the polar element include a polar element containing an oxygen atom (hereinafter, oxygen-containing polar element), a polar element containing a nitrogen atom (hereinafter, nitrogen-containing polar element), and a polar element containing a phosphorus atom (hereinafter, phosphorus-containing polar element). Elements), polar elements containing boron atoms (hereinafter, boron-containing polar elements), polar elements containing silicon atoms (hereinafter, silicon-containing polar elements), or polar elements containing sulfur atoms (hereinafter, sulfur-containing polar elements) can be mentioned. .. From the viewpoint of adsorptive capacity, the polar element is preferably a nitrogen-containing polar element or an oxygen-containing polar element, and more preferably an oxygen-containing polar element.

As the oxygen-containing polar element, at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an alkylol group, an alkoxy group, a formyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, a carbonate group and an ester group, or the group is carbon. It is preferably a group linked to an atom.
As the nitrogen-containing polar element, at least one group selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, a pyridyl group, a carbamoyl group and a ureido group, or the group is carbon. It is preferably a group linked to an atom.
Therefore, as the adsorption group, a cyclic group having an oxygen-containing polar element (hereinafter, oxygen-containing cyclic group), a cyclic group having a nitrogen-containing polar element (hereinafter, nitrogen-containing cyclic group), and an oxygen-containing polar group. One or more selected from the group consisting of a chain group having an element (hereinafter, an oxygen-containing chain group) and a chain group having a nitrogen-containing polar element (hereinafter, a nitrogen-containing chain group). It is preferable to include the group itself or the group.

The oxygen-containing cyclic group preferably contains any of the following groups having an oxygen atom as an ether group in the ring structure.

Further, the oxygen-containing cyclic group preferably contains any of the following groups having an oxygen atom as a carbonyl group, a carbonate group and an ester group in the ring structure.

The nitrogen-containing cyclic group preferably contains any of the following groups.

The oxygen-containing chain type group preferably contains any of the following groups.

In the formula, ^Rat1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Z ^at1 represents a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkenylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. However, -CH _2- in the alkylene group or the alkenylene group may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, -C (= O)-, and -OCO- so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other.
X ^at1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. However, −CH ₂₋ in the alkyl group may be substituted with −O−, −COO−, −C (= O) −, −OCO− so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other.

The nitrogen-containing chain type group preferably contains any of the following groups.

式中、Ｒ^ａｔ、Ｒ^ｂｔ、Ｒ^ｃｔ及びＲ^ｄｔは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素原子数１〜５のアルキル基を表す。

^{Wherein, R at, R bt, R} ct and ^{R dt} are each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

The adsorbing group is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (AT).

式中、Ｓｐ^ＡＴ１は、単結合、炭素原子数１〜２５の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基を表す。ただし、アルキレン基中の水素原子は、−ＯＨ、−ＣＮ、−Ｗ^ＡＴ１−Ｚ^ＡＴ１又はＰ^ＡＰ１−Ｓｐ^ＡＰ１−で置換されてもよく、アルキレン基中の−ＣＨ_２−は、酸素原子が直接結合しないように環式基、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−ＯＣＯ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−又は−ＯＣＯ−ＣＯＯ−で置換されてもよい。
Ｗ^ＡＴ１は、単結合又は下記一般式（ＷＡＴ１）又は（ＷＡＴ２）を表す。
Ｚ^ＡＴ１は、極性要素を含む１価の基を表す。ただし、Ｚ^ＡＴ１中の水素原子は、−ＯＨ、−ＣＮ又はＰ^ＡＰ１−Ｓｐ^ＡＰ１−で置換されてもよい。

In the formula, Sp ^AT1 represents a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkylene ^{group, -OH, -CN, -W AT1 -Z} AT1 or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkylene group - directly oxygen atom It may be substituted with a cyclic group, -O-, -COO-, -C (= O)-, -OCO-, -CH = CH- or -OCO-COO- so as not to bond.
W ^AT1 represents a single bond or the following general formula (WAT1) or (WAT2).
Z ^AT1 represents a monovalent group containing a polar element. ^However, the hydrogen atoms in ^{Z AT1} is, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with.

（式中、Ｓｐ^ＷＡＴ１及びＳｐ^ＷＡＴ２は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、炭素原子数１〜２５の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基を表し、アルキレン基中の水素原子は、−ＯＨ、−ＣＮ又はＰ^ＡＰ１−Ｓｐ^ＡＰ１−で置換されてもよく、アルキレン基中の−ＣＨ_２−は、酸素原子が直接結合しないように環式基、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−ＯＣＯ−又は−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−で置換されてもよい。）

(In the formula, Sp ^WAT1 and Sp ^WAT2 independently represent a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group are -OH and-. CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkylene group -, the cyclic group such that oxygen atoms are not linked directly, -O -, - COO -, - C (= O )-, -OCO- or -CH = CH- may be substituted.)

Sp ^AT1 , Sp ^WAT1 and Sp ^WAT2 each independently preferably represent a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the number of single bond or linear carbon atoms is preferable. It is more preferable to represent 1 to 20 alkylene groups, and further preferably to represent a single bond or linear alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
^Further, in Sp ^{AT1, Sp WAT1} and ^{Sp WAT2,} 1, or two or more -CH ₂ in the alkylene group - are each independently, as the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded, -CH = CH -, - It may be replaced with C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−.
The ^hydrogen atoms in ^{Sp AT1} and ^{Sp WAT1} are each ^{independently,} -W AT1 ^{-Z AT1} or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - it may be substituted with.

Z ^AT1 represents a monovalent group containing a polar element, and is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (ZAT1-1) or (ZAT1-2).

In the formula, Sp ^ZAT11 and Sp ^ZAT12 each independently represent a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkylene ^{group, -OH, -CN, -Z ZAT11 -R} ZAT11 or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkylene group - directly oxygen atom It may be substituted with a cyclic group, −O−, −COO−, −C (= O) −, −OCO− or −CH = CH− so as not to be adjacent.
Z ^ZAT11 represents a group containing a polar element.
The structure represented by the ring containing Z ^ZAT12 in the general formula (ZAT1-2) represents a 5 to 7-membered ring.
A hydrogen atom in Z ^ZAT11 and ^{Z ZAT12} is, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with.
R ^ZAT11 and R ^ZAT12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkyl group -, the cyclic group so as not to bind directly to an oxygen atom , -O-, ^-COO- , -C (= O)-, ^-OCO-, -CH = CH- or -Z ^ZAT11- may be substituted.

The group represented by the general formula (ZAT1-1) is preferably a group represented by the following general formulas (ZAT1-1-1) to (ZAT1-1-30).

Wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with.
Sp ^ZAT11 represents a single bond, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkylene ^{group, -OH, -CN, -Z ZAT11 -R} ZAT11 or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkylene group - directly oxygen atom It may be substituted with a cyclic group, −O−, −COO−, −C (= O) −, −OCO− or −CH = CH− so as not to be adjacent.
R ^ZAT11 represents a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkyl group -, the cyclic group so as not to bind directly to an oxygen atom , -O-, ^-COO- , -C (= O)-, ^-OCO-, -CH = CH- or -Z ^ZAT11- may be substituted.

The group represented by the general formula (ZAT1-2) is preferably a group represented by the following general formulas (ZAT1-2-1) to (ZAT1-2-9).

Wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, a halogen atom, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with.
Sp ^ZAT11 represents a single bond, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, -OH, -CN or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH ₂ in the alkylene group -, the cyclic group so as not to directly adjacent oxygen atom , -O-, ^-COO- , -C (= O)-, ^-OCO-, -CH = CH- or -Z ^ZAT11- may be substituted.

Examples of the group represented by the general formula (ZAT1-1) include the following groups.

^{Wherein, R tc} represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or ^P AP1 ^-Sp carbon atoms 1 to 20 ^AP1 - represents a. However, the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with −OH, −CN or P ^AP1 −Sp ^AP1 −, and −CH ₂ − in the alkyl group is a cyclic group so that the oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to the group. , -O-, ^-COO- , -C (= O)-, ^-OCO-, -CH = CH- or -Z ^ZAT11- may be substituted.
Hydrogen atoms in the ^molecule, P ^{AP1 -Sp} AP1 - may be substituted with.
* Represents a bond.

The orientation aid is preferably in a form in which the polar elements contained in the adsorbent group and the polar elements contained in the polymerizable group are localized. The adsorbent group is an important structure for vertically orienting the liquid crystal molecules, and by adsorbing the adsorbent group and the polymerizable group adjacent to each other, better orientation can be obtained, and good orientation to the liquid crystal composition is obtained. Shows solubility.
Specifically, the orientation aid is preferably in the form of having a polymerizable group and an adsorbing group on the same ring of the mesogen group. Such a form includes a form in which one or more polymerizable groups and one or more adsorbent groups are bonded on the same ring, and at least one or one or more adsorbent groups of one or more polymerizable groups. A form in which one of at least one of the above is bonded to the other and has a polymerizable group and an adsorbing group on the same ring is included.
Further, in this case, the hydrogen atom in the spacer group bonded to the polymerizable group may be substituted with the adsorbent group, and further, the hydrogen atom in the adsorbent group is substituted with the polymerizable group via the spacer group. May be good.

The orientation aid (spontaneous orientation compound) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (SAL).

式中、炭素原子に結合する水素原子は、炭素原子数１〜２５の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基、−ＯＨ、−ＣＮ、−Ｓｐ^ＡＴ１−Ｗ^ＡＴ１−Ｚ^ＡＴ１又はＰ^ＡＰ１−Ｓｐ^ＡＰ１−で置換されてもよい。ただし、アルキル基中の水素原子は、−ＯＨ、−ＣＮ、−Ｓｐ^ＡＴ１−Ｗ^ＡＴ１−Ｚ^ＡＴ１又はＰ^ＡＰ１−Ｓｐ^ＡＰ１−で置換されてもよく、アルキル基中の−ＣＨ_２−は、酸素原子が直接結合しないように環式基、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−ＯＣＯ−又は−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−で置換されてもよい。
Ｒ^ＡＫ１は、一般式（ＡＫ）におけるＲ^ＡＫ１と同じ意味を表す。

In the formula, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, -OH, -CN, -Sp ^AT1- W ^AT1- Z ^AT1 or P ^AP1- Sp ^AP1. It may be replaced with −. However, the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl ^{group, -OH, -CN, -Sp AT1 -W} AT1 -Z AT1 or ^P AP1 ^{-Sp AP1} - may be substituted with, -CH in the alkyl group ₂ -, oxygen It may be substituted with a cyclic group, −O−, −COO−, −C (= O) −, −OCO− or −CH = CH− so that the atoms do not bond directly.
R ^AK1 represents the same meaning as ^{R AK1} in the general formula (AK).

A ^AL1 and A ^AL2 independently represent the same meanings as A ^AL1 and A ^AL2 in the general formula (AL).
Z ^AL1 has the same meaning as ^{Z AL1} in the general formula (AL).
m ^AL1 are the same as defined ^{m AL1} in the general formula (AL).
Sp ^AT1 represents the same meaning as ^{Sp AT1} in formula (AT).
W ^AT1 represents the same meaning as ^{W AT1} in formula (AT).
Z ^AT1 represents the same meaning as ^{Z AT1} in formula (AT).

The compound represented by the general formula (SAL) is preferably a compound represented by the following formulas (SAL-1.1) to (SAL-2.10).

The amount of the orientation aid contained in the liquid crystal composition is preferably about 0.01 to 10% by mass. The more preferable lower limit values are 0.05% by mass and 0.1% by mass from the viewpoint of more preferably oriented the liquid crystal molecules. On the other hand, the more preferable upper limit value is 7% by mass, 5% by mass, 4% by mass, 3% by mass, and 1% by mass from the viewpoint of improving the response characteristics.

((Polymeric compound))
The liquid crystal composition used in the present invention preferably contains a polymerizable compound (polymerizable monoma B) having no adsorbent group (polar group). Such a polymerizable compound has a function of imparting a predetermined pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules. This polymerizable compound is preferably represented by the following general formula (P). The liquid crystal composition may also contain two or more of these polymerizable compounds.

式（Ｐ）中、Ｒ^ｐ１は、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数１〜１５のアルキル基又は−Ｓｐ^ｐ２−Ｐ^ｐ２を表す。ただし、アルキル基中に存在する１個又は隣接しない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されてもよい。また、アルキル基中に存在する１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立して、シアノ基、フッ素原子又は塩素原子で置換されてもよい。

In the formula (P), R ^p1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 . However, one or two or more −CH ₂ − present in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO. -Or -OCO- may be substituted. Further, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

P ^p1 and P ^p2 independently represent any of the following general formulas (P ^p1-1 ) to (P ^p1-9 ).

（式中、Ｒ^ｐ１１及びＲ^ｐ１２は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素原子数１〜５のアルキル基又は炭素原子数１〜５のハロゲン化アルキル基を表し、Ｗ^ｐ１１は、単結合、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−又は−ＣＨ_２−を表し、ｔ^ｐ１１は、０、１又は２を表すが、分子内にＲ^ｐ１１、Ｒ^ｐ１２、Ｗ^ｐ１１及び／又はｔ^ｐ１１が複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なってもよい。）

(In the formula, R ^p11 and R ^p12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and W ^p11 is a single bond. -O -, - COO -, - OCO- or -CH ₂ - ^{represents, t pi 1} may represent 0, 1, or ^{2, R p11, R p12,} W p11 and / or ^{t pi 1} in the molecule is more If present, they may be the same or different.)

Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 independently represent a single bond or a spacer group.
Z ^p1 and ^{Z p2} are each independently a single _{bond, -O -, - S -,} - CH 2 -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - CO -, - C 2 H 4 -, _{-COO -, - OCO -, -} OCOOCH 2 -, - CH 2 OCOO -, - OCH 2 CH 2 O -, - CO-NR ZP1 -, - NR ZP1 -CO -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S ^{-, - CH = CR ZP1 -COO} -, - CH = CR ZP1 -OCO -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - ^{COO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO} -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO -, - (CH 2) 2 -COO -, - (CH 2) 2 -OCO -, -OCO- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -,-(C = O) -O- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF -, -CF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or ^{-C ≡ C-} (in the formula, R ^{ZP 1)} Each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but when a plurality of R ^ZP1s are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different).

A ^p1 , A ^p2 and A ^p3 are independent of each other.
^(A p) 1,4-cyclohexylene group (this is present in the group one -CH ₂ - or nonadjacent two or more -CH ₂ - may be replaced by -O-. )
^(B p) 1,4-phenylene group (the one -CH = or nonadjacent present in group two or more -CH = may be replaced by -N =.) And ( c ^p ) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, naphthalene-1,5-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, decahydro Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group or anthracene-2,6-diyl group (one -CH = or two or more non-adjacent-existing groups present in these groups- CH = may be replaced with −N =.)
Group selected from the group consisting of (said group (a ^p), group (b ^p) and group (c ^p) are each independently hydrogen atoms present in this group, a halogen atom, carbon atom 1 It may be substituted with an alkyl group of ~ 8 or an alkenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyano group or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 ).

m ^p1 represents 0, 1, 2 or 3.
If there are a plurality of Z ^p1 , A ^p2 , Sp ^p2 and / or P ^{p2 in the} molecule, they may be the same or different. ^{However, A p3 is} the ^{m p1} is ^0, when ^{A p1} is the group ^{(c p),} it may be a single bond.
The orientation aid is excluded from the polymerizable compound.

R ^p1 is preferably −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 .
It is preferable that P ^p1 and P ^p2 are independently one of the general formulas (P ^p1-1 ) to (P ^p1 -3), and more preferably (P ^p1-1 ).
It is preferable that R ^p11 and R ^p12 are independently hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, respectively.
t ^p11 is preferably 0 or 1.
W ^{pi 1} is a single bond, -CH ₂ - is preferably - or _-C 2 _{H 4.}
m ^p1 is preferably 0, 1 or 2, and preferably 0 or 1.

Z ^p1 and ^{Z p2} are each independently a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - CO -, - C 2 H 4 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - COOC 2 H 4 _{-, - OCOC 2 H 4 -} , - C 2 H 4 OCO -, - C 2 H 4 COO -, - CH = CH -, - CF 2 -, - CF 2 O -, - (CH 2) 2 -COO -,-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -OCO-, -OCO- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-COO-, -COO-CH = CH-, -OCOCH = CH-, -COO- (CH ₂₎ ) ₂ -, - OCF ₂ - or a is preferably -C≡C-, a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - _{COOC 2 H 4 -, - OCOC} 2 H 4 -, - C 2 H 4 OCO -, - C 2 H 4 COO -, - CH = CH -, - (CH 2) 2 -COO -, - (CH 2) _2- OCO-, -OCO- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-COO-, -COO-CH = CH-, -OCOCH = CH-, -COO- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -or-C≡ It is more preferably C-.

Note that only one of ^{Z p1} and ^{Z p2} present in the molecule is _{-OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O} -, - C 2 H 4 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - COOC 2 H 4 -, _{-OCOC 2 H 4 -, - C} 2 H 4 OCO -, - C 2 H 4 COO -, - CH = CH -, - (CH 2) 2 -COO -, - (CH 2) 2 -OCO -, - OCO- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-COO-, -COO-CH = CH-, -OCOCH = CH-, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _2- or -C≡C-, etc. preferably but are all single bonds, only one of ^{Z p1} and ^{Z p2} present in the _{molecule, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - COO- or -OCO ^-It is more preferable that all the others are single bonds, and it is further preferable that all of Z ^p1 and Z ^p2 existing in the molecule are single bonds.
Also, only one of Z ^p1 and Z ^p2 present in the molecule is -CH = CH-COO-, -COO-CH = CH-,-(CH ₂ ) _2- COO-,-(CH ₂ ) _{2. -OCO -, - O-CO- (} CH 2) 2 -, - COO- (CH 2) 2 - is a linking group selected from the group consisting of, it is preferable others are all single bonds.

Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 each independently represent a single bond or a spacer group, and the spacer group is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. However, -CH _2- in the alkylene group is replaced with -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH- or -C≡C- unless oxygen atoms are directly linked to each other. The hydrogen atom in the alkylene group may be replaced with a halogen atom.
Among them, Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 are preferably linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or single bonds, respectively.
A ^p1 , A ^p2 and A ^p3 are each independently preferably a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and more preferably a 1,4-phenylene group.
The 1,4-phenylene group is preferably substituted with one fluorine atom, one methyl group or one methoxy group in order to improve the compatibility with the liquid crystal molecule (liquid crystal compound).

The amount of the polymerizable compound contained in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by mass, and 0.1 to 5% by mass. It is more preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, further preferably 0.2 to 2% by mass, further preferably 0.2 to 1.3% by mass, and 0. .2 to 1% by mass is particularly preferable, and 0.2 to 0.5% by mass is most preferable.

The preferred lower limit is 0.01% by mass, 0.03% by mass, 0.05% by mass, 0.08% by mass, 0.1% by mass, and 0.15% by mass. %, 0.2% by mass, 0.25% by mass, and 0.3% by mass. On the other hand, the preferable upper limit values are 10% by mass, 8% by mass, 5% by mass, 3% by mass, 1.5% by mass, 1.2% by mass, and 1% by mass. %, 0.8% by mass, and 0.5% by mass.

If the amount of the polymerizable compound is small, the effect of adding the polymerizable compound to the liquid crystal composition is unlikely to appear. There may be problems such as On the other hand, if the amount of the polymerizable compound is too large, for example, depending on the illuminance of ultraviolet rays, the amount of the polymerizable compound remaining after curing increases, the curing takes time, the reliability of the liquid crystal composition decreases, and the like. Problems may occur. Therefore, it is preferable to set the amount of the polymerizable compound in consideration of these balances.

Preferred examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (P) include polymerizable compounds represented by the following formulas (P-1-1) to (P-1-46).

式中、Ｐ^ｐ１１、Ｐ^ｐ１２、Ｓｐ^ｐ１１及びＳｐ^ｐ１２は、一般式（Ｐ）におけるＰ^ｐ１、Ｐ^ｐ２、Ｓｐ^ｐ１及びＳｐ^ｐ２と同じ意味を表す。

In the formula, P ^p11 , P ^p12 , Sp ^p11 and Sp ^p12 have the same meanings as P ^p1 , P ^p2 , Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 in the general formula (P).

Moreover, as a preferable example of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (P), the polymerizable compound represented by the following formulas (P-2-1) to (P-2-12) can also be mentioned.

式中、Ｐ^ｐ２１、Ｐ^ｐ２２、Ｓｐ^ｐ２１及びＳｐ^ｐ２２は、一般式（Ｐ）におけるＰ^ｐ１、Ｐ^ｐ２、Ｓｐ^ｐ１及びＳｐ^ｐ２と同じ意味を表す。

In the formula, P ^p21 , P ^p22 , Sp ^p21 and Sp ^p22 have the same meanings as P ^p1 , P ^p2 , Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 in the general formula (P).

Further, preferred examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (P) include polymerizable compounds represented by the following formulas (P-3-1) to (P-3-15).

式中、Ｐ^ｐ３１、Ｐ^ｐ３２、Ｓｐ^ｐ３１及びＳｐ^ｐ３２は、一般式（Ｐ）におけるＰ^ｐ１、Ｐ^ｐ２、Ｓｐ^ｐ１及びＳｐ^ｐ２と同じ意味を表す。

In the formula, P ^p31 , P ^p32 , Sp ^p31 and Sp ^p32 have the same meanings as P ^p1 , P ^p2 , Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 in the general formula (P).

Moreover, as a preferable example of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (P), the polymerizable compound represented by the following formulas (P-4-1) to (P-4-15) can also be mentioned.

式中、Ｐ^ｐ４１、Ｐ^ｐ４２、Ｓｐ^ｐ４１及びＳｐ^ｐ４２は、一般式（Ｐ）におけるＰ^ｐ１、Ｐ^ｐ２、Ｓｐ^ｐ１及びＳｐ^ｐ２と同じ意味を表す。

In the formula, P ^p41 , P ^p42 , Sp ^p41 and Sp ^p42 have the same meanings as P ^p1 , P ^p2 , Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 in the general formula (P).

((Liquid crystal molecule))
In addition to the above-mentioned polymerizable monomas, the liquid crystal composition in the present invention has the general formulas (N-01), (N-02), (N-03), (N-03) and (N-05) as liquid crystal molecules. ) Is preferably contained in one type or two or more types selected from the compounds represented by). These compounds correspond to compounds having a dielectric negative anisotropy. These compounds have a negative sign of Δε and an absolute value greater than 2. The Δε of the compound is a value extrapolated from the measured value of the dielectric anisotropy of the composition obtained by adding the compound to the composition which is dielectrically substantially neutral at 25 ° C.

In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and 2 to 2 carbon atoms. represents 8 alkenyloxy group, one or non-adjacent two or more -CH ₂ in the group - are each independently, -CH = CH -, - C [identical to] C -, - O -, - It may be replaced by CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and Z ¹ is independently single-bonded, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-. , -OCO-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF- or -C≡C-, and m independently represents 1 or 2, respectively.

R ²¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and further preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. .. However, when Z ¹ represents a bond other than a single bond, R ²¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
R ²² is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

R ²¹ and R ²² can also be alkenyl groups. In this case, R ²¹ and R ²² are independently selected from the groups represented by the following formulas (R1) to (R5) (black dots in each formula represent carbon atoms in the ring structure). The formula (R1) or the formula (R2) is more preferable. However, the content of the compound in which R ²¹ and R ²² are alkenyl groups should be as small as possible, and it is often preferable not to contain them.

Z ¹ is independently single-bonded, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ O-,- It represents CH = CH-, -CF = CF- or -C≡C-, but is preferably single bond, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, and is single bond or-. It is more preferably CH ₂ O−.
When m is 1, Z ¹ is preferably a single bond.
When m is 2, Z ¹ is preferably −CH ₂ CH _2- or −CH ₂ O−.

The fluorine atoms of the compounds represented by the general formulas (N-01), (N-02), (N-03), (N-04) and (N-05) are replaced with chlorine atoms which are the same halogen group. It may have been. However, the content of the compound substituted with the chlorine atom should be as small as possible, and preferably not contained.
The hydrogen atom existing on the ring of the compound represented by the general formulas (N-01), (N-02), (N-03), (N-04) and (N-05) is further a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom. It may be replaced with a chlorine atom. However, the content of the compound substituted with the chlorine atom should be as small as possible, and preferably not contained.
The compounds represented by the general formulas (N-01), (N-02), (N-03), (N-04) and (N-05) have a negative Δε and an absolute value of more than 3. It is preferably a large compound. Specifically, R ²² is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (N-01) include the general formula (N-01-1), the general formula (N-01-2), the general formula (N-01-3) and the general formula (N-01). It is preferable to contain one kind or two or more kinds selected from the compounds represented by -4).

（式中、Ｒ^２１は、上記と同じ意味を表し、Ｒ^２３は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子数１〜４のアルコキシ基を表す。）

(In the formula, R ²¹ has the same meaning as above, and R ²³ independently represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)

The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a polymerizable monoma and a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1) and the general formula (N-01-4).
When high VHR is required, that is, when high reliability is required, in other words, when it is important to obtain a liquid crystal display element 1 having no display defects, the general formula (N-01-3) is used. It is preferable that the compound represented is not contained.

The compound represented by the general formula (N-02) is selected from the compounds represented by the general formula (N-02-1), the general formula (N-02-2) and the general formula (N-02-3). It is preferable to contain one kind or two or more kinds.

（式中、Ｒ^２１は、上記と同じ意味を表し、Ｒ^２３は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子数１〜４のアルコキシ基を表す。）

(In the formula, R ²¹ has the same meaning as above, and R ²³ independently represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)

The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a polymerizable monoma and a compound represented by the general formula (N-02-1).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a polymerizable monoma and a compound represented by the general formula (N-02-3).
The liquid crystal composition is a polymerizable monoma, a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1), a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-4), and a compound represented by the general formula (N-02-1). It is particularly preferable to simultaneously contain the compounds to be used.
The liquid crystal composition is a polymerizable monoma, a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1), a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-4), and a compound represented by the general formula (N-02-3). It is particularly preferable to simultaneously contain the compounds to be used.

As the compound represented by the general formula (N-03), it is preferable to contain one or more compounds represented by the general formula (N-03-1).

（式中、Ｒ^２１は、上記と同じ意味を表し、Ｒ^２３は、炭素原子数１〜４のアルコキシ基を表す。）

(In the formula, R ²¹ has the same meaning as above, and R ²³ has an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)

The liquid crystal composition preferably combines a polymerizable monoma and a compound represented by the general formula (N-03-1).
The liquid crystal composition is a polymerizable monoma, a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1), a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-4), and a compound represented by the general formula (N-03-1). It is particularly preferable to simultaneously contain the compounds to be used.

As the compound represented by the general formula (N-04), it is preferable to contain one or more compounds represented by the general formula (N-04-1).

（式中、Ｒ^２１は、上記と同じ意味を表し、Ｒ^２３は、炭素原子数１〜４のアルコキシ基を表す。）

(In the formula, R ²¹ has the same meaning as above, and R ²³ has an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)

The liquid crystal composition is a polymerizable monoma, a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1), a compound represented by the general formula (N-01-4), and a compound represented by the general formula (N-04-1). It is particularly preferable to simultaneously contain the compounds to be used.

The compound represented by the general formula (N-05) is preferably selected from the compounds represented by the formulas (N-05-1) to (N-05-3).

The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-01) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 1% by mass, 5% by mass, and 10% by mass. %, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, 50% by mass, 55% by mass, 60% by mass, 65% by mass, 70% by mass. Yes, it is 75% by mass, and it is 80% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 95% by mass, 85% by mass, 75% by mass, 65% by mass, 55% by mass, 45% by mass, and 35% by mass. It is 25% by mass, 20% by mass, 15% by mass, and 10% by mass.

The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-02) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 1% by mass, 5% by mass, and 10% by mass. %, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, 50% by mass, 55% by mass, 60% by mass, 65% by mass, 70% by mass. Yes, it is 75% by mass, and it is 80% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 95% by mass, 85% by mass, 75% by mass, 65% by mass, 55% by mass, 45% by mass, and 35% by mass. It is 25% by mass, 20% by mass, 15% by mass, and 10% by mass.

The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-03) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 1% by mass, 5% by mass, and 10% by mass. %, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, 50% by mass, 55% by mass, 60% by mass, 65% by mass, 70% by mass. Yes, it is 75% by mass, and it is 80% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 95% by mass, 85% by mass, 75% by mass, 65% by mass, 55% by mass, 45% by mass, and 35% by mass. It is 25% by mass, 20% by mass, 15% by mass, and 10% by mass.

The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-04) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 1% by mass, 5% by mass, and 10% by mass. %, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, 50% by mass, 55% by mass, 60% by mass, 65% by mass, 70% by mass. Yes, it is 75% by mass, and it is 80% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 95% by mass, 85% by mass, 75% by mass, 65% by mass, 55% by mass, 45% by mass, and 35% by mass. It is 25% by mass, 20% by mass, 15% by mass, and 10% by mass.

The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-05) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 2% by mass, 5% by mass, and 8% by mass. %, 10% by mass, 13% by mass, 15% by mass, 17% by mass, and 20% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 30% by mass, 28% by mass, 25% by mass, 23% by mass, 20% by mass, 18% by mass, and 15% by mass. It is 13% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition contains 0.1 to 15% by mass of the polymerizable monoma, 1 to 20% by mass of the compound represented by the general formula (N-01-1), and contains the general formula (N-01-4). ) Is contained in an amount of 1 to 30% by mass, and the compound represented by the general formula (N-04-1) is particularly preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition may further contain one or more compounds represented by the general formula (N-06).

（式中、Ｒ^２１及びＲ^２２は、上記と同じ意味を表す。）

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² have the same meanings as above.)

The compound represented by the general formula (N-06) is effective when it is desired to adjust various physical properties, but it should be used to obtain a large refractive index anisotropy (Δn), a high _TNI , and a large Δε. Can be done.
The lower limit of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (N-06) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition is 0% by mass, 2% by mass, 5% by mass, and 8% by mass. %, 10% by mass, 13% by mass, 15% by mass, 17% by mass, and 20% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 30% by mass, 28% by mass, 25% by mass, 23% by mass, 20% by mass, 18% by mass, and 15% by mass. It is 13% by mass, 10% by mass, and 5% by mass.
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains one or more selected from the compounds represented by the general formulas (NU-01) to (NU-06).

（式中、Ｒ^ＮＵ１１、Ｒ^ＮＵ１２、Ｒ^ＮＵ２１、Ｒ^ＮＵ２２、Ｒ^ＮＵ３１、Ｒ^ＮＵ３２、Ｒ^ＮＵ４１、Ｒ^ＮＵ４２、Ｒ^ＮＵ５１、Ｒ^ＮＵ５２、Ｒ^ＮＵ６１及びＲ^ＮＵ６２は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子数１〜８のアルキル基、炭素原子数１〜８のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数２〜８のアルケニル基又は炭素原子数２〜８のアルケニルオキシ基を表し、該基中の１個又は非隣接の２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−によって置換されていてもよい。）

(In the formula, R ^NU11 , R ^NU12 , R ^NU21 , R ^NU22 , R ^NU31 , R ^NU32 , R ^NU41 , R ^NU42 , R ^NU51 , R ^NU52 , R ^NU61 and R ^NU62 have 1 carbon atoms, respectively. Represents an alkyl group of ~ 8, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and one or non-adjacent 2 in the group. More than one −CH ₂₋ may be independently substituted by −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−).

More specifically, R ^NU11 , R ^NU12 , R ^NU21 , R ^NU22 , R ^NU31 , R ^NU32 , R ^NU41 , R ^NU42 , R ^NU51 , R ^NU52 , R ^NU61 and R ^NU62 have independent carbon atoms. It is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl having 2 to 3 carbon atoms. More preferably it is a group.
When the response speed is important, at least one of R ^NU11 , R ^NU21 , R ^NU31 , R ^NU41 , R ^NU51 and R ^NU61 is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms. The preferable content of the compound having such an alkenyl group is 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, and 30% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition. , 40% by mass or more, 45% by mass or more, and 50% by mass or more.
When high VHR is emphasized, the preferable content of the compound having an alkenyl group is 40% by mass or less, 35% by mass or less, and 30% by mass or less.

In order to achieve both high speed and high reliability, it is preferable to use only the compound represented by the general formula (NU-01) as the compound having an alkenyl group. In this ^{case, R NU11} is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon ^{atoms, R NU12} is preferably an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2-3.
In order to achieve both high speed and high reliability, it is preferable to use compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) and the general formula (NU-05) as the compound having an alkenyl group. In this ^{case, R NU11} is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon ^{atoms, R NU12} is preferably an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2-3. ^{Also, R NU51} is alkenyl group having a carbon number of ^{2-3, R NU52} is preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 2-3.

In order to achieve both high speed and high reliability, as a compound having an alkenyl group, a compound represented by the general formula (NU-01), the general formula (NU-05) and the general formula (NU-04) is used. It is preferable to use it. In this ^{case, R NU11} is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon ^{atoms, R NU12} is preferably an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2-3. Further, it is preferable that R ^NU51 and R ^NU41 are independently alkenyl groups having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and R ^NU52 and R ^NU42 are independently alkyl groups having 2 to 3 carbon atoms. ..

The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) and the general formula (NU-02).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) and the general formula (NU-03).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-04) and the general formula (NU-05).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-05) and the general formula (NU-06).

The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) and the general formula (NU-05).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) and the general formula (NU-06).
The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a compound represented by a general formula (NU-01), a general formula (NU-05) and a general formula (NU-06).

The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-01) is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 25 to 45% by mass. preferable.
The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-02) is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 25% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 20% by mass. preferable.
The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-03) is preferably 0 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0 to 15% by mass, and further preferably 0 to 10% by mass. preferable.

The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-04) is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 10% by mass. preferable.
The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-05) is preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 20% by mass. preferable.
The content of the compound represented by the general formula (NU-06) is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 10% by mass. preferable.

The liquid crystal composition in the present invention is a compound having a terphenyl structure or a tetraphenyl structure as a liquid crystal molecule and having a dielectric anisotropy Δε greater than +2, that is, one kind of compound having a positive dielectric anisotropy. Two or more types can be contained. The Δε of the compound is a value extrapolated from the measured value of the dielectric anisotropy of the composition obtained by adding the compound to the composition which is dielectrically substantially neutral at 25 ° C.
The compounds are used in combination according to desired performance such as solubility at low temperature, transition temperature, electrical reliability, refractive index anisotropy, etc., and in particular, a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable monoma. It is possible to accelerate the reactivity of the polymerizable monoma in the substance.

For a compound having a terphenyl structure or a tetraphenyl structure and having a dielectric constant anisotropy Δε greater than +2, the lower limit of the preferable content is 0.1% by mass and 0 with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition. .5% by mass, 1% by mass, 1.5% by mass, 2% by mass, 2.5% by mass, 3% by mass, 4% by mass, 5% by mass. It is 10% by mass. The upper limit of the preferable content is 20% by mass, 15% by mass, 10% by mass, 9% by mass, 8% by mass, and 7% by mass with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition. It is 6% by mass, 5% by mass, 4% by mass, and 3% by mass.

As a compound having a terphenyl structure or a tetraphenyl structure that can be used in a liquid crystal composition and having a dielectric anisotropy greater than +2, for example, formulas (M-8.51) to (M-8.54). Compounds represented by, compounds represented by formulas (M-7.1) to formulas (M-7.4), represented by formulas (M-7.11) to formulas (M-7.14). It is preferable to contain a compound, a compound represented by the formulas (M-7.21) to (M-7.24).

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention, in order to increase the _{T NI,} the formula (L-7.1) ~ formula (L-7.4), the formula (L-7.11) ~ formula (L-7. 13), Equation (L-7.21) to Equation (L-7.23), Equation (L-7.31) to Equation (L-7.34), Equation (L-7.41) to Equation (L-7.41) L-7.44), even if it contains a compound of the four rings of the formulas (L-7.51) to (L-7.53) which is dielectrically almost zero (generally in the range of -2 to +2). Good.

In addition to the above-mentioned compounds, the liquid crystal composition in the present invention may contain ordinary nematic liquid crystals, smectic liquid crystals, cholesteric liquid crystals, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, infrared absorbers and the like.
Examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenols represented by the general formulas (H-1) to (H-4).

In the general formulas (H-1) to (H-3), ^RH1 independently has an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 2 carbon atoms. represents a 10 alkenyl group or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in which one -CH 2 - present in the group _- or non-adjacent two or more -CH 2 _- are each independently , -O- or -S-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the group may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, respectively.
More specifically, R ^H1 are each independently an alkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 2-7 carbon atoms, 2 alkenyl group, or number of carbon atoms of 2 to 7 carbon atoms It is preferably an alkenyloxy group of 7, and more preferably an alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

In the general formula (H-4), ^MH4 is an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more -CH ₂ − in the alkylene group is not directly adjacent to an oxygen atom. -O -, - CO -, - COO -, - OCO- may be substituted _{in), -. OCH 2 -,} - CH 2 O -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CF 2 O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-COO-, -CH = CH-OCO-, -COO-CH = CH-, -OCO-CH = CH-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, single bond, 1,4-phenylene group (any hydrogen atom in the 1,4-phenylene group may be substituted with a fluorine atom) or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene. Although it represents a group, it is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms. In consideration of volatileness, the number of carbon atoms is preferably large, but in consideration of viscosity, it is preferable that the number of carbon atoms is not too large. Therefore, ^MH4 has 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is more preferably 3 to 10, the number of carbon atoms is further preferably 4 to 10, the number of carbon atoms is particularly preferably 5 to 10, and the number of carbon atoms is 6 to 10. Is most preferable.

In the general formulas (H-1) to (H-4), one or two or more non-adjacent -CH = in the 1,4-phenylene group may be substituted with -N =. .. Further, the hydrogen atom in the 1,4-phenylene group may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
In the general formula (H-2) and the general formula (H-4), one in the 1,4-cyclohexylene group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s are represented by −O− or −S−. It may be replaced. Further, the hydrogen atom in the 1,4-cyclohexylene group may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

More specifically, examples of the antioxidant include compounds represented by the formulas (H-11) to (H-15).

When the liquid crystal composition contains an antioxidant, the preferable lower limit thereof is 10 mass ppm or more, 20 mass ppm or more, and 50 mass ppm or more. On the other hand, the preferred upper limit thereof is 10000 mass ppm, 1000 mass ppm, 500 mass ppm, and 100 mass ppm.
The liquid crystal composition preferably has a nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature ( _TNI ) of 60 to 120 ° C., more preferably 70 to 100 ° C., and further preferably 70 to 85 ° C. preferable. In this specification, 60 ° C. or higher is expressed as having a high _TNI .
For liquid crystal television applications, the T _NI is preferably 70 to 80 ° C, and for mobile applications, the T _NI is preferably 80 to 90 ° C, for outdoor display applications such as PID (Public Information Display). _{for, T NI} is preferably 90 to 110 ° C..

The liquid crystal composition preferably has a refractive index anisotropy (Δn) at 20 ° C. of 0.08 to 0.14, more preferably 0.09 to 0.13, and 0.09 to 0. It is more preferably 12. More specifically, the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) is preferably 0.10 to 0.13 when dealing with a thin cell gap, and the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) when dealing with a thick cell gap. Δn) is preferably 0.08 to 0.10. In this specification, 0.09 or more is expressed as having a large Δn.
The liquid crystal composition preferably has a rotational viscosity (γ ₁ ) at 20 ° C. of 50 to 160 mPa · s, more preferably 55 to 160 mPa · s, and more preferably 60 to 160 mPa · s. It is more preferably 80 to 150 mPa · s, further preferably 90 to 140 mPa · s, particularly preferably 90 to 130 mPa · s, and most preferably 100 to 130 mPa · s.

The liquid crystal composition preferably has a dielectric anisotropy (Δε) at 20 ° C. of −2.0 to −8.0, more preferably −2.0 to −6.0, and −2. It is more preferably .0 to -5.0, particularly preferably -2.5 to -4.0, and most preferably -2.5 to -3.5.
Among the compounds constituting the liquid crystal composition, the preferable upper limit of the total content of the compounds having an alkenyl group is 10% by mass, 8% by mass, 6% by mass, and 5% by mass. It is 4% by mass, 3% by mass, 2% by mass, 1% by mass, and 0% by mass. The preferred range of the total content of the compounds having an alkenyl group is 0 to 10% by mass, 0 to 8% by mass, 0 to 5% by mass, 0 to 4% by mass, and 0. It is ~ 3% by mass, and is 0 to 2% by mass. However, compounds represented by the general formula (NU-01) are excluded.

The liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable monoma which is an essential component, and further has a general formula (N-01), a general formula (N-02), a general formula (N-03), a general formula (N-04), and a general formula. Compounds containing one or more selected from the compounds represented by the formulas (N-05) and the general formula (N-06), and further represented by the general formulas (NU-01) to (NU-06). It is preferable to contain one or more selected from the above.
The upper limit of the total of these contents is 100% by mass, 99% by mass, 98% by mass, 97% by mass, 96% by mass, 95% by mass, 94% by mass, 93% by mass, 92% by mass, 91% by mass. , 90% by mass, 89% by mass, 88% by mass, 87% by mass, 86% by mass, 85% by mass, 84% by mass, and the lower limit of the total content thereof is 78% by mass, 80% by mass. Mass%, 81 mass%, 83 mass%, 85 mass%, 86 mass%, 87 mass%, 88 mass%, 89 mass%, 90 mass%, 91 mass%, 92 mass%, 93 mass%, 94 mass% , 95% by mass, 96% by mass, 97% by mass, 98% by mass, and 99% by mass are preferable.

The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is particularly useful for a liquid crystal display element for driving an active matrix, and is of VA type, FFS type, IPS type, PSA type, PSVA type, PS-IPS type or PS-FFS type, NPS type. , PI-less type, ECB type and the like, but it is particularly preferable to use it for PSA type, PSVA type, VA type, IPS type, FFS type or ECB type liquid crystal display element.

(Liquid crystal display element)
The liquid crystal composition as described above is used to form a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display element. Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically shown in one embodiment of a liquid crystal display element, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of a region surrounded by line I in FIG.
In addition, in FIGS. 1 and 2, for convenience, the dimensions of each part and their ratios are exaggerated and may differ from the actual ones. In addition, the materials, dimensions, etc. shown below are examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be appropriately changed without changing the gist thereof.

The liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an active matrix substrate AM and a color filter substrate CF arranged so as to face each other, and a liquid crystal layer 4 sandwiched between the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF. ing.
The active matrix substrate AM is formed on the first substrate 2, the pixel electrode layer 5 provided on the surface of the first substrate 2 on the liquid crystal layer 4 side, and the surface of the first substrate 2 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 4. It has a first polarizing plate 7 provided.

On the other hand, the color filter substrate CF is provided on the second substrate 3, the common electrode layer 6 provided on the liquid crystal layer 4 side of the second substrate 3, and the surface of the second substrate 3 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 4. It has a second polarizing plate 8 provided, and a color filter 9 provided between the second substrate 3 and the common electrode layer 6.
The liquid crystal layer 4 is a vertically oriented type using negative permittivity anisotropy, and in the liquid crystal layer 4, the liquid crystal molecules are attached to the substrates AM and CF without applying a voltage between the electrode layers 5 and 6. Oriented almost vertically.

That is, the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the present embodiment includes a first polarizing plate 7, a first substrate 2, a pixel electrode layer 5, a liquid crystal layer 4, a common electrode layer 6, and a color filter 9. The second substrate 3 and the second polarizing plate 8 are laminated in this order.
The first substrate 2 and the second substrate 3 are each made of a flexible material such as a glass material or a plastic material.
Both of the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 3 may have translucency, or only one of them may have translucency. In the latter case, the other substrate can be made of an opaque material such as a metal material or a silicon material.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pixel electrode layer 5 includes a plurality of gate bus lines 11 for supplying scanning signals, a plurality of data bus lines 12 for supplying display signals, and a plurality of pixel electrodes 13. Have. Note that FIG. 2 shows a pair of gate bus lines 11 and 11 and a pair of data bus lines 12 and 12.
The plurality of gate bus lines 11 and the plurality of data bus lines 12 are arranged in a matrix so as to intersect with each other, and a unit pixel of the liquid crystal display element 1 is formed by a region surrounded by these. One pixel electrode 13 is formed in each unit pixel. In addition, each pixel may be composed of a plurality of sub-pixels.

The pixel electrode 13 has, for example, a structure including two trunks that are orthogonal to each other and have a cross shape, and a plurality of branches that branch from each trunk and are inclined at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to each trunk (so-called). It can be a fishbone structure). In other words, the pixel electrode 13 can also be regarded as an electrode having a structure having slits formed between the branches.
According to the pixel electrode 13 having such a structure, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined or oriented in the four directions in which the branches are inclined with respect to the trunk. Therefore, a domain divided into four is formed in one pixel, and the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be widened.

The width L of each branch is preferably about 1 to 5 μm, and more preferably about 2 to 4 μm. Further, the separation distance S between the adjacent branch portions is preferably about 1 to 5 μm, and more preferably about 2 to 4 μm. With such a configuration, the liquid crystal molecules can be more reliably inclined or oriented in a predetermined direction.
A Cs electrode 14 is provided between the pair of gate bus lines 11 and 11 substantially parallel to the gate bus line 11. Further, a thin film transistor including a source electrode 15 and a drain electrode 16 is provided in the vicinity of the intersection where the gate bus line 11 and the data bus line 12 intersect with each other. The drain electrode 16 is provided with a contact hole 17.

The gate bus line 11 and the data bus line 12 are preferably formed of, for example, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Cr, Ta, Ti, Mo, W, Ni or an alloy containing these, respectively, preferably Mo, Al or It is more preferable to form an alloy containing these.
The pixel electrode 13 is composed of, for example, a transparent electrode in order to improve the light transmittance. The transparent electrode is formed by sputtering a compound such as ZnO, InGaZnO, SiGe, GaAs, IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), SnO, TIO, and AZTO (AlZnSnO).
The average thickness of the transparent electrode is preferably about 10 to 200 nm. Further, in order to reduce the electrical resistance, a transparent electrode can be formed as a polycrystalline ITO film by firing an amorphous ITO film.

On the other hand, the common electrode layer 6 has, for example, a plurality of striped common electrodes (transparent electrodes) arranged side by side. This common electrode can also be formed in the same manner as the pixel electrode 13.
The color filter 9 can be produced by, for example, a pigment dispersion method, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, a dyeing method, or the like.
In the pigment dispersion method, a curable coloring composition for a color filter is supplied onto a second substrate 3 in a predetermined pattern, and then cured by heating or irradiating with light. By performing this operation for the three colors of red, green, and blue, the color filter 9 can be obtained.
The color filter 9 may be arranged on the first substrate 2 side.

Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 may be provided with a black matrix (not shown) from the viewpoint of preventing light leakage. It is preferable that this black matrix is formed in a portion corresponding to the thin film transistor.
The black matrix may be arranged together with the color filter 9 on the second substrate 3 side, may be arranged together with the color filter 9 on the first substrate 2 side, and the black matrix may be arranged on the first substrate 2 side. The color filters 9 may be individually arranged on the second substrate 3 side. Further, the black matrix can also be composed of a portion in which each color of the color filter 9 is superposed to reduce the transmittance.

The active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF are bonded to each other by a sealing material (sealing material) composed of an epoxy-based thermosetting composition, an acrylic-based UV curable composition, or the like in their peripheral regions. There is.
In addition, a spacer for maintaining the separation distance between the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF may be arranged. Examples of the spacer include glass particles, plastic particles, granular spacers such as alumina particles, and resin spacer columns formed by a photolithography method.
The average separation distance between the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF (that is, the average thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4) is preferably about 1 to 100 μm.

The first polarizing plate 7 and the second polarizing plate 8 can be designed so that the viewing angle and the contrast are improved by adjusting the positional relationship of their transmission axes. Specifically, it is preferable that the first polarizing plate 7 and the second polarizing plate 8 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other so that their transmission axes operate in the normal black mode. In particular, it is preferable that either one of the first polarizing plate 7 and the second polarizing plate 8 is arranged so that its transmission axis is approximately 45 ° with the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied. ..

When the first polarizing plate 7 and the second polarizing plate 8 are used, the product of the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the average thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4 so as to maximize the contrast. It is preferable to adjust. Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 may include a retardation film for widening the viewing angle.
In the liquid crystal display element 1, an alignment film such as a polyimide alignment film may be provided on the liquid crystal layer 4 side of at least one of the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF so as to be in contact with the liquid crystal layer 4. it can. In other words, in the present invention, by using the liquid crystal composition as described above, at least one of the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF does not have to have an alignment film.

(Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display element)
Next, a method of manufacturing such a liquid crystal display element 1 will be described.
The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment includes a preparatory step [1] for preparing a substrate and a liquid crystal composition, an assembly step [2] for assembling each part, and at least one of an orientation aid and a polymerizable compound. It has a polymerization step [3] for polymerization.
[1] Preparation Step First, the active matrix substrate AM, the color filter substrate CF, and the liquid crystal composition as described above are prepared.

[2] Assembly Step Next, the sealing material is drawn in a closed loop bank shape using a dispenser along at least one edge of the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF.
Then, a predetermined amount of the liquid crystal composition is dropped inside the sealing material, and then the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF are arranged so as to face each other so as to come into contact with the liquid crystal composition under reduced pressure.
In such a drop injection (ODF: One Drop Fill) method, it is necessary to drop an optimum injection amount according to the size of the liquid crystal display element 1. The liquid crystal composition as described above is less affected by sudden pressure changes and impacts in the dropping device that occur during dropping, and can be stably dropped for a long period of time. Therefore, the yield of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be maintained high.

In particular, in a small liquid crystal display element often used in smartphones, since the optimum injection amount of the liquid crystal composition is small, it is difficult to control the deviation amount within a certain range. However, by using the liquid crystal composition as described above, a stable and optimum injection amount can be accurately dropped even in a small liquid crystal display element.
Further, according to the ODF method, it is possible to suppress the generation of dropping marks when the liquid crystal composition is dropped on the substrate. The dripping mark is a phenomenon in which the dripping mark of the liquid crystal composition appears white when displayed in black.
Then, the sealing material is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays (active energy rays) and heating. Depending on the type of the sealing material, the sealing material may be cured only by either ultraviolet irradiation or heating.

[3] Polymerization Step Next, at least one of the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound is polymerized by irradiating the liquid crystal composition with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
As a result, a polymer layer (a polymer of at least one of the alignment aid and the polymerizable compound) that controls the liquid crystal orientation is formed at the interface of the liquid crystal layer 4, and the liquid crystal display element 1 is obtained.
An appropriate polymerization rate is desirable in order to impart a sufficient pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, at the time of polymerization, it is preferable to irradiate the active energy rays individually, in combination, or in order. When ultraviolet rays are used, a polarized light source may be used, or a non-polarized light source may be used.

When the polymerization is carried out with the two substrates facing each other so as to be in contact with the liquid crystal composition as in the present embodiment, at least the substrate located on the irradiation surface side is suitable for the active energy rays. Must have good transparency.
Further, the polymerization may be carried out in a plurality of steps as follows. Specifically, first, conditions such as an electric field, a magnetic field, or a temperature are adjusted to change the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules. In this state, the liquid crystal composition is irradiated with active energy rays to polymerize at least one of the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound. Next, the liquid crystal composition is irradiated with activation energy rays without applying an electric field or a magnetic field to polymerize the remaining unpolymerized product (residual monomer).

In particular, when ultraviolet rays are used, it is preferable to irradiate the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays while applying an alternating electric field.
The frequency of the alternating current to be applied is preferably about 10 Hz to 10 kHz, more preferably about 60 Hz to 10 kHz.
The AC voltage to be applied is selected depending on the desired pretilt angle of the liquid crystal display element 1. That is, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be controlled by adjusting the applied AC voltage. The pretilt angle imparted to the liquid crystal molecules is preferably about 85 to 89.5 °, more preferably about 87.5 to 89 °. By adjusting the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules within such a range, it is possible to sufficiently increase the response speed of the liquid crystal display element 1 and prevent a decrease in contrast.

The temperature when irradiating with ultraviolet rays is preferably within the temperature range in which the liquid crystal state of the liquid crystal composition is maintained. The specific temperature is preferably a temperature close to room temperature, that is, typically about 15 to 35 ° C.
As the lamp that generates ultraviolet rays, a metal halide lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a fluorescent tube, or the like can be used.
Further, the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated are preferably ultraviolet rays having a wavelength other than the absorption wavelength range of the liquid crystal composition, and it is more preferable to cut a predetermined wavelength as necessary.

The intensity of the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated is preferably about 0.1 mW / cm ^{2 to} 100 W / cm ² , and more preferably about ² mW / cm ^{2 to} 50 W / cm ² . It should be noted that the ultraviolet rays may be irradiated while changing the intensity.
Energy of ultraviolet light irradiation, can be appropriately ^adjusted, it is more preferable is preferably 10mJ / cm ² ~500J / cm 2 about ^a 100mJ / cm ² ~200J / cm 2 approximately.
The time for irradiating the ultraviolet rays is appropriately selected depending on the intensity thereof, but is preferably about 10 to 3600 seconds, and more preferably about 10 to 600 seconds.

In the [2] assembly step, the vacuum injection method may be used instead of the drop injection (ODF) method. For example, in the vacuum injection method, first, the sealing material is screen-printed along at least one edge of the active matrix substrate AM and the color filter substrate CF so as to leave an injection port. After that, the two substrates AM and CF are bonded together, and the sealing material is thermoset by heating. Next, the liquid crystal composition is injected under vacuum into the space partitioned by the sealing material between the two substrates AM and CF through the injection port, and then the injection port is sealed. After that, the process proceeds to [3] polymerization step.
The liquid crystal display element 1 thus obtained is preferably a PSA type, PSVA type, VA type, IPS type, FFS type or ECB type liquid crystal display element, and is preferably a PSA type liquid crystal display element. More preferred.

The present invention is characterized in that the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma (orientation aid and / or the polymerizable compound) in the liquid crystal layer 4, that is, the amount of the unreacted polymerizable monoma is adjusted to 200 ppm or less.
When the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer 4 exceeds 200 ppm, the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal display element 1 sharply decreases. On the other hand, by setting the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer 4 to 200 ppm or less, the adverse effect of the remaining polymerizable monoma (residual monoma) on the liquid crystal molecules is suppressed, and the voltage of the liquid crystal display element 1 is maintained. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the rate.
The residual amount of the polymerizable monoma may be 200 ppm or less, but is preferably 150 ppm or less, and more preferably 100 ppm or less. By adjusting the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma within such a range, the decrease in the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal display element 1 is further reduced.

When the liquid crystal composition contains both an orientation aid (polymerizable monoma A) and a polymerizable compound (polymerizable monoma B) as the polymerizable monoma, the total residual amount thereof may be within the above range. preferable.
When both the alignment aid and the polymerizable compound are contained, the residual amount of each of the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 75 ppm or less, and more preferably 50 ppm or less. Is more preferable.
When the liquid crystal composition contains only one of the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound as the polymerizable monoma, the residual amount thereof is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 85 ppm or less.

From the viewpoint of preventing a decrease in the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal display element 1, it is preferable that the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma is as low as possible.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing damage to the liquid crystal molecules (host compound) due to the irradiated active energy rays, it is preferable to positively leave a small amount of polymerizable monomas in the liquid crystal layer 4.
Therefore, there is also a lower limit value for the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer 4, and the specific residual amount thereof is preferably 10 ppm or more, more preferably 20 ppm or more, and more preferably 30 ppm or more. Is even more preferable. By leaving the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer 4 in such an amount, damage to the liquid crystal molecules due to the adverse effect of the active energy rays is more reliably suppressed, and thus a decrease in the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal display element 1 is also reduced. To.

When the liquid crystal composition contains only one of the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound as the polymerizable monoma, the residual amount thereof is preferably in the above range.
When the liquid crystal composition contains both the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound as the polymerizable monoma, the total residual amount thereof is preferably 20 ppm or more, more preferably 40 ppm or more. It is preferably 60 ppm or more, and more preferably 60 ppm or more.

Further, by leaving a small amount (trace amount) of the polymerizable monoma, for example, even if a radical is generated in the liquid crystal layer 4 due to the action of light from the backlight when the liquid crystal display element 1 is used, this radical is generated. Will be trapped in the polymerizable radicals of the polymerizable monoma. Therefore, damage to the liquid crystal molecules due to radicals is unlikely to occur. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the decrease in the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal display element 1 with time.
Furthermore, since the remaining polymerizable monoma is inactivated by trapping radicals by itself, the direct damage of the polymerizable monoma to the liquid crystal molecules may become a problem if the amount is the above-mentioned small amount. Absent.
In particular, liquid crystal molecules that are closer to the substrate installed on the backlight side are more likely to generate radicals due to the influence of light from the backlight, but orientation aids with adsorbent groups (polymerization). When the sex monoma A) remains in the liquid crystal layer 4, it is considered that the remaining polymerizable monoma is also likely to be unevenly distributed near the surface of the substrate (the interface with the liquid crystal layer). Therefore, even if the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma is small, the decrease in the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be effectively suppressed.
Considering the radical scavenging ability of the polymerizable monoma, the polymerizable group is preferably a polymerizable group having an unsaturated bond, and more preferably a (meth) acryloyl group, among the above-mentioned polymerizable groups.

For the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer 4, the intensity, wavelength, energy amount and irradiation time of the active energy rays (ultraviolet rays) to be irradiated on the liquid crystal composition, the type and the amount of the polymerizable monoma added, and the like are set. Can be adjusted by.
Although the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has been described above based on the embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and each configuration may be replaced with an arbitrary configuration having the same function. Any configuration of may be added.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The properties measured for the liquid crystal mixture are as follows.
Tni: Nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (° C)
Δn: Refractive index anisotropy at 293K Δε: Dielectric anisotropy at 293K γ1: Rotational viscosity at 293K (mPa · s)
K11: Elastic constant of spread at 293K (pN)
K33: Elastic modulus of bending at 293K (pN)

The following abbreviations are used for the description of the compounds used in each Example and each Comparative Example. N in the abbreviation is a natural number.
(Side chain)
−N −C _n H _{2n + 1} : Linear alkyl group having n carbon atoms n − C _n H _{2n + 1} −: Linear alkyl group having n carbon atoms −On −OC _n H _{2n + 1} : Linear alkyl group having n carbon atoms -V1 linear alkoxy group -CH = CH-CH _3: propenyl V- CH ₂ = CH-: vinyl _{1V2- CH 3 -CH = CH-CH} 2 -CH 2 -: pentenyl

(Connected structure)
−NO− −C _n H _2n O−
(Ring structure)

The composition and physical properties of the liquid crystal mixtures LC-1 and LC-2 are shown in Table 1 below.

The following orientation aids (SA1) to (SA6) were used as the orientation aid (polymerizable monoma A).

The following polymerizable compounds (PSA1) to (PSA4) were used as the polymerizable compound (polymerizable monoma B).

1. 1. Preparation of liquid crystal composition (Example 1)
A liquid crystal composition was prepared by mixing the alignment aid (SA2) with 0.7% by mass of the liquid crystal mixture LC-1 and heating and melting the mixture. Therefore, the polymerizable compound was not mixed with the liquid crystal composition of Example 1.
(Examples 2 to 21, Comparative Examples 1 to 5)
A liquid crystal composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the liquid crystal mixture, the orientation aid and the polymerizable compound were changed as shown in Table 2.

2. 2. Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Cell First, a first substrate (common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and no alignment film, and an alignment film having a pixel electrode layer having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element are provided. A second substrate (pixel electrode substrate) was produced.
Next, after dropping the liquid crystal composition on the first substrate, the liquid crystal composition was sandwiched between the second substrates and the sealing material was cured under the conditions of 110 ° C. for 2 hours at normal pressure to form a liquid crystal cell having a cell gap of 3.2 μm. Obtained.
Next, with a voltage of a frequency of 100 Hz and 10 V applied to the liquid crystal cell, ultraviolet rays were irradiated using a high-pressure mercury lamp through a filter that cuts ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 325 nm or less. At this time, the illuminance (intensity) measured under the condition of a central wavelength of 365 nm was adjusted to be 100 mW / cm ² , and ultraviolet rays having an integrated light intensity of 10 J / cm ² were irradiated.
This ultraviolet irradiation condition was defined as irradiation condition 1. The pretilt angle is imparted to the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays under the irradiation condition 1.

Next, the liquid crystal cell was adjusted so that the illuminance (intensity) measured under the condition of a central wavelength of 313 nm was 3 mW / cm ² using a fluorescent UV lamp manufactured by Toshiba Litec, and the integrated light intensity was 10 J / cm ^2. Ultraviolet rays were irradiated at any of (small), 20 J / cm ² (medium), and 50 J / cm ² (large). As a result, a liquid crystal display element was obtained.
This ultraviolet irradiation condition was defined as irradiation condition 2. By irradiating with ultraviolet rays under the irradiation condition 2, the residual amount of unreacted polymerizable monomas (orientation aid and polymerizable compound) in the liquid crystal cell was reduced.
Two liquid crystal cells were produced using each liquid crystal composition.

3. 3. Measurement and evaluation 3-1. Measurement of Residual Amount of Polymerizable Monoma With respect to the obtained liquid crystal cell, the amount (ppm) of the polymerizable monoma remaining in the liquid crystal layer was measured as follows.
First, the liquid crystal cell was decomposed, and the liquid crystal molecule, the polymer of the polymerizable monoma, and the unreacted polymerizable monoma were eluted with acetonitrile. Next, the acetonitrile solution containing this eluted component was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the peak area of each eluted component was measured.
Then, the amount of the remaining polymerizable monoma was determined from the ratio of the peak area of the liquid crystal molecule as an index to the peak area of the unreacted polymerizable monoma. The residual amount of the polymerizable monoma was determined from the obtained value and the amount (initial amount) of the polymerizable monoma added when preparing the liquid crystal composition.

3-2. Evaluation of Vertical Orientation With respect to the obtained liquid crystal cell, vertical orientation and orientation unevenness such as dropping marks were observed using a polarizing microscope and evaluated according to the following criteria.
[Evaluation criteria]
S: Uniform vertical alignment over the entire surface A: Level that is acceptable even if there is a slight alignment defect B: Level that is unacceptable due to alignment defect C: Poor alignment defect

3-3. Evaluation of initial value of voltage retention rate (VHR) For the obtained liquid crystal cell, VHR (%) was measured using a voltage retention rate measurement system (manufactured by Toyo Corporation, "LCM-2 type"). It was evaluated according to the criteria of.
The measurement conditions were 60 ° C., a frequency of 60 Hz, and an applied voltage of 1 V.
[Evaluation criteria]
S: Over 99% 100% or less A: Over 98% 99% or less B: Over 95% 98% or less C: 95% or less

3-4. Evaluation of Change in Voltage Retention Rate (VHR) with Time The obtained liquid crystal cell was continuously irradiated with light having a brightness of 8500 cd / m ² so that the surface temperature became 50 ° C. without passing through a polarizing plate. .. After 45 days, VHR was measured in the same manner as above and evaluated according to the following criteria.
[Evaluation criteria]
S: Decrease of less than 10% with respect to the initial value A: Decrease of 10% or more and less than 15% with respect to the initial value B: Decrease of 15% or more and less than 20% with respect to the initial value C: 20 with respect to the initial value % Or more drop

3-5. Evaluation of Pre-Tilt Stability With respect to the obtained liquid crystal cell, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules was measured using a pre-tilt angle measurement system (“OPTIPRO” manufactured by Shintec Co., Ltd.). This pre-tilt angle was used as the initial value.
Next, the liquid crystal cell was continuously irradiated with light for 10 hours from the backlight while applying a rectangular voltage of 30 V at a frequency of 100 Hz. Then, the pre-tilt angle was measured again and used as the pre-tilt angle (value after the test). The magnitude of the voltage of 30V is several times larger than the normal drive voltage, and it is an acceleration test.
The value obtained by subtracting the pre-tilt angle (post-test value) from the measured pre-tilt angle (initial value) was evaluated as the pre-tilt angle change amount (= absolute value of the pre-tilt angle change) [°] according to the following criteria. The closer the amount of change in the pretilt angle is to 0 [°], the lower the possibility that display defects will occur due to the change in the pretilt angle.
[Evaluation criteria]
S: Change within 0.1 ° (almost no display failure occurs)
A: Change over 0.1 ° and within 0.3 (display defects are unlikely to occur)
B: Change over 0.3 ° and within 0.5 ° (significant display defects occur)
C: Change of more than 0.5 ° (display defect occurs and unacceptable level)
The above results are shown in Table 2 below.

In the examples in which the residual amount of each polymerizable monoma was 100 ppm or less (particularly 50 ppm or less), VHR and tilt stability were also good without lowering the vertical orientation. The residual amount of each polymerizable monoma could be controlled by adjusting the integrated amount of ultraviolet rays.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 2, 4 and 5 in which the residual amount of each polymerizable monoma exceeded 100 ppm, the decrease in VHR was remarkable. Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 3 in which the residual amount of each polymerizable monoma was 0 ppm, it is considered that the cumulative amount of ultraviolet rays was too large, which caused damage to the liquid crystal molecules and caused a decrease in VHR.
From the above results, each example has better vertical orientation, VHR and tilt stability than each comparative example, and is suitable for achieving vertical orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell having no alignment film. It turned out that there was.
Further, in the example in which the residual amount of each polymerizable monoma was 10 ppm or more (particularly 30 ppm or more), the change with time (decrease with time) of VHR could be suppressed.

1 Liquid crystal display element AM active matrix substrate CF color filter substrate 2 First substrate 3 Second substrate 4 Liquid crystal layer 5 Pixel electrode layer 6 Common electrode layer 7 First polarizing plate 8 Second polarizing plate 9 Color filter 11 Gate Bus line 12 Data bus line 13 Pixel electrode 14 Cs electrode 15 Source electrode 16 Drain electrode 17 Contact hole

Claims (12)

Two boards and
A liquid crystal layer provided between the two substrates is provided.
The liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules and a polymer of polymerizable monomas.
A liquid crystal display element characterized in that the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer is 200 ppm or less. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma in the liquid crystal layer is 10 ppm or more. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymerizable monoma includes a polymerizable monoma A having an adsorbing group. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma A in the liquid crystal layer is 100 ppm or less. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polymerizable monoma contains a polymerizable monoma B having no adsorbent group. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the residual amount of the polymerizable monoma B in the liquid crystal layer is 100 ppm or less. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the polymerizable monoma B is represented by the following general formula (P).

(In the formula (P), R ^p1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 [one or adjacent to the alkyl group. Two or more −CH _2−s that do not may be independently substituted with −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−. One or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom],.
P ^p1 and P ^p2 independently represent one of the following general formulas (P ^p1-1 ) to (P ^p1-9 ).

[In the formula, R ^p11 and R ^p12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and W ^p11 is a single bond. -O -, - COO -, - OCO- or -CH ₂ - ^{represents, t pi 1} may represent 0, 1, or ^{2, R p11, R p12,} W p11 and / or ^{t pi 1} in the molecule is more If present, they may be the same or different, with * representing a bond. ]
Sp ^p1 and Sp ^p2 independently represent a single bond or a spacer group, respectively.
Z ^p1 and ^{Z p2} are each independently a single _{bond, -O -, - S -,} - CH 2 -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - CO -, - C 2 H 4 -, _{-COO -, - OCO -, -} OCOOCH 2 -, - CH 2 OCOO -, - OCH 2 CH 2 O -, - CO-NR ZP1 -, - NR ZP1 -CO -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S ^{-, - CH = CR ZP1 -COO} -, - CH = CR ZP1 -OCO -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH -, - COO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - ^{COO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO} -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-COO -, - OCO-CR ZP1 = CH-OCO -, - (CH 2) 2 -COO -, - (CH 2) 2 -OCO -, -OCO- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -,-(C = O) -O- (CH ₂ ) _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF -, -CF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF ₂ -or -C ≡ C- [in the formula, Each R ^ZP1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but when a plurality of R ^ZP1s are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different. ],
A ^p1 , A ^p2 and A ^p3 are independent of each other.
^(A p) 1,4-cyclohexylene group [this present in group one -CH ₂ - or nonadjacent two or more -CH ₂ - may be replaced by -O-. ]
^(B p) 1,4-phenylene group [this one which is present in the group -CH = or non-adjacent two or more -CH = may be replaced by -N =. ] And ^(c p) naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, naphthalene-1,5-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group , Decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group or anthracene-2,6-diyl group [one -CH = or two non-adjacent groups present in these groups The above −CH = may be replaced with −N =. ]
Group [wherein the group selected from the group consisting of (a ^p), group (b ^p) and group (c ^p) are each independently hydrogen atoms present in this group, a halogen atom, carbon atom 1 It may be substituted with an alkyl group of ~ 8 or an alkenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyano group or −Sp ^p2 −P ^p2 . ],
m ^p1 represents 0, 1, 2 or 3
When a plurality of Z ^p1 , A ^p2 , Sp ^p2 and / or P ^p2 are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different, but in A ^p3 , m ^p1 is 0 and A ^p1 is the group. If it is (c ^p), it may be a single bond. ) The liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymerizable monoma has a polymerizable group selected from the group represented by the following general formulas (AP-1) to (AP-9). element.

(In the formula, R ^AP1 and R ^AP2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms [one of the alkyl groups]. or two or more -CH 2 _- may be replaced by -O- or -CO-, 1 or 2 or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group May be replaced with],
W ^AP1 represents a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -CH _2-
t ^AP1 represents 0, 1 or 2
* Represents a bond. ) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the liquid crystal molecule has a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε). The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is for driving an active matrix. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is a PSA type, a PSVA type, a VA type, an IPS type, an FFS type, or an ECB type. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one of the two substrates does not have an alignment film.

Images