JPWO2018087945A1 - 耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品及び耐摩耗被膜の形成方法 - Google Patents
耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品及び耐摩耗被膜の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2018087945A1 JPWO2018087945A1 JP2018550019A JP2018550019A JPWO2018087945A1 JP WO2018087945 A1 JPWO2018087945 A1 JP WO2018087945A1 JP 2018550019 A JP2018550019 A JP 2018550019A JP 2018550019 A JP2018550019 A JP 2018550019A JP WO2018087945 A1 JPWO2018087945 A1 JP WO2018087945A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wear
- resistant coating
- sliding
- particle size
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
- C22C1/053—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
- F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/22—Manufacture essentially without removing material by sintering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/132—Chromium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05D2300/15—Rare earth metals, i.e. Sc, Y, lanthanides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
Description
まず、放電表面処理用の電極の形成方法について説明する。原料粉末には、NiCoCrAlY合金粉末を用いた。原料粉末には、カーペンター・パウダー・プロダクツ社のP1365−2を用いた。原料粉末の合金組成は、23質量%のCoと、17質量%のCrと、12.5質量%のAlと、0.6質量%のYと、0.8質量%のSiと、0.8質量%のMnと、残部がNiと不可避的不純物とから構成されている。原料粉末には、累積粒度分布の90%累積粒径(D90)が22μmより小さい粒径のものを使用した。
実施例として、放電加工装置を用いて基材に対して絶縁油中で放電表面処理を行って、基材の表面に耐摩耗被膜を形成した。基材については、Ni合金で形成した。図7は、電極と、基材との間にパルス状の放電を発生させるときの放電パルス電流の波形を示す図である。放電条件については、電極と、基材との間に供給する放電パルス電流の波形の初期部分のピーク電流値Ipを30Aあるいは40Aとし、中期以降部分のピーク電流値Ieを1Aから25Aで調整し、放電パルス電流のパルス幅teを2μsから30μsで調整した。また、休止時間については64μsとした。電極を用いて基材に放電表面処理したところ、基材の表面に、耐摩耗被膜を形成可能であることがわかった。耐摩耗被膜の膜厚については、300μmから400μmとした。
放電表面処理で形成した耐摩耗被膜について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した。図8は、放電表面処理で形成した耐摩耗被膜の断面におけるSEM写真である。耐摩耗被膜は、基材の表面に積層した金属粒子と、金属粒子の表面を覆うようにして形成された第1酸化物層と、から構成されていた。金属粒子は、樹枝状に形成されていた。
放電表面処理で形成した耐摩耗被膜の耐酸化性について評価した。酸化試験については、大気雰囲気中、1100℃で100時間、連続して曝露する連続酸化試験を行った。連続酸化試験後の耐摩耗被膜について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した。図9は、連続酸化試験後の耐摩耗被膜の断面におけるSEM写真である。連続酸化試験後の耐摩耗被膜は、基材の表面に積層した金属粒子と、金属粒子の表面を覆うようにして形成された第1酸化物層と、第1酸化物層で覆われた金属粒子同士の間に形成された第2酸化物層と、から構成されていた。
次に、実施例における放電表面処理で形成した耐摩耗被膜についてフレッティング摩耗試験を行い、高温での耐摩耗特性を評価した。図14は、フレッティング摩耗試験を説明するための図である。フレッティング摩耗試験では、上側治具A及び下側治具Bの各々摺動面に、上記と同様の放電表面処理により耐摩耗被膜を形成し、上側治具Aと下側治具Bとの摺動面を対向させて面圧を負荷し、矢印で示す方向に振幅させて摩耗量を評価した。
Claims (8)
- 耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
摺動部品と、
前記摺動部品の摺動面に設けられる耐摩耗被膜と、
を備え、
前記耐摩耗被膜は、
前記摺動面に積層されており、Niと、Coと、Crと、を含む金属粒子と、
前記金属粒子の表面を覆い、主成分がAl酸化物で構成され、Y酸化物を含む第1酸化物層と、
を有している、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 請求項1に記載の耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
前記耐摩耗被膜は、前記第1酸化物層で覆われた金属粒子同士の間に形成され、主成分がCr酸化物で構成される第2酸化物層を有している、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 請求項1に記載の耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
前記金属粒子は、更に、Al及びYの少なくとも一方を含む、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 請求項2に記載の耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
前記金属粒子は、更に、Al及びYの少なくとも一方を含む、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
前記摺動部品は、ガスタービン部品である、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 請求項5に記載の耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品であって、
前記ガスタービン部品は、Zノッチを含むシュラウド部を有するタービン翼であり、
前記耐摩耗被膜は、前記Zノッチの摺動面に設けられている、耐摩耗被膜を備えた摺動部品。 - 耐摩耗被膜の形成方法であって、
放電表面処理用の電極を形成する電極形成工程と、
前記電極と、摺動部品との間に放電を発生させて放電表面処理し、前記摺動部品の摺動面に、耐摩耗被膜を形成する放電表面処理工程と、
を備え、
前記電極形成工程は、
Niと、Coと、Crと、Alと、Yと、を含む合金からなる原料粉末を粉砕して、平均粒径が8μm以下の大粒径粉末と、粒径が3μm以下の小粒径粉末と、を形成する電極粉末形成工程と、
前記大粒径粉末と、前記小粒径粉末とを混合して造粒し、造粒粉末を形成する造粒工程と、
前記造粒粉末を圧縮成形し、圧粉体を成形する圧縮成形工程と、
前記圧粉体を加熱して焼成し、焼結体からなる前記電極とする焼成工程と、
を有する、耐摩耗被膜の形成方法。 - 請求項7に記載の耐摩耗被膜の形成方法であって、
前記焼成工程は、前記圧粉体を750℃以上1000℃以下で焼成する、耐摩耗被膜の形成方法。
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