JPS63276509A - Method and appratus for regeneration of resin-metal composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable regeneration at high yield, by cooling a composite material comprising waste materials to or below a brittleness temperature, pulverzing the cooled composite material, and separating and sorting the pulverized materials. CONSTITUTION:Braid wastes are chopped by a cutter 1 into pellets, which are introduced into a low-temperature cooler 10. A resin portion of the pelletized composite material is cooled to or below the brittleness temperature of the resin of about -40 deg.C, is then thrown into an impact-type crusher 20, in which it is crushed by a rotary hammer. Next, a mixed product comprising metallic materials resin particles thus obtained is fed to a separator-sorter 30, in which stainless steel particles are removed under attraction by a magnetic separator 32, then the remaining resin particle portion is delivered to a vibrating screen device 34, to be sorted. A metallic piece portion thus separated and extracted is recovered as a regenerated material, whereas a particulate resin portion is washed with water, and is dried to be recovered as a particulate regenerated product.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating and crushing a composite waste product made of a metal material and a resin material so that both materials can be reused.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, as the usage rate of composite materials of metal and resin has increased in the automobile industry, the amount of composite materials being discarded has also increased significantly, to the extent that its disposal has become a social issue.
In reality, these regeneration processes are hardly performed.

When attempting to recover metal materials from the above-mentioned composite materials by incineration, it is necessary to overcome numerous obstacles such as pollution prevention equipment due to the chlorine gas generated from the PVc resin. Furthermore, even if a separation method using pulverization is used, recovery processing becomes difficult in terms of economy and separation performance. Therefore, the development of a recycling treatment method with a high recovery rate for waste composite materials is currently desired.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a recycling method and apparatus for recovering individual metals and resin materials with high yield from waste materials of integrally molded composite materials consisting of metal materials and resin materials. There is a particular thing.

The above-mentioned recovery processing method involves shredding the waste composite material in advance to a desired size, and then crushing it into fine particles using a pulverizer to obtain a mixed product in which metal particles and resin particles are separated and mixed. It is important to cool the resulting composite material mass to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature of the resin material, maintain it at a low temperature in which the resin material part can easily separate from the metal material part, and then pulverize it.

When the metal part of the composite material is a magnetic metal, such as an iron alloy, a magnetic separation means is used to minimize metal powder contamination in the resin material particle group to be recovered and recycled, and at the same time to improve the quality of the recovered metal part. The method is to separate and collect magnetic metal particles. In addition, when the composite material is made of a non-magnetic metal such as an aluminum alloy, the above-mentioned granulated mixture is separated by using a liquid having a specific specific gravity as a dispersion medium and utilizing the specific gravity difference between the resin material and the non-magnetic metal material. Separation and sorting measures are taken. The above-mentioned separation means using the difference in specific gravity is also intended to be applied to each composition resin material particle group consisting of a plurality of types of resin materials.

[Means for solving problems]

The waste composite material collection and treatment method and apparatus thereof according to the present invention consist of the following steps and apparatus.

This method involves cutting a composite material made of discarded metal materials and resin materials into pieces of appropriate size and forming them into chunks, which are then cooled in a low-temperature cooling device to below the brittle temperature of the composite resin material, for example -40 degrees. The adhering resin portion in the composite material is maintained in a state where it is easily peeled off from the metal portion by impact action, and the composite material in the embrittlement temperature state is charged into an impact wet crusher to obtain an atomized mixed product.

Next, the mixed product consisting of the atomized metal and resin is transferred to a magnetic separation device or a specific gravity separation device to be separated and sorted into a metal particle group and a resin particle group, and finally each of the separated particle groups is separated. A method and apparatus in which high-grade recycled resin materials and metal materials are continuously processed and recovered after being transferred to a separately installed washing tank, washed with water, guided to a drying device, and dried. It becomes. Of course, when the metal of the waste composite material contains a magnetic material such as an iron alloy, it is preferable to use a magnetic separator.

If the metal in the waste composite material is a non-magnetic metal such as an aluminum alloy, both are separated and extracted using a specific gravity separation tank that utilizes the difference in specific gravity between the resin and the non-magnetic metal. It goes without saying that this specific gravity separation tank can also be applied to mixed particle groups containing magnetic metals.

Furthermore, when the resin materials constituting the waste composite material include two or more different types of resin compositions, the above-described specific gravity separation tank can also be used to separately separate and sort these different types of resin compositions. will be carried out.

In the specific gravity difference separation method, water glass (sodium silicate) is preferably used as a separation and dispersion medium liquid, that is, a heavy liquid, and the specific gravity of the water glass solution is adjusted and set to an intermediate value between the specific gravity values of the resin materials of different compositions. be done.

Furthermore, the apparatus for carrying out the method includes a short cutting apparatus for cutting the discarded composite material made of metal material and resin material into desired size, and a short cutting device for cutting the waste composite material made of metal material and resin material into pieces, and a short cutting device for cutting the composite material into small pieces into short pieces. an embrittlement temperature cooling device for cooling to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature; an impact type crushing device for impact peeling the agglomerated composite material in the embrittlement temperature state; and a metal and resin material from the pulverized fine particle mixture. It is equipped with a separation and sorting device for separating and sorting, a washing tank for individually washing each separated metal particle group and resin particle group, and a drying installation for drying each particle group that has been washed with water. Transfer means such as conveyors are installed between each device, and the device is a composite material recycling device using a continuous flow system, in which the recycling process from cutting the waste composite material into short lengths is performed continuously. As the device for separating and sorting the metal and resin particle mixture, particularly in the case of magnetic metal materials, it is preferable to employ a magnetic separation device.

Separation and sorting means when a non-magnetic metal such as an aluminum alloy is included is achieved by a specific gravity difference separation device using a medium liquid having a specific specific gravity as a dispersed phase.

The specific gravity difference separation device can be used as a separating and sorting device when the resin materials constituting the composite material are composed of two or more different resin materials having different properties. The present invention will be described below according to embodiments shown in the drawings.

[Example] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the process flow of the processing method and apparatus according to the present invention. The diagram is shown as an example for processing and recycling molding part waste material for automobile glass window seals. The above molding parts are molded using stainless steel as a reinforcing core material, which is surrounded by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin and vinyl chloride (PVC).
It is a long sealing part that is molded with resin placed in the appropriate places. The molding waste material is shredded into lengths of about 5011 by a suitable cutting device 1 shown on the left side of FIG. The shredded composite material is stored in a charging hopper 3 via a conveyor 2. The hopper 3 is attached with an adjustable metering discharger 4, which constantly feeds a fixed amount of agglomerated composite material to the hopper transfer feeder 5 side. Furthermore, the composite material, which has passed through the transfer feeder 5 and is lifted to a high position by the magnetic lifting conveyor 6, is transferred to a metering rotary valve 8.
is introduced into the cryogenic cooling device 10 through a gravity-type slide chute 7 equipped with a. The cooling device 10 is a device for cooling the resin part of the agglomerated composite material to the resin embrittlement temperature of about -40°C or lower, and the resin that has been adhered and molded to the metal material due to the low/IA embrittlement of the resin material. The material can be effectively separated from the metal part by impact peeling action. Freon gas is used as the low-temperature refrigerant. The cooling device 10 is mainly equipped with a cooling store 15 having a large capacity space in which the internal atmosphere is always maintained at −40° C. or lower. Metering rotary valve 8
The entire outer circumferential surface of the cooling chamber 15 including and is ~40° at the right M outlet.1
4 is a fan inside the refrigerator. A plurality of cooling air blowing units 12 are individually installed on the ceiling wall of the refrigerator 15, and the air blowing units 12 are connected to each refrigerator 13 through piping. The refrigerator 13 is a refrigeration unit that operates using fluorocarbon gas as a refrigerant, and symbol M is an electric motor. Code 16, 16',
17. +1+ indicates a cooling water circulation system for the condenser of the refrigerator 13, and these pipes are attached to the cooling tower 19. The inside of the cooling tower 19 is maintained at a constant water level by a float 18, and cooling water is supplied to the condenser of each refrigerator 13 via a cooling water pump 17 and a common water pipe 16, and the high temperature water that has absorbed heat in the condenser is It is injected into the upper space of the cooling tower 19 through the return pipe 16' and is radiated and cooled by a fan. The transfer cooling cylinder 11 is rotationally driven by a drive motor 9 through a reduction gear stage.

The agglomerated composite material, which is supplied in a fixed amount from the exit of the slide chute 7 through the metering rotary valve 8, is gradually stirred and transferred from left to right through the cooling cylinder 11, while being transferred into a low-temperature atmosphere for about 2 hours.
The resin material is exposed for 0 to 30 minutes and cooled to below the embrittlement temperature of the resin material -40'C at the exit. Next, the agglomerated composite material cooled to below the embrittlement temperature is placed into an impact crushing device ff20 such as a hammer mill. 22 is a hopper provided at the charging port of the crushing device 20, and 21 is a metering rotary valve. The agglomerated composite material fed in a fixed amount per unit time is pulverized by a rotating hammer to obtain a granulated mixed product containing fine powder of coarse particles or less in the range of about 3 to 10 mesos.

Next, the mixed product consisting of a metal material containing a rust-proof core material such as the molding part and resin particles is led to a separating device 3o consisting of a separation conveyor 31 and a vibrating sieve 34, and is separated into metal parts and resin parts. are separated and extracted.

That is, the pulverized mixture fed onto the separation conveyor 31 has the non-rusting copper particles removed by suction by a plurality of magnetic separators 32 arranged on the running path of the separation conveyor.
The remaining resin particles fall into a metal piece collection box 33 placed below and are captured, and the remaining resin particles are sent to a vibrating sieve 34 where they are classified into 3 particles (usually 10 particles).
% of the coarse particles are collected into the coarse resin separation container 37 through the right coarse particle port 36, and most of the fine particle portions, which reach 90%, are taken out from the left fine particle port 35. The metal pieces separated and extracted in this way are recovered as recycled raw materials, and the fine resin particles are washed and dried in a water washing device and a drying device, which will be described later, and processed and recovered as granular recycled products. . The resin part containing fine powder separated and sorted as a fine resin part is further transferred to a cyclone unit, and the ultrafine particulate dust part is collected as a recycled powder product and packed in bags, which makes up about 90% of the residue captured in the cyclone unit. The fine resin particles with a coarse particle size are subjected to the above-mentioned washing and drying process and then packed into bags as recovered recycled products.

The above-mentioned recycling and recovery treatment of resin particles has been described for cases in which the resin material constituting the composite material consists of a single type of resin composition, but like the molding parts mentioned above, ABS resin and PVC
For composite materials in which two types of resins are used as a partial tank composition, a specific gravity separation device using a heavy liquid as a dispersion medium can be used. The device is shown in the lower half of FIG.

This method can be applied if the resin material parts constituting the composite material are partially molded with different specific gravity values. Needless to say, this separation and extraction method using the difference in specific gravity can be applied to a mixed particle group including metal particles. In order to make the explanation easier to understand, extraction of the compositional components of the two types of resin particle mixture will be described below. The particle mixture exfoliated and crushed by the crusher 20 passes through a transfer pipe 39 via a transfer means such as an air blower and reaches a cyclone separator 42 for a separation tank 41 . In the cyclone separator 42 , the fine part containing ultrafine particles that are difficult to separate and collect in the cyclone 42 is separated and discharged as dust from above and collected by a bag filter. It is dropped and charged into the stirring storage chamber 43. In the separation tank 41, a dispersion medium phase is formed using diluted water glass as a heavy liquid. If it is set to 1.25, the specific gravity is adjusted to 1.15, which is the intermediate zero specific gravity value.

Therefore, PVC resin particles having a higher specific gravity than the heavy liquid sink and float to the bottom, and ABS resin particles having a smaller specific gravity float to the upper surface layer. The particle mixture uniformly stirred in the dispersion medium is constantly supplied to the lower part of the separation tank 41 through a circumferential opening in the middle side wall of the separation tank 41. Reference numeral 44 denotes an overflow gutter for capturing floating particles provided on the outer periphery of the upper part of the side wall of the separation tank 41, and an overflow weir with a portion cut out is formed on the upper side of the side wall of the separation tank facing the overflow gutter 44. has been done. Therefore, the floating resin particles having a light specific gravity flow down into the overflow gutter 44 over the overflow weir. The water then flows down onto the drain screen feeder 47 through an outflow pipe connected to the bottom of the overflow gutter 44 . The screen feeder 47 drains and separates the overflowing dispersion medium containing light specific gravity resin particles, returns the heavy liquid medium to the circulation tank 100 to enable reuse, and collects particles wetted with the heavy liquid. The particles are sent to a cleaning tank 60 and washed with water, thereby making the particles recyclable. The cleaning tank 60 is constantly supplied with cleaning water from a cleaning water source such as a water pipe through a water conduit 63, and the group of resin particles to be cleaned fed through the screen feeder 47 is subjected to an agitation cleaning action by an agitation rotor driven by an electric motor M, and then The water overflows over an overflow weir (not shown) provided on the upper peripheral wall of the cleaning tank 60. This overflow weir maintains the water level in the cleaning tank at a constant level.

The washed granular resin parts overflowing from the washing tank 60 float in the overflowing washing water, pass through the discharge pipe 61, and fall into the second drain screen feeder 65 where only the washing water is removed. The resin particles that have been washed with water in this manner are transferred to the drying device 70 via the input conveyor 66. Since the drying device 70 completely removes attached moisture from the resin particles after washing with water by heating and drying them with hot air or the like, and recovers the resin particles as a recyclable particle group, conventional drying equipment can be used. Therefore, the drying device 70 is shown in FIG.
Although the specific structure is omitted in the drawing, in this equipment example, the interior of the drying chamber 75 is maintained at a predetermined high temperature atmosphere by heated steam, and the drained resin particles are transported inside the rotary transfer tube 72. The cleaned dry resin particles are transferred to the discharge lower 3 and stored in the collection hopper 74. The resin granules stored in the collection hopper 74 are actually further stored in a large-capacity product hopper via an air transfer blower, and after being packed into bags in fixed amounts using an attached lower weighing machine and run through a sewing machine, recycled granular resin is produced. Shipped as a product.

The above explanation describes the process of washing and drying the lightweight resin particles floating on the upper part of the liquid surface of the separation tank 41.
The cleaning and drying treatment for the group of different types of resin particles having a large specific gravity that have settled and accumulated at the bottom of the container is completed in almost the same manner as described above. In other words, different kinds of resin particles having a specific gravity larger than the specified water glass, which is the dispersion medium liquid, naturally fall into the separation tank 4 over time.
It settles and accumulates toward the bottom of 1. A drop tank 45 is installed on the left side of the stirring tank 43 in order to draw out the resin particles having a relatively large specific gravity from the bottom of the separation tank to the upper part of the outside thereof. The height of the bath outlet 46 provided in the drop tank 45 is selected to be lower than the liquid level of the separation tank 41. Therefore, the dispersion medium liquid in the separation tank 41 passes through the drop pipe 47 from the bottom outflow opening and is constantly jetted from the bath outlet 46 at a flow rate corresponding to the water head difference. This bathing fountain flow is in the separation tank 41.
It is constantly discharged into the head tank 45 with resin particles of specific gravity deposited at the bottom of the tank.

The flow rate of the dispersion medium discharged together with the resin particles into the drop tank 45 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening area of the bath outlet 46 and its height position. The dispersion medium liquid containing the high specific gravity resin particles discharged into the drop tank 45 is drained while flowing down the drain screen feeder 49 through the outflow conduit 48 and is then charged into the cleaning tank 80 for high specific gravity resin particles. , subjected to the cleaning action of fresh water. Subsequently, the drying process is carried out to produce a recycled product in almost the same manner as in the case of the low specific gravity resin particles described above.

Therefore, the processing steps after the cleaning tank 80 will be explained only by the reference numerals. 81 is a cleaning water equipment 90 containing cleaning resin particles.
This is an input conveyor for sending the materials to the The above constitutes the basic part of a specific gravity separation and sorting apparatus for a group of pulverized fine particles related to the present invention. Next, the auxiliary equipment of the separation tank will be explained. Reference numeral 100 denotes a water glass liquid circulation tank in which a dispersion medium liquid in a separation tank, that is, a water glass liquid is used as a heavy liquid in this case. The circulation tank 100 is filled with water glass liquid set to a desired specified specific gravity value. This water glass liquid is supplied from a water glass melting tank 110 by a transfer pump 111. A level switch 10'7 is installed in the circulation tank 100, and when the water level falls below the specified level, the level switch IO
T is activated, the transfer pump 111 is started, and the water glass liquid set to the specified specific gravity value is automatically replenished. Also, circulation tank 1
At the top of 00, reflux overflow weirs 102 and 103 are provided. These overflow weirs 102 and 103 allow the water glass liquid medium drained by the heavy medium liquid screen feeders 49 and 47 to flow down through the reflux pipes 104 and 105, and the medium liquid flowing down the surface layer at these overflow weirs. circulation tank 100
The overflow will be returned to the tank for reuse. Reference numeral 101 denotes a water glass liquid circulation pump which continuously supplies the medium liquid into the stirring storage tank 43 through the medium liquid transfer conduit 106.

Reference numeral 120 denotes a draining tank, and the washing process is connected to each washing tank 60 and 80. The treated water after the cleaning process will be disposed of outside, but since it naturally contains water glass components, it will be transferred to a pH adjustment tank in the subsequent process treatment (not shown).
It is discarded after being made into a neutralizing solution.

〔effect〕

The recycled product according to the present invention has the characteristics that there is no deterioration in material quality for both resin materials and metal materials, and especially for resin, the contamination rate of fine powder is low and the recovery rate is high, so that it can be used immediately as a recycled product. Furthermore, the separation method using the difference in specific gravity according to the present invention can be applied to both metals and resins, and therefore has a wide range of application. It also enables a continuous recycling process suitable for mass production, helping to reuse resources and prevent pollution.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are explanatory diagrams illustrating the processing method according to the present invention along the process flow. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Cutting machine, 10... Low-temperature cooling device, 20... Impact type crusher, 30... Separation sorting device, 34... Vibrating sieve machine, 40... Specific gravity difference separation device, 41 , 49 , 65 , 85 . . . draining screen feeder, 70 , 80 . . . drying equipment.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A process of cutting a waste composite material made of resin and metal into blocks of appropriate size, and a cooling process of cooling the agglomerated composite material at a low temperature below the embrittlement temperature of the resin; A separation and crushing step of crushing the bulk composite material in the embrittlement temperature state into a fine particle mixture by impact crushing action and peeling and separating the resin material portion from the metal material portion; A method for recycling resin and metal composite materials, comprising a separation and sorting step of separating the metal material and the resin material, and a washing and drying step of washing and drying the metal material and the resin material extracted in the sorting and separation step, respectively. 2. The regeneration processing method according to claim 1, wherein the separation and sorting step comprises a specific gravity difference separation step in which the pulverized particle mixture is introduced into a heavy liquid dispersion medium and a floatation and sedimentation separation effect based on the specific gravity of these materials is utilized. 3. In the case where the metal part of the composite material is formed from a magnetic material, the separation and sorting process of the pulverized particle mixture includes a metal separation process using magnetic attraction force for the metal particles and a vibrating sieving process for the resin particles. A reprocessing method according to claim 1, comprising: 4. Composition of the composite material When the resin part is composed of two or more types of resin parts with different specific gravity, the separation and sorting process for the resin particle mixture from which the metal particle part has been removed uses diluted water glass liquid etc. as a heavy liquid. 2. The regeneration treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the resin particle mixture is introduced into a dispersion medium and stirred, and each constituent material is separately extracted by a floating action based on the difference in specific gravity of these resin materials. 5. A cutting device that shreds the waste composite material made of resin and metal into pieces of appropriate size; a composite material cooling device that cools the agglomerated composite material to a temperature below the brittle temperature of the resin material; an impact-type crushing device for peeling and separating the agglomerated composite material in a state of temperature, a mixture separation and sorting device for separately extracting a resin part and a metal part from the crushed particle mixture, and a separate sorting device for each separately. It is characterized by comprising a washing device and a drying device for washing and drying the extracted metal particle group and resin particle group, respectively, and a transfer means such as a conveyor is provided between each of the devices and the device. Recycling processing equipment for metal and resin composite materials. 6. The mixture separation and sorting device comprises a specific gravity difference separation tank filled with a heavy liquid dispersion medium having a predetermined specific gravity value, and the separation tank is connected to the discharge port of the impact type crushing device through a transfer means. The pulverized product is arranged so as to be supplied, and the lightweight resin material can be floated and separated via an overflow weir provided above the separation tank, and materials with a high specific gravity value that have settled at the bottom of the separation tank are extracted. 6. The regeneration processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the overflow port for discharging the water is connected to the bottom opening of the separation tank and is installed at a position lower than the liquid level of the separation tank. 7. In the case where the metal part of the composite material is made of a magnetic material such as steel, the separation and sorting device is connected to a magnetic separation conveyor having a magnetic separation device on the discharge side of the crushing device, and further on the delivery side of the separation conveyor. 6. The regeneration processing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a vibrating sieve for resin for classifying and sorting the resin particle portion from which the metal particle portion has been removed.