JPS63221971A - Dynamic balancer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make any unbalance regulable in a pure mechanical manner with manual operation, by installing a first operating device for c.w. or c.c.w. rotation of a first lead screw and also a second operating device for such rotation of a second lead screw, and thereby moving each balance weight with these lead screws. CONSTITUTION:During rotation of a grinding wheel 1, a first operating device 14 is moved out of a neutral position by manual operation whereby a first lead screw 10 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise via a first ratchet wheel 12, the a balance weight 8 is moved in the plus or minus direction of an X-axis. Likewise, a second operating device 15 is moved out of the neutral position by manual operation, rotating a second lead screw 11 clockwise or counterclockwise via a second ratchet wheel 13, and a balance weight 8 is moved in the plus or minus direction of a Y-axis, thus dynamic unbalance of the grinding wheel 1 in high speed rotation is regulated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a dynamic balancer for a high-speed rotating body such as a grinding wheel (hereinafter, a grinding wheel will be explained as a representative example of a rotating body).

With the increasing precision of L-crotch grinding work, the problem of how to accurately and efficiently correct the balance of the grinding wheel is becoming increasingly important.

In recent years, there has been an increase in grinding of brittle materials, and there is an urgent need to solve the problem of how to accurately correct balance using a dynamic balance method in order to minimize the effects of unbalance. ing.

Therefore, the present inventor proposed a dynamic balancer that can be applied to grinding machines. That is, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-155642, two balance weights are provided on a grinding wheel so as to be movable in different radial directions,
The present inventor proposed a dynamic balancer for a grinding wheel, characterized in that the balance weight is moved by a stepping motor via a lead screw.

The dynamic balancer has a grinding wheel equipped with a balance weight, a lead screw, and a stepping motor. While the grinding wheel is rotating, the balance weight can be moved quantitatively and precisely using external electrical signals.
It is possible to correct minute imbalances (for example, 2.4 gfwun).

A prisoner trying to do so.

However, such conventional technology requires two expensive stepping motors, and also requires a device to control these stepping motors, which is expensive. Also,
Because it is used under harsh grinding conditions, there is a risk that the stepping motor etc. may break down due to vibration. For this reason, a dynamic balancer that is inexpensive, has a simple structure, and is difficult to break down has been desired in the field.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a dynamic balancer that is inexpensive, has a simple structure, is difficult to break down, and is easy to use in the field.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides two balance weights on a high-speed rotating body so as to be movable in orthogonal directions, and these balance weights are connected to a first lead screw and a second lead screw, respectively. connect to,
A dynamic balancer in which each of the lead screws is actuated separately to move each of the above-mentioned balance weights, a first ratchet fixed to the first lead screw, and a ratchet fixed to the second lead screw. A second ratchet, a first pair of pawls that are engageable with the first ratchet, a second pair of pawls that are engageable with the second ratchet, and the first pair of pawls are set. a first operating means, which moves one or the other of the first pair of claws by moving the first operating means in one direction or the other;
a first operating means that engages with the ratchet to rotate the first lead screw forward or reverse; and a second operating means provided with the second pair of pawls, one or the other of the second operating means. by moving one or the other of the second pair of claws to the second pair of claws.
The gist of the dynamic balancer is a second operating means that engages with the ratchet to rotate the second lead screw forward or reverse.

−〇　　− −1 See Figure 3.

A first ratchet (first ratchet wheel 12 in the embodiment) is fixed to the first lead screw 10.

A second ratchet (second ratchet wheel 13 in the embodiment) is fixed to the second lead screw 11.

A first pair of pawls 26,27 are engageable with the first ratchet. A second pair of pawls 28,29 are engageable with the second ratchet.

The first pair of claws 26 , 27 are set on the first operating means 14 . By moving the first operating means 14 to one side or the other, one or the other of the first pair of pawls 26 and 27 is engaged with the first ratchet to rotate the first lead screw 10 in the normal direction. Or it can be reversed.

The second pair of claws 28 and 29 are set on the second operating means 15. By moving the second operating means 15 to one side or the other, one or the other of the second pair of pawls 28 and 29 is engaged with the second ratchet to rotate the second lead screw 11 in the normal direction. Or it can be reversed.

The unbalance is eliminated by manually operating the first and second operating means 14 and 15 by the operator.

In a preferred embodiment of the dynamic balancer according to the invention, while the grinding wheel is rotating, the unbalance (amount and direction) is measured and two balance weights are moved in orthogonal directions to correct the unbalance. move it. Unbalance can be measured by measuring the vibration displacement of the grinding machine.

The principle of correcting imbalance is as shown in FIG.

The unbalance (amount and direction) is determined by a vibration pickup 3 attached to the spindle head 2, which uses forced vibrations generated by the unbalanced mass M of the grinding wheel 1 while it rotates in the direction of the arrow.
is detected and converted into an electrical signal. 4 is a photo sensor, 5
is a timing mirror, 6 is a synchroscope, and 7 is a vibration meter. The forced vibration is measured by a photosensor 4 for extracting a synchronization signal from the spindle side, a vibration meter 7, a synchroscope 6, and the like. The unbalance is corrected by moving two balance weights 8 and 9 that move in directions of 90° relative to each other.

The first lead screw 10 is parallel to the X-axis direction. The second lead screw 11 is parallel to the Y axis. The first lead screw 10 is provided with a balance weight 8 movable in parallel to the X-axis direction. Further, a balance weight 9 is provided on the second lead screen 1-11 so as to be movable in parallel to the Y-axis direction.

The center lines of each of the balance weights 8 and 9 are offset from the X and Y axes by a distance a, and if each weight is moved, the centrifugal force vectors in the X and Y directions will increase or decrease as follows. become.

When the X-axis balance weight 8 is moved by a distance ll1lt×1, FX-M-xl -ω2 Fy -O When the Y-axis balance weight 9 is moved by a distance 1y1, FX-〇Fy-M-yI ・ω2 In other words, This is equivalent to the balance weight 8.9 moving on the center line.

A first ratchet wheel 12 is fixed to the inner end of the first lead screw 1o. Second lead screw 11
A second ratchet wheel 13 is fixed to the inner end of the ratchet.

While the grinding wheel 1 is being rotated, the first operating means 14 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. That is, the operator manually "pulls" or "pushes" the first operating means 14 from the neutral position.This causes the first lead screw 10 to rotate forward or reverse via the first ratchet wheel 72. The balance weight 8 can be moved in the plus (+) direction or the minus (-) direction of the X-axis.

Similarly, while the grinding wheel 1 is being rotated, the second operating means 15 is moved in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG.

That is, the operator manually "pulls" or pushes the first operating means 15 1' from the neutral position.

As a result, the second lead screw 11 can be rotated forward or reverse via the second ratchet wheel 13, and the balance weight 9 can be moved in the plus (+) direction or the minus (-) direction of the Y axis. ing.

In addition, referring to FIG. 1, in the dynamic balancer of the embodiment of the present invention, counterweights 18 and 17 are respectively set at the minus side end of the X axis and the minus side end of the Y axis.

See Figure 2.

A vibration pick-up 3 of the spindle head 2 is shown. A grinding wheel 1 is attached to the main shaft 2a of the main spindle head 2. The dynamic balancer 20 is attached to the flange 2b of the main shaft 2a by screws. The case of this dynamic balancer 20 is in the shape of a hollow disc. dynamic balancer 20
A manual input section 21 is provided at the center.

FIG. 3 shows the internal structure of the dynamic balancer 20. The case 20a of the dynamic balancer 20 includes the balance weights 8, 9, the first lead screw 10. Second
lead screw 11, first ratchet wheel 12,
A second ratchet wheel 13, etc. are built-in.

The manual input section 21 described above includes a first operating means 14 and a second operating means 15. The first operating means 14 has a hollow shaft shape. A ball bearing 22 is attached to one end of the first operating means 14. Second operating means 15
is a solid shaft passing through the first operating means 14. A ball bearing 23 is attached to one end thereof. The outer diameter of this ball bearing 23 is smaller than the outer diameter of the ball bearing 22. These ball bearings 22 and 23 can be pinched by an operator's fingers while the grinding wheel 1 is rotating.

A first engaging portion 24 is provided at an intermediate portion of the first operating means 14 . This first retaining portion 24 has a first pair of claws 2.
6.27 is established. Further, a second engaging portion 25 is provided in the middle portion of the second operating means 15. This second engaging portion 25 is also provided with a second pair of claws 28 and 29. This second engaging portion 25 is connected to the elongated hole 14 of the first operating means 14.
It passes through X.

The first pair of pawls 26 and 27 are connected to the first ratchet wheel 1.
This goes hand in hand with 2. - Pair of claws 28.2 of force cylinder 2
9 meshes with the second ratchet wheel 13. The first engaging portion 24 and the second engaging portion 25 have the same structure. The structures of the first pair of claws 26.27 and the second pair of claws 28.29 are also the same.

Therefore, the structure of the second engaging portion 25 and the second pair of claws 28 and 29 will be explained with reference to FIG. This allows the first
A description of the structures of the engaging portion 24 and the first pair of claws 26 and 27 will be omitted.

The pawl 28 is attached to the shaft 30. The claw 29 is the shaft 31
installed on. The shaft 30 is attached to the second operating means 15 via a member 32. Similarly, the shaft 31 is also the member 3.
3 to the second operating means 15. A fixing portion 40 is provided in the case 20a.

A spring 38 and a ball 39 are attached to this fixed part 40. These three balls fit into the cutout portion of the second operating means 15, so that the second operating means 15 can be maintained at a neutral position. The claws 28 and 29 are each spring 3
4.35 to the second operating means 15.

A pawl retainer 36 is provided between the second ratchet wheel 13 and the pawls 28,29. This claw retainer 36 is attached to the case 20. The pawls 28, 29 extend from the pawl 37 and mesh with the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13.

In FIG. 2, the main shaft 2a is rotated to rotate the grinding wheel 1 in the direction of the arrow. If an imbalance occurs during this rotation,
That needs to be corrected.

At this time, for example, in FIG. 3, a case will be explained in which the imbalance is corrected by moving the balance weight 9 in the Y-axis direction. In this case, the ball bearing 23 of the second operating means 15
The operator grasps the outer lace with his fingers. Then, the second operating means 15 is given a "push" or "pull" action.

The second operating means 15 is moved or pulled in one direction of Y(+)-16 from the neutral position, and as a result, the balance weight 9
is moved in the Y-axis (+) direction.

This operation will be further explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.

In FIG. 5, the second operating means 15 is in a neutral position. The pawls 28 and 29 are engaged with the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13. Therefore, the second ratchet wheel is locked.

Next, in FIG. 6, the second operating means 15 is given a pulling action, the pawl 29 engages with the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13, and the pawl 28 is removed from the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13.

Accordingly, the second operating means 15 is raised in FIG. 6 and the second ratchet wheel 13 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. As a result, the balance weight 9 shown in FIG. 3 moves a predetermined amount in the Y-axis (+) direction along a guide surface (not shown) provided on the bottom surface of the case 20a.

Next, in FIG. 7, the second operating means 15 returns to the neutral position,
The pawls 28, 29 again engage the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13. In this state, the second ratchet wheel 13 is locked again.

When such an operation is continuously repeated, the second lead screw 11 shown in FIG. 3 rotates in steps. Note that the amount of movement of the second operating means 15 from the neutral position at this time is one pitch or more of the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13.

Next, in FIG. 3, when the second operating means 15 is moved from the neutral position in the direction of the arrow Y (-), or is given a "push" action, the balance weight 9 will be moved in the Y-axis (-) direction. .

In the neutral state shown in Fig. 8, the claws 28 and 29 are the first 18
- The second ratchet wheel 13 is engaged with the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13.
Ratchet wheel 13 is locked.

As shown in FIG. 9, when the second operating means 15 is given a "push" action, only the pawl 28 engages with the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13, and the pawl 29 separates from the teeth. 15 is lowered in FIG. 9, and the second ratchet wheel 13 rotates clockwise in FIG. 9. As a result, the balance weight 9 in FIG. move a predetermined amount in the direction.

Next, in FIG. 10, the second operating means 15 returns to its neutral position, and the pawls 28, 29 again engage and lock into the teeth of the second ratchet wheel 13. If this operation is repeated, the second lead screw 11 shown in FIG. 3 will rotate in steps.

= 19 − By the way, the first operating means 14 is indicated by the arrow ×(+
) direction, that is, when the first operating means 14 is subjected to a pull motion, the balance weight 8 similarly moves by a predetermined amount in the X-axis (+) direction along the guide surface of the case 20a. When the means 14 is given a movement in the arrow x (-) direction, that is, a 'push' motion, the balance weight 8 is moved by a predetermined amount in the X-axis (-) direction.

For example, to explain a specific example, the dynamic balancer of the present invention was attached to a surface grinder (spindle rotation speed: 3000 r11 m, grinding wheel shape 205 x 19 x 50 (iIll)). The dynamic balancer has an outer diameter of 10On+m and an axial width of 20IIIm. It weighs approximately 500g, and is characterized by the fact that it does not have a stepping motor or the like, making it smaller and lighter. The minimum amount of correction is 0.0 by using a balance weight of 409, each ratchet wheel (outside diameter 12 mm) divided into 90 parts, and each lead screw made of MloXl.
44 (1-111m).

The maximum correction amount is ±1011 of the movement distance of the balance weight.
40 by setting it to 11 (maximum movement distance: 201s)
It was set as 0g. The balance of the entire dynamic balancer is adjusted on a dynamic balance tester by attaching a counterweight (see Figure 1) with the balance weight in the middle position.

By the way, as a result of a performance test, it was found that it has sufficient functionality for practical use, and compared to the conventional balance method (balance type balance table, moving method of three balance weights on the flange). Balance can now be corrected efficiently. In addition, instead of driving the stepping motor, the balance weight can be moved manually while rotating from the outside, which is more practical and practical.

11 animals 1L As is clear from the above description, the dynamic balancer of the present invention does not require an expensive stepping motor, and can manually adjust unbalance during high-speed rotation. It is a purely mechanical structure with no electrical structure, is inexpensive, has a simple structure, and is difficult to break down and is extremely easy to use in the field.

This is extremely important under adverse working conditions, for example in grinding.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the outline of the dynamic balancer of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the dynamic balancer attached to the main shaft, Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of the dynamic balancer, and Fig. 4 shows the second ratchet wheel, the second operating means, and the second pair. Figures 5 through 22 are diagrams illustrating an example of the mechanism related to the claws, and Figures 8 through 7 are explanatory diagrams of the operation when the second operating means is given a pulling motion as an example. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation when a ``push'' operation is applied to the second operating means. 1...Grinding wheel 2...Spindle head 2a...Spindle 2b...7 Lunge 3...Vibration pickup 4...Photo sensor 5...Mirror 6...Synchroscope 7... Vibration meter 8...Balance weight 9...Balance weight 10...First lead screw 11...Second lead screw 12...First ratchet wheel 13...Second ratchet wheel 14...・First operating means 15...Second operating means 17...Counterweight 18...Counterweight 20...Dynamic balancer 20a...Case 21...Manual input section 22...Ball bearing 23...Ball bearing 24...First engaging part 25...Second engaging part 26...Claw 27...Claw 28...Claw 29...Claw 30...Shaft 31 ...Shafts 32, 33...Members 34, 35...Spring 36...Claw retainer 37...Hole 38...Spring 39...Ball 40...Fixed part Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] Two balance weights are provided on a high-speed rotating body so as to be movable in orthogonal directions, and these balance weights are connected to a first lead screw and a second lead screw, respectively. A dynamic balancer that operates separately to move each of the aforementioned balance weights, comprising: a first ratchet fixed to the first lead screw; a second ratchet fixed to the second lead screw; The first operating means includes a first pair of pawls that can be engaged with the first ratchet, a second pair of pawls that can be engaged with the second ratchet, and a first pair of pawls that can be engaged with the second ratchet. Then, by moving the first operating means in one direction or the other, one or the other of the first pair of claws is engaged with the first ratchet to rotate the first lead screw in the forward or reverse direction. 1 operating means, and a second operating means having the second pair of claws, the movement of the second operating means to one side or the other causes one or the other of the second pair of claws to be moved. A dynamic balancer comprising: second operating means that engages a pawl with the second ratchet to rotate the second lead screw forward or reverse.