JPS6398393A - Conversion of high temperature melting fat - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Industrial Field of Application: The present invention is suitable for use in the manufacture of soaps.
Hydrolysis of beef tallow in the presence of a small amount of coconut oil by using castor seed lipase enzyme at a low temperature of 0°C and preferably at about 37°C = 5- High temperature like high quality beef tallow characterized by The present invention relates to a method for converting fat melted into fatty acids and glycerol in high yield.

Conventional technology: In this method, the high yield of fatty acids (98% converted to fatty acids and glycerol) and low temperature make use of coconut oil or other vegetable oils, which emulsify beef tallow at lower temperatures (37°C). This is achieved by adding a small amount of The method eliminates unnecessary heat products and saves energy without resorting to undesirable additives.

The mixture of fatty acids and glycerol is free of undesirable foreign substances. This is because the additives in coconut oil are also hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol.

Soap is generally produced by saponifying high quality beef tallow with an alkali. This is a reaction carried out at high temperatures that has become expensive in recent years due to the rapid increase in fuel costs. Therefore, low temperature reactions were developed and enzymatic hydrolysis using lipases was investigated as an alternative to alkaline saponification methods.

Optimal conditions for lipase reactions are generally emulsification at 37°C. Unfortunately, the problem is the fact that some fats, such as high quality beef tallow, do not begin to melt until at least 41°C to 50°C. Therefore, fats do not form emulsions in water at 37°C unless additives are added.

It is clear for the reasons mentioned above that the yield of fatty acids in systems containing only tallow and water and lipase preparations is always low or not reported. Journal of Moskovice et al.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry (
J, Agric, Food Che+n,).

Dan, 1146 (1977). Constantine (Co
Biochim, etc. Biochim, etc.
ys, 8eta) 1, 103 (1960>, Rals't-on) fatty acids and their derivatives 1
1F1.274-279.

Wiley (1948). Barry (
11al-ey) etc. Journal of American
Cumical Society (j, ^n+, Che+n, Sa
c), 43.

2664 (1921).

Increasing the temperature of the lipase reaction does not solve this problem, as the safety of lipase decreases rapidly as the temperature increases.

For example, pancreatic lipase loses 36% of its activity after 10 minutes at 50'C. This is because enzymes denature when the temperature is raised.

In an attempt to overcome this problem, just by adding metal additives such as calcium and magnesium salts, the reaction system was improved and indeed gave higher yields. This method uses Constantine (C.

n-5 tantin) etc. (mentioned above), Aljur (A
Federation Proc (ltsch-ul) et al., 18,
180 (1959) Kokusho et al. Japanese Patent Publication No. 79°95.607 <1.979
> Biochimica such as Benzo-nana Biochim
, Biophys, Acta), 164.

47 (1968). However, the metal soap formed by this reaction is a hard soap with insufficient foaming and cleaning properties. Haley et al. (supra) added petroleum ether as a solvent for the fat to provide better physical contact between the enzyme and the substrate (tallow) to improve or accelerate hydrolysis. However, this method poses considerable danger because the solvent is highly explosive.

Since solid fats are very difficult to emulsify, research on the selection of emulsifiers for natural (solid) fats has been carried out by Lobreva et al., Micro-biologiya, with the intention of increasing lipolysis.

8.53 (1979).

The emulsifier disclosed herein for the breakdown of animal fats such as lard, tallow and lamp fat is Triton X-10.
0, Triton X-305, egg white.

Gelatin, gum arabic, lecithin and Tween-60
It is. Not all of these emulsifiers were able to successfully emulsify beef tallow. In the lipolysis reaction using this method, fatty acids and glycerol could not be obtained in high yields.

Furthermore, the emulsifiers mentioned have the disadvantage of contributing undesirable substances to the hydrolysis mixture.

The use of castor seed lipase in the decomposition of fats and their preparation is disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,485,779 and is well known to those skilled in the art.

That is, ground castor seeds, solvent extracted at temperatures not exceeding 120 degrees Fahrenheit, are used for the partial hydrolysis of fish oil. Powdered castor seed kernels extracted with diethyl ether are prepared using Maslo-7hir, Bromst, Trosko, etc.
rone-stL 1977, 27 and Prinkl Biochem Micropaiol (HeerOVl) etc.
, Biochem, Mikrobiol), 12
, 934 (1976) for the hydrolysis of sunflowers. Castor seed lipase was prepared by centrifugation of the grain homogenate in the presence of a saturated salt aqueous solution to a fat layer that was extracted with ether, as disclosed by Aldjoul et al. (supra). It has been used to hydrolyze emulsions of cotton seed oil, monoolefins and diolefins, castor oil, and cotton seed oil. Ilaley et al. (supra) discloses a method for preparing castor bean lipase by extracting the grain with hydrolyzed petroleum ether of fats and oils.

Ralston (1948), in Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives P, 276 (1948), added a small amount of active salts such as acetic acid or sulfate for use in the hydrolysis of fats containing 40-50% water. Various variants of the method for preparing active lipase from castor seeds are disclosed for use in the presence of.

A common method is to grind the threshed seeds in water, filter the solids, and centrifuge to create an emulsion.

One variation of this method is to grind the dried seeds in cottonseed oil and centrifuge the mixture. Another method is to extract the softened seeds with petroleum ether,
By drying, pulverizing, and sieving the product, the product retains its original activity for more than 10 years.

However, melting at high temperatures such as tallow using non-stereospecific animal lipases or plant lipases, particularly castor seed lipase, in the presence of vegetable oil emulsifiers such as coconut oil at acidic pH and temperatures below 50°C. There is no disclosure of hydrolyzing fats at low temperatures.

Means to solve the problem: Low temperature enzymatic hydrolysis of high temperature melting fats such as beef tallow can be performed using non-stereospecific animal lipase or plant lipase enzymes such as castor seed, as well as coconut oil. It is now known that the aforementioned mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil can be almost quantitatively hydrolyzed to give fatty acids and glycerol free of undesirable foreign substances, although this is done using a vegetable oil emulsifier such as oil. There is.

Neutralization with sodium hydroxide produces high-quality soap (i.e., free from foreign substances).

Therefore, high-temperature melting fats such as high-quality beef tallow can be hydrolyzed in high yields to fatty acids and glycerol in the presence of vegetable oil emulsifiers using non-stereospecific lipases such as castor seed lipase at low temperatures. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining.

Another object of the present invention is to convert high-temperature tallow into fatty acids and glycerol in high yields by hydrolyzing a mixture of tallow and a small amount of coconut oil at low temperatures with castor seed lipase enzyme. The goal is to provide the following.

It is also an object of the present invention to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis to convert the mixture of high-melting fat and low-melting vegetable oil into a reaction mixture of fatty acids and glycerol free of undesirable substances, namely thermal products and additives. The purpose is to provide a method.

Another object of the present invention is to hydrolyze tallow and coconut oil into fatty acids (and glycerol) and neutralize the fatty acids with hydroxide thorium, sulfur/lium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate to prepare soap. The aim is to provide an enzyme system for producing

Further objects and advantages will be apparent from consideration of the following description, and will be apparent in part to those skilled in the art who attempt the following. Or perhaps it will be understood by actually putting this invention into practice.

The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the devices and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In order to achieve the above and other objects according to the present invention as specifically and broadly described herein, the process of converting high temperature melting fats into fatty acids and glycerol comprises about 25 to 50 Vegetable oil preferably in a proportion by weight of about 10 to 25% of beef tallow melts at high temperatures in aqueous solution using non-stereospecific animal or plant lipase enzymes at a pH of about 4 to 5.5, preferably at 37°C. is characterized by hydrolyzing an emulsified mixture of coconut oil and recovering the final reaction mixture consisting of fatty acids, glycerol and lipase. The mixture is thoroughly agitated for a period of 2 to 48 hours to substantially complete hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerol. The final reaction mixture is free of undesirable substances and consists of three layers: a top layer of fatty acids, a middle layer of lipase mixture and a bottom layer of aqueous glycerin (sweet water). Separate these layers. The fatty acid layer is skimmed off and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, and the resulting soap is refined using methods customary to those skilled in the art of soap making. Separate the top layer and remove the glycerin.

The intermediate layer still contains 5 of the initial lipase that remains active.
It contains more than 0% and is reused after adding a small amount of new lipase.

The invention also relates to a method for producing high quality soap free of undesirable additives, characterized in that: Approximately PH at a temperature of approximately 25° to 50°C
4 to 5.5, hydrolyzing an emulsified mixture of tallow melting at high temperature in an aqueous solution and vegetable oil in a proportion of about 10 to 25% by weight using a non-stereospecific animal or vegetable lipase, completely Stirring the mixture for a certain period of time in order to hydrolyze the fatty acids and glycerol into glycerol, which is axiomatically free of fatty acids and neutralize the fatty acids with an alkaline substance so that they are free from undesirable adducts. This is a characteristic of making soap. More specifically, the final reaction mixture consists of three layers: a top layer of fatty acid, a middle layer of lipase mixture, and a bottom layer of aqueous glycerin solution.

The method then involves separating the top fatty acid debris from the final reaction mixture and neutralizing said fatty acids with a selected alkaline substance consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate; It produces sodium soap that is essentially free of foreign substances. The resulting soap and glycerin are much paler than the corresponding colors after hydrolysis of fats with sulfuric acid or saponification of fats with sodium hydroxide at high temperatures.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing high-yield fatty acids from high-temperature melting fats for use in the production of soaps free of undesirable additives.

#Adjust pH with weak acids such as acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and carboxylic acid
A 20-25% aqueous solution prepared to about 4 to 5.5,
90-7 using castor seed lipase at about 37°C.
It is characterized by reacting a mixture of 5% high-melting beef tallow and about 25% coconut oil. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 3 to 48 hours to obtain a final mixture consisting of three layers: the fatty acid on top, the lipase mixture layer in the middle, and the aqueous glycerin solution layer on the bottom, and the three scraps were separated. It is characterized by producing soap by neutralizing the above fatty acids. The middle layer contains active castor seed lipase.
Reused by way of hydrolysis.

The lipase enzyme used as a catalyst in the present hydrolysis method can be any non-stereospecific animal or plant lipase. That is, the lipase must cleave β (center carboxyl) glyceride bonds at approximately the same rate as it cleaves α (outer carboxyl) glyceride bonds. Suitable examples of non-stereospecific lipase enzymes are castor bean, Candida cylindracea, Propionibacterium acnes.
cteriun acnes), Rhizopus arrhizus, and 5taphylococcus aureus.
cusaureus), Asperigillus frapas (
Aspergi-llus flavus, Geotrichum candidum
idum). Most lipases, such as porcine pancreatic lipase, are stereospecific and therefore ineffective. Typically, the extent of hydrolysis by these enzymes does not exceed 70%, but non-stereospecific enzymes allow substantially complete hydrolysis to proceed.

The preferred lipase enzyme utilized herein is castor seed lipase (Litinus camanis).

It is insoluble in water and its activity is significantly reduced on contact with water. The enzyme is stabilized in the presence of fat. Also, it rapidly loses its activity due to alkali,
Functions only in neutral or slightly acidic media. This enzyme is activated by the presence of an acid, preferably a weak acid such as acetic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or carboxylic acid, and exhibits maximum promoting effect. Therefore, the optimal temperature for ritina lipase action is about 37°C, and the activity is lost above about 50°C. The amount of lipase used in the hydrolysis method depends on the substrate (lipids and oils) if the lipase activity < LA) is unknown.
approximately 3 to 15% by weight.

If the LA is known, approximately 10 microequivalents of ILA units are always used relative to the acid present [for methods of determining lipase activity see Bertsch (N, Pe1c).
h) and Franz (N, C, Kranz) Analytical Biochemistry (8nal Biochen)
, 112. 219-222 (1981)].

Another method that uses lipase from castor seeds in a hydrolysis reaction
One advantage is that the lipase can be recovered (separated) from the final reaction mixture and reused with new substrates (fats and oils). This possibility arises from the inherent immobility of castor seed lipase.

Castor seed lipase is not commercially available, but can be prepared as disclosed in the previous techniques discussed above. The castor bean lipase used here is prepared as follows.

First, castor seeds are threshed, intracellular oil is extracted by crushing the threshed seeds in the presence of low-boiling petroleum ether, and the residue of the crushed seeds is filtered. Next, the filtrate,
For example, the ether layer containing intracellular oil is discarded and this extraction and filtration step is repeated two or more times. The filtered pomace is then air-dried to recover the lipase preparation in the form of pomace. Another method of preparing castor seed lipase enzyme without using allergens has also been used.

This method of preparation must be taken into account due to the presence of certain allergens in castor seeds. The threshed seeds are softened in water rather than petroleum ether and then centrifuged. Separate the fat layer from the water layer and discard the water layer. This lipase is present in the internal oil, so it remains in the fat layer. The fat layer is extracted with petroleum ether and saturated sodium chloride solution. This petroleum ether contains intracellular oil,
Discard this, the saturated sodium chloride solution contains lipase in the form of particulate matter.

The optimal conditions for the expression of lipase activity in castor seeds are approximately 25 to 50°C, preferably 37°C, and a pH of 4 to 5.
It is 5. A dilute acid such as 0.1N acetic acid or other weak acid is added to bring the pH to approximately 5.0. The amount of castor seed lipase enzyme used in the hydrolysis process must be sufficient to be effective in completely converting the tallow and coconut oil mixture into fatty acids and glycerol. The amount of triglyceride mixture is about 3 to 1 by weight
An amount of 5%, preferably 10% is used.

coconuts, corn, dice, flax seeds, olives,
It has been unexpectedly revealed that by replacing vegetable oils such as coconut oil with beef tallow, which melts at high temperatures, the tallow can be emulsified at a lower temperature, around 37 degrees Celsius.

This lipase enzyme hydrolyzes the emulsified tallow and vegetable oil mixture almost quantitatively at lower temperatures, resulting in energy savings. Vegetable oils such as coconut oil can also be hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol. Therefore, there are no unwanted foreign substances present in this reaction;
Sufficiently pure soap can be obtained by neutralizing the fatty acids with sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Coconut oil weighs less in the mixture than beef tallow. The weight ratio of beef tallow to vegetable oil is about 25 to 10% vegetable oil to about 75 to 9
It is 0%.

The numbers in Table ■ are for a mixture of commercial quality edible beef tallow and coconut oil, which is the same ratio used in soap, but under the above conditions, this mixture is about 98% hydrolyzed into fatty acids. It shows that it has become. This is in clear contrast to results reported in the literature (Haley et al., supra). This literature reports that although beef tallow reacted with lipase from castor seeds, only about 3% was hydrolyzed (Table ■). In the latter case coconut oil was not present. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that the addition of coconut oil converts high-temperature beef tallow to fatty acids in unexpectedly high yields. It is believed that coconut oil lowers the melting point of tallow sufficiently to form an emulsion at 37°C.

Olive oil (control) 186-196 185
83:17 Beef tallow: Coconut oil 203-213 2030
The saponification value is the weight (mg) of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1 g of fat, and indicates the degree of hydrolysis of fat and oil.

24 2, 8 48 2, 872
The 2.8 Ken strength value is based on the literature [M,
Apple white (L Applewhite),
Kirk-Otht+tr, Encycle, Che
l.

Tech, 3rd edition, vol. 9, p. 795 (1980)
] Determined by the usual method described in .

The saponification method used here has the following characteristics. 2 to 3 g of sample in a covered flask.
Add absolute ethanol and steam bath (50-60℃)
Add 50 mg of 0.5N alcoholic potassium hydroxide standard solution and boil for 1 hour. Next, the saponification value can be determined by adding a phenolphthalein indicator and titrating with a 0.5N hydrochloric acid standard solution until the pink color disappears.

Saponification of fats and oils was carried out on four substrates without the addition of lipase to determine the maximum yield of soap obtained from fats and oils. Triolefin and olive oil are used as standards in the literature. Beef tallow and coconut oil are the ingredients of the soap prepared here.

The values in Table ■ indicate that the observed results are in fairly good agreement with the literature values for the two standards and coconut oil, but lower for beef tallow.

Table ■ Triolefin 189 (calculated value) 190 Olive oil 186-196 182 Beef tallow
193-202 1
73 coconut oil 250-264 2
53 The advantages of the enzymatic hydrolysis method of the present invention are multifaceted. Fatty acids and glycerol are obtained in high yields, with approximately 98% conversion. The use of low temperatures resulted in considerable cost savings. Utilizing vegetable oils such as coconut oil that are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol provides fatty acids and glycerol free of undesirable additives.

The above fatty acids include sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate,
Neutralization with sodium bicarbonate yields pure = 25- soap. This low-temperature hydrolysis reaction requires little use of energy and therefore causes little pollution of the atmosphere.

The use of low reaction temperatures in this method results in fewer undesirable heat products and lighter colors.

The following examples are detailed illustrations of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Take 60g of castor kernels. Low boiling point (30 to 60℃)
Grind the threshed fruit using a Waring blender in 600 mfJ of petroleum ether. This ether is used to extract intracellular oil from the fruit. Filter and discard the filtrate. Repeat extraction and filtration two or more times.

Air dry the crude lipase preparation.

And Cocona Soil Mu's own 40 Kouno lipase preparation! Mix PlJ1.67 () with 16.7!II, an 83:17 mixture of high temperature beef tallow and coconut oil, and 10 cc of 0,1N acetic acid.The final mixture consists of the top fatty acid and middle lipase mixture and It consists of three layers of sweet water (aqueous glycerin solution) on top.The fatty acid layer is skimmed off and neutralized with sodium hydroxide or with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, and the resulting soap is used in the standard soap making process. The method is purified by a person skilled in the art. The top layer is separated and the glycerin is removed. The middle layer, which still retains more than 50% activity of the original lipase, is reused after adding a small amount of fresh lipase.

Analysis of the degree of hydrolysis is a reaction mixture! PI33.4(]
Anhydrous alcohol 1001 is added to the solution, and the pH is adjusted to 9.5 with 0.1N potassium hydroxide alcohol.

The result is a 98% conversion to fatty acids and glycerol.

60 q of threshed castor seeds are softened in water and centrifuged. Separate the fat layer from the water layer and discard the water layer. The fat layer is extracted with low boiling petroleum ether (30-60°C) and saturated sodium chloride solution.

Discard the petroleum ether and the sodium chloride solution contains the lipase in the form of particulate matter. 0.6 of this particulate matter
7 g are used to hydrolyze a mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil according to the method of Example 1. Virtually complete hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerol.

Beef tallow, which once melts at a high temperature, melts at a temperature of about 42°C and becomes liquid. Mix liquid beef tallow with coconut oil in a weight ratio of 80:20. Lipase Preparation 1.67 of Example 1
g of a mixture of liquid fat and coconut oil (I
and mixed with 10 cc of 0.1N acetic acid at 37° C. for about 24 hours. Substantially complete hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerol proceeds.

Other weak acids can be substituted for acetic acid, such as phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid or carboxylic acids.

Low melting fats such as mutton tallow, industrial beef tallow, lard and butter are used in the present lipase hydrolysis process.

Also, other vegetable oils such as corn, dice, linseed, olive and palm oils are substituted for coconut oil in this example.

It will be understood that the foregoing has been set forth merely as an illustrative method and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The above "concepts" are merely for the convenience of the engineer and do not bear any weight in terms of the invention.

December 7, 1985 Kunio Ogawa, Commissioner of the Patent Office1, Indication of the case, Patent Application No. 233633 of 19882, Name of the invention, Method for converting high temperature melting fat 3, Relationship with the amended person case Patent Applicant Address Name: Cordate ψPalmolive Company 4, Agent (Attachment) ``1. The scope of the claims is amended as follows.

(D) An emulsified mixture of high-temperature beef tallow and vegetable oil in a weight ratio of about 75-90% beef tallow to about 25-10% vegetable oil is prepared using a non-stereospecific animal or vegetable lipase in an aqueous medium. Temperature of 25-5o0c, pal about 4-5.
A method for converting hot-melting fats into fatty acids and glycerol in high yields, comprising hydrolyzing under the conditions of 5 and recovering the final reaction mixture consisting of fatty acids, glycerol and lipase.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is agitated for a sufficient period of time, from about 3 to 48 hours, to effect substantially complete hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerol.

(3) Claim 2 in which the vegetable oil is coconut oil
The method described in section.

(4) The method according to claim 3, wherein the mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil is in a weight ratio of 83:17.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the lipase comprises about 3 to 15% by weight of the tallow and vegetable oil mixture.

(6) The lipase enzyme is found in castor seeds, Candida cylindracea (Candida cylindracea).
), Propionibacterium acnes (Propio
nibacteriumacnes), Rbizopusarrhizus,
Staphylococcus aureus (5taphyloc)
occus aureus), Aspergillus flavus, Geotrichum candidum
idum), the method according to claim 2.

(7) Lipase enzyme threshes castor seeds, crushes the threshed seeds in the presence of low-boiling petroleum ether to extract lipase from the seeds, filters the crushed seeds, and further extracts and filters this lipase. 7. The method according to claim 6, which is prepared by a series of operations of repeatedly air-drying the filtered lipase to recover dried castor seed lipase.

(8) Enzymes soften the threshed seeds in water, centrifuge the mixture to obtain a fat layer and a water layer, separate the fat layer from the water layer, and remove the fat layer with petroleum ether and saturated sodium chloride solution. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the lipase of castor seeds is prepared by extracting the lipase with sodium chloride solution and recovering the lipase from a sodium chloride solution.

(9) Approximately 25 to 5 in the presence of a nonstereospecific lipase enzyme
An emulsified mixture of hot melt beef tallow and about 10-25% vegetable oil is hydrolyzed in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 0° C. and a pH of about 4-5.5, substantially completely hydrolyzed to form fatty acids and glycerol. A process for the production of high-quality soap, characterized in that the mixture is stirred for a period of time to obtain , the glycerol is separated from the fatty acids, and the said fatty acids are neutralized with an alkali to produce a soap free of undesirable additives. .

(10) The method according to claim 9, wherein the alkali neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. (11) The lipase enzyme is castor bean lipase. A method according to certain claim 9.

(12) Claim 7.8 wherein the castor bean lipase is separated from fatty acids and glycerol and recycled for use in hydrolyzing a fresh mixture of fats and oils.
．． The method according to any of Item 11.

(13) The method according to claim 9, wherein the vegetable oil is coconut oil.

(11) pI (approximately 20
A mixture of high-temperature melting beef tallow and coconut oil in a weight ratio of about 90-75% beef tallow to about 10-25% coconut oil is reacted with castor lipase at a temperature of about 37°C in ~50% water. The reaction mixture was heated to about 3 to 4 mL to obtain a final reaction mixture consisting of two layers: a top layer of fatty acid, a middle layer of lipase mixture, and a bottom layer of aqueous glycerin.
stirring for a period of time, separating the top layer from the other layers, and neutralizing the above fatty acids with a sodium salt selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate to form a soap. A method for hydrolyzing high-temperature melting fats into fatty acids in high yields for use in producing soaps free of undesirable adducts characterized by:

15. Process according to claim 14, characterized in that (I5) the interlayer containing active castor bean lipase is reused in the hydrolysis process.

(16) The method according to claim 14, in which water is made acidic with a weak acid.

(17) The method according to claim 16, wherein the weak acid is citric acid.

(18) The method according to claim 14, wherein fatty acids are neutralized with sodium hydroxide. "that's all

Claims (18)

[Claims] (1) An emulsified mixture of high-temperature melting beef tallow and vegetable oil in a weight ratio of about 75-90% beef tallow to about 25-10% vegetable oil is prepared in an aqueous solution using a non-stereospecific animal or plant lipase. Temperature of 25 to 50°C, pH of about 4 to 5.
5. A method for converting hot melt fats into fatty acids and glycerol in high yields, comprising hydrolyzing under the conditions of 5 and recovering the final reaction mixture consisting of fatty acids, glycerol and lipase. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is agitated for a sufficient period of time, from about 3 to 48 hours, to effect substantially complete hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerol. (3) The method according to claim 2, wherein the vegetable oil is coconut oil. (4) The method according to claim 3, wherein the mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil is in a weight ratio of 83:17. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the lipase comprises about 3 to 15% by weight of the tallow and vegetable oil mixture. (6) The lipase enzyme is found in castor seeds, Candida cylindracea (Candida cylindracea).
), Propionibacterium acnes (Propion
-bacterium acnes), Rhizopus arrhizus, Staphylococcus aureus
us aureus), Aspergillus flavus (As
pergillus flavus), Geotrichum candidum
A method according to claim 2 obtained from. (7) Lipase enzyme threshes castor seeds, crushes the threshed seeds in the presence of low-boiling petroleum ether to extract lipase from the seeds, filters the crushed seeds, and further extracts and filters the lipase. 7. The method according to claim 6, which is prepared by a series of operations of repeatedly air-drying the filtered lipase to recover dried castor seed lipase. (8) Enzymes soften the threshed seeds in water, centrifuge the mixture to obtain a fat layer and a water layer, separate the fat layer from the water layer, and remove the fat layer with petroleum ether and saturated sodium chloride solution. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the lipase is a castor seed lipase prepared by extracting the lipase with a sodium chloride solution and recovering the lipase from a sodium chloride solution. (9) Hydrating an emulsified mixture of hot melt beef tallow and about 10 to 25% vegetable oil in an aqueous solution at a temperature of about 25 to 50°C and a pH of about 4 to 5.5 in the presence of a nonstereospecific lipase enzyme. The mixture is stirred for a period of time to decompose and substantially completely hydrolyze to obtain fatty acids and glycerol, separating the glycerol from the fatty acids and neutralizing said fatty acids with alkali to free them from undesirable additives. A high-quality soap manufacturing method that is characterized by making soap that is free of soap. (10) The method according to claim 9, wherein the alkali neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate. (11) The method according to claim 9, wherein the lipase enzyme is castor seed lipase. (12) A method according to any of claims 7, 8 and 11, wherein the castor bean lipase is separated from fatty acids and glycerol and used again to hydrolyze the fresh mixture of fats and oils. . (13) The method according to claim 9, wherein the vegetable oil is coconut oil. (14) Approximately 20% acidified with a pH of approximately 4 to 5.5
A mixture of high-temperature melting beef tallow and coconut oil in a weight ratio of about 90 to 75% beef tallow to about 10 to 25% coconut oil is reacted with castor bean lipase at a temperature of about 37° C. in 50% water from 3. The reaction mixture was stirred for approximately 3 to 48 hours to obtain a final reaction mixture consisting of two layers: a top layer of fatty acid, a middle layer of lipase mixture, and a bottom layer of aqueous glycerin; free from undesirable adducts, characterized in that the above fatty acids are neutralized with a sodium salt selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate to produce a soap. A method of hydrolyzing high-yield fatty acids from high-temperature melting fats used in the production of soap. (15) The method according to claim 14, wherein the intermediate layer containing active castor bean lipase is reused in a hydrolysis process. (16) The method according to claim 14, in which water is made acidic with a weak acid. (17) The method according to claim 16, wherein the weak acid is citric acid. (18) The method according to claim 14, wherein the fatty acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide.