JPWO2015019953A1 - 固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Pt] CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012050 conventional carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008155 medical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H01M4/923—Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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Abstract
Description
純度96wt%の濃硫酸30mlと、SO3含有率25vol%の発煙硫酸30mlに、市販のPtCo/Carbon触媒(TEC36F52HT2、田中貴金属工業株式会社製)3gを浸漬させ、液温40℃で8時間攪拌して、スルホン化させた。このPtCo/Carbon触媒は、Pt:Co=2.2:1、白金−コバルト粒子の平均粒径4.2nmであり、炭素粉末の比表面積800m2/gである。この触媒をスルホン化させた後、ろ過し、70℃のイオン交換水4L中に浸漬して30分間攪拌して、再度ろ過する洗浄工程を行い、未反応の硫酸及び発煙硫酸を除去した。この洗浄工程は、洗浄水が中性となるまで繰り返し行った。洗浄後は、60℃の空気中で一晩乾燥させた後、乳鉢で粉砕してスルホン化触媒を得た。以上のスルホン化触媒について、下記各種分析を行った。また、使用する薬液や加熱を、表1の条件で行いスルホン化した触媒についても、同様に分析した。
上記で得られたスルホン化触媒について、滴定法により、スルホ基(−SO3H)、カルボキシル基(−COOH)等の強酸性官能基を定量した。カーボン換算で0.25gのスルホン化触媒(約0.5g)に、イオン交換水55mlを投入し、10分間攪拌後、2分間超音波分散を行った。この触媒分散液をろ過した後、ろ液を窒素ガスでパージしたグローブボックスへ移動させ、ろ液に対し窒素ガスを10分間バブリングした。滴定は、0.1mol/Lの炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を過剰に投入した後、0.1mol/Lの塩酸で中和滴定し、中和点から官能基量を定量した。炭酸の酸解離定数(pKa)は6であり、炭酸水素ナトリウムはpKaが6より小さい強酸性官能基と中和反応するからである。そして、この滴定で投入した塩基量、及び消費した塩酸の量より、触媒表面の強酸性官能基量を算出した。尚、中和点の確認には、pHメーターを使用し、pH4.5を中和点とした。
スルホン化触媒中の硫黄量(ppm)は、自動ハロゲン・硫黄分析システム(SQ−10電気炉及びHSU―35型吸収ユニット、ヤナコ機器開発研究所製)及びイオンクロマトグラフィー(東亜ディーケーケー製)により測定した。スルホン化触媒0.05gを電気炉にて、流速2.2l/minでAirを流通しながら、常圧で450℃から750℃まで昇温させて5分間保持した後、900℃まで昇温させて5分間保持した。燃焼過程で発生した硫黄成分(二酸化硫黄SO2)を含む燃焼分解ガスを、過酸化水素水で溶解捕集し、イオンクロマトグラフィーで硫酸イオン(SO4 2−)を分離・定量した。得られた硫黄濃度(ppm)の測定値より、スルホ基(−SO3H)換算で触媒1gあたりのスルホ基のモル量(mmol/g−catalyst)を算出した。
上記実施例及び比較例の触媒について、燃料電池の初期性能試験を行った。この性能試験は、Mass Activityを測定することにより行った。実験には単セルを用い、プロトン伝導性高分子電解質膜を電極面積5cm×5cm=25cm2のカソード及びアノード電極で挟み合わせた膜/電極接合体(Membrane Electrode Assembly:MEA)を作製し評価した。前処理として、水素流量1000mL/min、セル温度80℃、アノード加湿温度90℃、カソード加湿温度30℃にて電流/電圧曲線を作成した。その後、本測定として、Mass Activityを測定した。試験方法は、0.9Vでの電流値(A)を測定し、電極上に塗布したPt重量からPt 1gあたりの電流値(A/g−Pt)を求めてMass Activityを算出した。表1に示す初期性能は、上記により算出したMass Activityを、スルホン化していない触媒(試験No.1−6)を1.00とした相対活性で示した。
スルホン化した触媒を、加速電圧80kV、STEMビーム径0.2nm未満、分析領域約2nmΦの円形領域で、TEM(透過型電子顕微鏡、日本電子社製Cs−corrected STEM装置、型番JEM−ARM200F)観察し、触媒粒子(Pt−Co)上の任意7点につき、日本電子社製SDD検出器、及びサーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック製Noran System7システムアナライザーのEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析)装置により、ピーク強度を、積算時間60秒間測定した。
(1)スルホン化していない触媒(Pt/カーボン触媒,田中貴金属工業社製、商品名:TEC10E50E)の触媒粒子上7点をEDX分析し、得られたスペクトルをPt標準スペクトルとした。尚、Pt標準スペクトルの測定には、触媒粒子の平均粒径がスルホン化した触媒と同程度のものを用いた。
(2)スルホン化した触媒の触媒粒子上7点をEDX分析し、得られた各スペクトルと、(1)のPt標準スペクトルとの波形の差分を各測定点ごとに算出し、硫黄ピーク強度(S−Kα強度)とした。
上記で算出した硫黄ピーク強度(S−Kα強度)と、EDXで実測した白金ピーク強度(2.0485keV付近)について、測定点7点分値の平均値を算出した(IS、IPt)。また、各測定点の硫黄ピーク強度を白金ピーク強度の平均値(IPt)で割ることにより、各測定点でのピーク強度比を算出し、この強度比について7点分の平均値を算出し、ピーク強度比(IS/IPt)とした。
Claims (4)
- 白金とコバルトとからなる触媒粒子が、炭素粉末担体上に担持されてなる固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒において、
少なくとも前記触媒粒子上にスルホ基(−SO3H)を有し、
TEM−EDX分析において、触媒粒子上における硫黄ピーク強度(IS)と白金ピーク強度(IPt)との比(IS/IPt)が、0.0044以上0.0090以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。 - 触媒粒子上及び炭素粉末担体上にスルホ基を有し、
前記触媒粒子上及び前記炭素粉末担体上において、それぞれ5点以上の測定点のTEM−EDX分析結果に基づく硫黄ピークの出現割合(硫黄ピークの出現数/全測定数×100)が、触媒粒子上(XPtCo)では55%以上であり、炭素粉末担体上(XC)では30%以下である請求項1に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。 - 炭素粉末担体上における硫黄ピークの出現割合(XC)に対する、触媒粒子上における硫黄ピークの出現割合(XPtCo)の比(XPtCo/XC)が、2.5以上である請求項2に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載された固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒を製造するための方法において、
濃硫酸と発煙硫酸とからなる混合溶液に、白金とコバルトとからなる触媒粒子が炭素粉末担体上に担持された触媒を浸漬させる工程を含み、前記混合溶液の温度は40℃以上90℃以下とする固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
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