JPWO2010110333A1 - 陰イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
陰イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2010110333A1 JPWO2010110333A1 JP2011506094A JP2011506094A JPWO2010110333A1 JP WO2010110333 A1 JPWO2010110333 A1 JP WO2010110333A1 JP 2011506094 A JP2011506094 A JP 2011506094A JP 2011506094 A JP2011506094 A JP 2011506094A JP WO2010110333 A1 JPWO2010110333 A1 JP WO2010110333A1
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- Prior art keywords
- exchange membrane
- anion exchange
- polymer block
- general formula
- group
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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Abstract
Description
特許文献4に記載された方法によって、表1に示す分子末端にメルカプト基を有するポリビニルアルコールを合成した。
イオン交換膜の乾燥重量を予め測定しておき、その後、脱イオン水に浸漬し膨潤平衡に達したところで湿潤重量を測定した。膜含水率, Hは下式により算出した。
H=[(Ww−Dw)/1.0]/[(Ww−Dw)/1.0+(Dw/1.3)]
ここで1.0と1.3はそれぞれ水とポリマーの比重を示している。
・H:膜含水率[−]
・Dw:膜の乾燥重量[g]
・Ww:膜の湿潤重量[g]
JIS規格のポンチを用いて、陰イオン交換膜を幅2mm、長さ3cmのダンベル状に切り抜いて測定試料を作製した。測定には、株式会社島津製作所製小型卓上試験機「EZ−Test500N」を用いた。評点間距離を2cmとし、25℃の温度下で測定を行った。得られた破断点の応力から、下式により最大破断応力を算出した。
最大破断応力[MPa]=破断点の応力[MPa]×初期断面積[m2]/破断断面積[m2]
陰イオン交換膜を1mol/lのHCl水溶液に10時間以上浸漬した。その後、1mol/lのNaNO3水溶液で塩素イオン型を硝酸イオン型に置換させ、遊離した塩素イオンを電位差滴定装置(COMTITE−900;平沼産業株式会社製)で定量した(Amol)。
・イオン交換容量=A×1000/W [meq/g]
陰イオン交換膜の動的輸率は、図1に示される白金黒電極板を有する2室セル中にイオン交換膜を挟み、イオン交換膜の両側に0.5mol/L−NaCl溶液を満たし、所定時間(t)、所定電流密度(J=10mAcm−2)の電流密度で電気透析を行った。有効膜面積は8.0cm2(2cm×4cm)であった。その後、測定溶液を取り出し、その溶液を300mlメスフラスコにて希釈した。希釈溶液の伝導度を伝導度計にて測定し、得られた伝導度から下式に代入することで動的輸率td+を算出した。
td+=Δm/Ea
td+:動的輸率
Ea:理論当量=I・t/F
Δm:移動当量
F:Faraday定数
膜抵抗は、図2に示される白金黒電極板を有する2室セル中に陰イオン交換膜を挟み、膜の両側に0.5mol/L−NaCl溶液を満たし、交流ブリッジ(周波数1000サイクル/秒)により25℃における電極間の抵抗を測定し、該電極間抵抗と陰イオン交換膜を設置しない場合の電極間抵抗との差により求めた。上記測定に使用する膜は、あらかじめ0.5mol/L−NaCl溶液中で平衡にしたものを用いた。
得られた陰イオン交換膜をコンデショニングした後、銀、塩化銀電極を有する二室セルに該イオン交換膜を挟み、その陽極室には0.05mol/L−NaCl溶液を入れ、陰極室には1000ppmのドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムと0.05mol/L−NaClの混合溶液を入れた。両室の液を1500rpmの回転速度で攪拌し、0.2A/dm2の電流密度で電気透析を行った。この時、両膜表面の近傍に白金線を固定し、膜間電圧を測定した。通電中に有機汚染が起こると膜間電圧が上昇してくる。通電を開始して30分後の膜間電圧を測定し、有機汚染物質を添加した場合と添加しない場合の電圧差(ΔE)をとって膜の汚染性の尺度とした。
還流冷却管、攪拌翼を備え付けた5L四つ口セパラブルフラスコに、水2600g、末端にメルカプト基を有するビニルアルコール系重合体として表1に示すPVA−1を344g仕込み、攪拌下95℃まで加熱して該ビニルアルコール系重合体を溶解した後、室温まで冷却した。該水溶液に1/2規定の硫酸を添加してpHを3.0に調整した。別に、メタクリル酸アミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド183gを水200gに溶解し、これを先に調製した水溶液に攪拌下添加した後、70℃まで加温し、また、水溶液中に窒素をバブリングしながら30分間系内を窒素置換した。窒素置換後、上記水溶液に過硫酸カリウムの2.5%水溶液121mLを1.5時間かけて逐次的に添加してブロック共重合を開始、進行させた後、系内温度を75℃に1時間維持して重合をさらに進行させ、ついで冷却して、固形分濃度15%のPVA−(b)−p−メタクリル酸アミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドブロック共重合体水溶液を得た。得られた水溶液の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、400MHzでの1H−NMR測定に付した結果、メタクリル酸アミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド単位の変性量は10モル%であった。また、B型粘度計で測定した4%水溶液粘度は18ミリPa・s(20℃)であった。
カチオン性基含有単量体の種類と仕込み量、重合開始剤の使用量などの重合条件を表2に示すように変化させた以外はP−1と同様の方法により、P−2〜P−5を得た。得られたポリマーの物性を、表2に示す。
カチオン性基含有単量体の種類と仕込み量、重合開始剤の使用量などの重合条件を表2に示すように変化させた以外はP−1と同様の方法により、固形分濃度15%のPVA−(b)−ビニルホルムアミドブロック共重合体水溶液を得た(得られた水溶液の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、400MHzでの1H−NMR測定に付した結果、ビニルホルムアミド単位の変性量は10モル%であった)。
P−6の濃度15%水溶液に水酸化ナトリウムを0.08mol%添加して、110度、1時間加熱することで加水分解させて、固形分濃度14%のPVA−(b)−ビニルアミンブロック共重合体水溶液を得た(得られた水溶液の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、400MHzでの1H−NMR測定に付した結果、ビニルアミン単位の変性量は10モル%であった)。また、B型粘度計で測定した4%水溶液粘度は16ミリPa・s(20℃)であった。
カチオン性基含有単量体の種類と仕込み量、重合開始剤の使用量などの重合条件を表2に示すように変化させた以外はP−1と同様の方法により、固形分濃度15%のPVA−(b)−ビニルピリジンブロック共重合体水溶液を得た(得られた水溶液の一部を乾燥した後、重水に溶解し、400MHzでの1H−NMR測定に付した結果、ビニルピリジン単位の変性量は10モル%であった)。
P−8の水溶液を、縦270mm×横210mmのアクリル製のキャスト板に流し込み、余分な液、気泡を除去した後、50℃のホットプレート上で24時間乾燥させることにより、皮膜を作製した。こうして得られた皮膜を、ヨウ化メチルの蒸気中、室温下で10時間処理を行いビニルピリジン部分を四級化することで、PVA−(b)−四級化ビニルピリジンブロック共重合体したフィルムを得た(得られたフィルムを重水に溶解し、400MHzでの1H−NMR測定に付した結果、四級化ビニルピリジン単位の変性量は10モル%であった)。また、濃度4%に調整した水溶液をB型粘度計で測定したところ、粘度は16ミリPa・s(20℃)であった。
攪拌機、温度センサー、滴下漏斗及び還流冷却管を備え付けた6Lセパラブルフラスコに、酢酸ビニル2156g、メタノール644g、及びメタクリル酸アミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドを25質量%含有するメタノール溶液126gを仕込み、攪拌下に系内を窒素置換した後、内温を60℃まで上げた。この系に2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.8g含有するメタノール20gを添加し、重合反応を開始した。重合開始時点よりメタクリル酸アミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドを25質量%含有するメタノール溶液400gを系内に添加しながら、4時間重合反応を行った後、重合反応を停止した。重合反応を停止した時点における系内の固形分濃度、すなわち、重合反応スラリー全体に対する固形分の含有率は24質量%であった。ついで、系内にメタノール蒸気を導入することにより、未反応の酢酸ビニル単量体を追い出し、ビニルエステル共重合体を55質量%含有するメタノール溶液を得た。
(イオン交換膜の作製)
P−1の水溶液を縦270mm×横210mmのアクリル製のキャスト板に流し込み、余分な液、気泡を除去した後、50℃のホットプレート上で24時間乾燥させることにより、皮膜を作製した。こうして得られた皮膜を、140℃で30分間熱処理し、物理的な架橋を生じさせた。ついで、皮膜を2mol/Lの硫酸ナトリウムの電解質水溶液に24時間浸漬させた。該水溶液にそのpHが1になるように濃硫酸を加えた後、0.05体積%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液に皮膜を浸漬し、25℃で24時間スターラーを用いて撹拌し、架橋処理を行った。ここで、グルタルアルデヒド水溶液としては、石津製薬株式会社製「グルタルアルデヒド」(25体積%)を水で希釈したものを用いた。架橋処理の後、皮膜を脱イオン水に浸漬し、途中数回脱イオン水を交換しながら、皮膜が膨潤平衡に達するまで浸漬させ、陰イオン交換膜を得た。
このようにして作製した陰イオン交換膜を、所望の大きさに裁断し、測定試料を作製した。得られた測定試料を用い、上記方法にしたがって、膜含水率、最大破断応力、陰イオン交換容量、動的輸率の測定、膜抵抗の測定、耐有機汚染性の測定を行った。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例1において、ブロック共重合体(P)とポリビニルアルコールPVA124((株)クラレ製)の混合比を表3に示すように変更した陰イオン交換樹脂を用い、熱処理温度及び架橋条件を表3に示す内容に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして陰イオン交換膜を作製し、評価を行った。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例1において、陰イオン交換樹脂、熱処理温度、架橋条件を表3に示す内容に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして陰イオン交換膜の膜特性を測定した。得られた測定結果を表3に示す。
実施例1において、陰イオン交換膜にネオセプタAM−1(スチレン−ジビニルベンゼン系膜;(株)トクヤマ製)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてイオン交換膜の膜特性を測定した。得られた測定結果を表3に示す。
B:アンペアメーター
C:クーロンメーター
D:ボルトメーター
E:モーター
F:スターラー
G:カソード電極
H:アノード電極
I:0.5M NaCl水溶液
J:イオン交換膜(有効膜面積8.0cm2)
K:イオン交換膜(有効面積1.0cm2)
L:白金電極
M:NaCl水溶液
N:水浴
O:LCRメーター
(イオン交換膜の作製)
P−1の水溶液を縦270mm×横210mmのアクリル製のキャスト板に流し込み、余分な液、気泡を除去した後、50℃のホットプレート上で24時間乾燥させることにより、皮膜を作製した。こうして得られた皮膜を、140℃で30分間熱処理し、物理的な架橋を生じさせた。ついで、皮膜を2mol/Lの硫酸ナトリウムの電解質水溶液に24時間浸漬させた。該水溶液にそのpHが1になるように濃硫酸を加えた後、0.05体積%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液に皮膜を浸漬し、25℃で24時間スターラーを用いて撹拌し、架橋処理を行った。ここで、グルタルアルデヒド水溶液としては、石津製薬株式会社製「グルタルアルデヒド」(25体積%)を水で希釈したものを用いた。架橋処理の後、皮膜を脱イオン水に浸漬し、途中数回脱イオン水を交換しながら、皮膜が膨潤平衡に達するまで浸漬させ、陰イオン交換膜を得た。
参考例1において、ブロック共重合体(P)とポリビニルアルコールPVA124((株)クラレ製)の混合比を表3に示すように変更した陰イオン交換樹脂を用い、熱処理温度及び架橋条件を表3に示す内容に変更した以外は、参考例1と同様にして陰イオン交換膜を作製し、評価を行った。得られた結果を表3に示す。
参考例1において、陰イオン交換樹脂、熱処理温度、架橋条件を表3に示す内容に変更した以外は、参考例1と同様にして陰イオン交換膜の膜特性を測定した。得られた測定結果を表3に示す。
参考例1において、陰イオン交換膜にネオセプタAM−1(スチレン−ジビニルベンゼン系膜;(株)トクヤマ製)を用いた以外は、参考例1と同様にしてイオン交換膜の膜特性を測定した。得られた測定結果を表3に示す。
Claims (14)
- ビニルアルコール系重合体ブロック(A)及びカチオン性基を有する重合体ブロック(B)を構成成分とするブロック共重合体(P)であって、架橋処理の施されたものを主成分として含有する陰イオン交換膜。
- イオン交換容量が、0.30meq/g以上である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の陰イオン交換膜。
- ビニルアルコール系重合体ブロック(A)及びカチオン性基を有する重合体ブロック(B)を構成成分とするブロック共重合体(P)と、重合度200〜8000、けん化度80モル%以上のビニルアルコール系重合体(Q)との混合物であって、ブロック共重合体(P)とビニルアルコール系重合体(Q)の質量比(P/Q)が3/97以上であり、架橋処理の施されたものを主成分として含有する陰イオン交換膜。
- イオン交換容量が、0.30meq/g以上である請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の陰イオン交換膜。
- ブロック共重合体(P)の溶液から得られる皮膜を、100℃以上の温度で熱処理した後、水、アルコール又はそれらの混合溶媒中で、酸性条件下においてジアルデヒド化合物による架橋処理を行い、ついで水洗処理することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の陰イオン交換膜の製造方法。
- ブロック共重合体(P)とビニルアルコール系重合体(Q)との混合物の溶液から得られる皮膜を、100℃以上の温度で熱処理した後、水、アルコール又はそれらの混合溶媒中で、酸性条件下においてジアルデヒド化合物による架橋処理を行い、ついで水洗処理することを特徴とする請求項7〜12のいずれか1項に記載の陰イオン交換膜の製造方法。
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JP2015020093A (ja) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-02-02 | 株式会社クラレ | 一体型セル対、その製造方法および電気透析スタック |
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WO2016024453A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-02-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 硝酸イオン除去用高分子機能性膜及びその製造方法、分離膜モジュール、並びに、イオン交換装置 |
CN105642136B (zh) * | 2014-11-18 | 2018-07-27 | 北京化工大学 | 一种含软段和硬段共聚物铵化交联型阴离子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN107428969A (zh) * | 2015-02-20 | 2017-12-01 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 离子交换膜 |
JP2016155110A (ja) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | 株式会社クラレ | 酸の回収方法 |
CN107694354B (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-12-29 | 乳源东阳光氟树脂有限公司 | 一种聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜表面改性方法 |
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JP2021517920A (ja) | 2018-03-12 | 2021-07-29 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 窒素含有マルチブロックコポリマー及び製造方法 |
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US8716358B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
CN102449042A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
TWI491438B (zh) | 2015-07-11 |
EP2412752A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
WO2010110333A1 (ja) | 2010-09-30 |
US9321047B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
US20120035280A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN102449042B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
KR101716168B1 (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
EP2412752A4 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
JP5715558B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
US20140200280A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
KR20120002595A (ko) | 2012-01-06 |
TW201036693A (en) | 2010-10-16 |
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