JPS6057392A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to envelope control in electronic musical instruments.

Prior Art The entire waveform from the start to the end of sound generation, or the waveform of the rising part and part of the subsequent waveform (however, a multi-period waveform) is stored in a waveform memory, and if the former is stored, the entire waveform is read out twice. generates high-quality musical waveform signals,
When the latter is stored, a high-quality tone waveform signal is generated by reading out the entire waveform at the rising edge and then repeatedly reading out a portion of the subsequent waveform, which has recently been practiced. If a multi-period waveform collected from a natural instrument sound is played directly on an electronic instrument in this way, it is possible to generate a musical sound waveform of the same high quality as a natural instrument sound, but the i-width envelope cannot be stored in the waveform memory. The disadvantage was that it was fixed in place and could not be controlled. It is conceivable to store multiple periods of musical sound waveforms with various envelope characteristics in a waveform memory and read out the musical sound waveforms selectively according to the desired envelope characteristics, but this would require a huge amount of memory. So it was unrealistic.

On the other hand, it is common practice to repeatedly generate a tone waveform for one period from a tone waveform generation circuit, and to control the amplitude envelope of the tone waveform signal using an envelope waveform arbitrarily generated through parameter control. In this case, the shape of the envelope waveform is determined by variably setting several types of parameters, but the waveform shape that can be obtained has its own limits, and the subtleties of playing techniques such as key touch as seen in natural instrument sounds. It was impossible to faithfully realize envelope changes due to such differences.

Purpose of the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and it is an object of the present invention to realize, with a relatively simple configuration, an envelope control that can faithfully realize envelope changes in response to differences in playing style in a manner similar to that of a natural musical instrument. The purpose is to

Summary of the Invention The electronic musical instrument of the present invention is equipped with an envelope memory in which actual envelope characteristics corresponding to various playing styles of a natural musical instrument are collected from the sounds of the natural instrument and each of these is stored in advance. A predetermined envelope characteristic is read out from an envelope memory in accordance with the playing style used to specify the pitch, and the envelope of the musical waveform signal is thereby controlled. The envelope of natural instrument sounds is not uniform, and changes slightly depending on various playing techniques. For example, the envelope characteristics (particularly the rise characteristics) change depending on the intensity of the piano key touch, and the envelope characteristics also show subtle changes when the generated sound changes from one pitch to another. Furthermore, the damp envelope percentage of a piano shows subtle changes depending on the key release timing. According to this invention, it is possible to achieve high-quality envelope control by actually collecting subtle envelope characteristics that correspond to these differences in playing style from natural musical instrument sounds, playing them back, and using them for envelope control. It is something to do.

Embodiment In FIG. 1, a keyboard 10 is used as a means for specifying the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a key coder 11 detects key depressions and key releases on the keyboard 10, and generates a key code KC indicating the pressed key and this key code. The key coater 11 outputs a key-on signal KON indicating whether or not the suppression of the key corresponding to the key code KC continues. The frequency number memory 12 stores frequency numbers (constants proportional to frequency) corresponding to each pitch that can be specified on the keyboard 10, and adjusts the sound of the pressed key according to the key code KC given from the key coater 11. Read out the frequency number F corresponding to high. This frequency number F corresponds to the amount of phase change per unit time, and by accumulating this frequency number F at regular time intervals set by the clock pulse φ in the phase accumulator 16, the specified pitch is determined. Instantaneous phase angle information that changes at a rate corresponding to ? F is obtained.

In this embodiment, the musical waveform generation circuit is constituted by a waveform memory 14. This waveform memory 14 stores in advance sample amplitude data of all waveforms from the start to the end of musical tones, and the sample amplitude data are sequentially read out according to the instantaneous phase angle information %F given from the phase accumulator 13. . In this case, the phase accumulator 16 does not repeatedly generate phase angle information for one period (2π), but instead generates phase angle information that indicates the phase angle of the entire waveform from the start to the end of sound generation using an absolute address. , it is assumed that all waveform data in the waveform memory 14 is read out - times. The phase accumulator 13 is reset to its initial value at the start of sound generation by a key-on pulse KONP generated at the start of pressing a key. Waveform memory 1
The entire waveform data to be stored in 4 is collected from an actual natural musical instrument sound (for example, a piano sound), and is, for example, waveform data with an envelope corresponding to a medium-strength playing touch.

The envelope memories 15, 16, and 17 are ones in which actual envelope characteristics corresponding to various playing styles of natural musical instruments are collected from the sounds of the natural musical instruments and stored in advance. Differences in the strength of the playing touch of natural musical instruments are noticeable, for example, as differences in the rising characteristics of the amplitude envelopes as shown in FIG. Therefore, the actuating envelope memory 15 stores the envelope characteristics (all waveforms of amplitude envelopes corresponding to each touch intensity as shown in FIG. 2) of natural instrument sounds (for example, piano sounds) played with various touch intensities. are doing. However, in this example,
Since the musical sound waveform data stored in the waveform memory 14 has an envelope corresponding to a medium touch intensity, the attack envelope memory 15 does not contain the level data itself of each sample point of the envelope waveform as shown in FIG. Instead, it is assumed that difference data for each sample point between the envelope level of the musical waveform data stored in the waveform memory 14 and the level data of the desired envelope waveform as shown in FIG. 2 is stored.

A touch detection means 18 is included inside the key coater 11 and is adapted to detect a touch applied to a pressed key on the keyboard 10 and output touch detection data. The attack envelope memory 15 selects an envelope waveform corresponding to the touch intensity according to the touch detection data, and stores each sample point data (difference data) of the selected envelope waveform at a phase angle given from the phase accumulator 16. Read out sequentially according to information g-F.

In natural musical instruments, when the sound is switched to a note of a different pitch while a note of one pitch is being produced, the envelope characteristics of the rising part of the sound differ from the normal rise characteristics, and change depending on the relationship between the two pitches. It shows a unique characteristic.

Therefore, in the envelope transient waveform memory 16, unique transient envelope characteristics (hereinafter referred to as envelope transient waveforms) corresponding to the combination of each pitch (or a range consisting of several pitches) are stored in advance. I remember. An example of this envelope transient waveform is shown in Figure 3 (a). If envelope control is not performed using this transient waveform, for example, the second sound with normal rise characteristics as shown in Figure 3 (bJ) is shown. A high-pitched sound rises, but if you add this transient waveform to the normal envelope waveform and perform envelope control, the envelope of the second pitch will be changed, as shown in Figure 3 (CJ). Although not particularly shown, the pinch of the generated sound may be slid from the first pitch to the second pitch during the period controlled by this envelope transient waveform.

To explain the circuit 19 for controlling reading of the envelope transient waveform memory 16, the key-on signal KON outputted from the key kneader 11 is applied to the one-shot circuit 20, and its value is changed from II to 1.
'' (when a new key is pressed), a key-on pulse KONP is output.The counter 21 is for reading out the memory 16 according to the passage of time.
It is reset at the start of sound generation by the key-on pulse KONP, and a counting operation is performed immediately thereafter in response to the clock pulse φ. The count contents of the counter 21 are stored in the memory 16.
At the same time, all bits thereof are input to the NAND circuit 22. The count content is the maximum value (all hits °' 1
), the NAND circuit 22 outputs 0, and the counting operation of the counter 21 is stopped.

The envelope transient waveform memory 16 generates one envelope transient as shown in FIG. 3(a) according to the combination of the key code KC of the currently pressed key and the key code OKC of the key pressed just before. A waveform is selected, and the selected transient waveform is read out temporally according to the output of the counter 21. The current key code KC is given from the key coder 11, and the key code OKC of the previously pressed key is given from the latch circuit 26. Key code KC given from key coder 11
is delayed by the delay circuit 24, and this delayed key code is taken into the latch circuit 23 by the key-on pulse KONP. When the key code KC of a newly pressed key is output from the key coder 11 at the same time as the key-on pulse KONP, the key code of the previously pressed key is output from the delay circuit 24, and this is latched by the latch circuit 23. Therefore, while the key code KC of the latest pressed key is being output from the key coder 11, the latch circuit 23
The key code OKC of the old key pressed immediately before is output. A key code register 25 is provided inside the key coder 11 to enable a decay sound after the key is released, and the key code KC of the pressed key remains unchanged even after the key is released until the decay sound ends. This key code register 25 holds it and outputs it. The contents of this key code register 25 are cleared by the decay end signal DF.

In this embodiment, when a new key is pressed before the previous note's decay ends, envelope control is performed using an envelope transient waveform. Therefore, enabling of the memory 16 is controlled by circuits 26-29.

The first flip-flop 26 is a key-on pulse KONP.
The second flip-flop 27 outputs the output Q of the first flip-flop 260 through the delay circuit 2.
It is set by the output of the AND circuit 29 which performs an AND logic between the slightly delayed signal and the key-on pulse KONP. Both flip-flops 26 and 27 are reset by a decay end signal DF generated as described later when the decay ends, and the set output Q of the second flip-flop 27 is connected to the enable input of the memory 16. Given. Therefore, a new key is pressed before the decay of the previous note ends, resulting in a key-on pulse KO.
When NP occurs, the first flip-flop 26 that was set when the previous note was pressed is not reset and remains set, so the set output signal "1°" is sent to the AND circuit 29 via the delay circuit 28. , the condition of the AND circuit 29 is established, and the second flip-flop 27 is set. This second flip-flop 27 enables the memory 16 by the cent output I+ 1.11, and the envelope transient waveform corresponding to the combination of the new key code KC and the old key code OKC is read out according to the output of the counter 21. . On the other hand, if a new key is pressed after the decay of the previous note has finished, the flip-flops 26 and 27 are reset by the decay end signal DF, so the condition of the AND circuit 29 is not satisfied when the key-on pulse KONP is generated. figure,
The second flip-flop 27 is not set.

The dump envelope memory 17 stores piano dump envelope waveforms having different characteristics corresponding to various key release timings.

By inverting the key-on signal KON with the inverter 30 and giving the inverted output to the one-shot circuit 31, it is possible to obtain the key-off pulse KOFP when the key-on signal KON switches from '1'' to 0'' (when the key is released). can.

In the launch circuit 32, the phase angle information outputted from the phase accumulator 16? F is latched by the key-off pulse KOFF, and the latched data is input to the memory 17.

Since the instantaneous phase angle information g-F in the accumulator 16 changes from time to time from the start of sound generation, by latching this with the key-off pulse KOFP, data corresponding to the key release timing can be obtained. The dump envelope memory 17 selects j dump envelope waveforms according to the data corresponding to the key release timing launched in the latch circuit 32, and reads out the selected dump envelope waveforms according to changes in the count value of the counter 63. The counter 63 is reset by the key-off pulse KOFP, and starts counting clock pulses φ immediately thereafter. When the count value of the counter 63 reaches a predetermined end value, a decay end signal DF is output, and the counting operation is stopped.

The envelope waveform data read from the attack envelope memory 15 and the transient waveform data read from the envelope transient waveform are added by an adder 34, and the output of this addition is given to a multiplier 65. Dump envelope waveform data read from the dump envelope memory 17 is applied to the other input of the multiplier 35 via a selector 36. This ramp waveform data is expressed by a coefficient that increases the minimum value by 0 and the maximum value by 11, and from the maximum value FB to the minimum value 0.
”, and its changing characteristics vary depending on the key release timing, as described above. The selector 66 selects the output of the dump envelope memory 17 when the key-on signal KON is 0'' (while the key is being released) and applies it to the multiplier 65, and when the key-on signal KON is 1'' (that is, when the key is being pressed), the selector 66 selects the output of the dump envelope memory 17 and applies it to the multiplier 65.
1'' is selected and applied to the multiplier 35. Therefore, while the key is being pressed, the envelope waveform data output from the adder 34 passes through the multiplier 65 without any changes, and after the key is released, this envelope waveform data follows the dumped envelope waveform data read from the memory 17. It is controlled (rapidly attenuated) and output from the multiplier 65.

In this way, from the multiplier 35, each envelope memory 15
Envelope waveform data obtained by synthesizing the envelope waveform data read from 17 to 17 is output, and this is given to the multiplier 37. The multiplier 67 multiplies the musical waveform data read from the waveform memo January 4 by the envelope waveform data to control the amplitude envelope. The envelope-controlled musical sound waveform data output from the multiplier 37 is converted into an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter 38 and then sent to a sound system 39.

In the above embodiment, the attack envelope memo January 5 stores data corresponding to the difference between the desired envelope waveform and the envelope waveform component of the musical sound waveform data stored in the waveform memory 14, but the attack envelope memo is not limited to this. The level data of the envelope waveform may be stored as is. However, in that case, the envelope waveform component of the musical sound waveform data to be stored in the waveform memory 14 is processed in advance so that the envelope waveform component is at a uniform level, and the musical sound waveform data having the uniform envelope waveform component is stored in the memory 14. shall be remembered.

Furthermore, the waveform memory 14 may store the waveform at the rising edge of a musical tone and a portion of the subsequent waveform (however, a multi-cycle waveform). In this case, the phase accumulator 16 reads the entire waveform from the start of sound generation to the end of the sound by repeatedly reading out the waveform data at the rising edge and then reading out a portion of the waveform after that. Furthermore, only one cycle of the musical tone waveform may be stored in the waveform memo January 4, and this may be read out repeatedly. In this case,
The lower bits (representing 0 to 2π) of the phase angle information IF output from the accumulator 13 are added to the waveform memory 14 as an address signal.

In addition, the waveform memory 14 does not store the musical waveform amplitude sample data as is, but stores the difference data between adjacent sample amplitude values, and when reading out, cumulatively adds and subtracts this difference data to obtain the original amplitude sample. Data may also be obtained.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a case has been described in which a musical waveform signal is generated using a waveform memory. The musical waveform signal may be generated using a device.

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the envelope characteristics corresponding to various playing styles of natural musical instruments are stored in advance, and the amplitude envelope of the musical waveform signal is controlled thereby. High-quality envelope control (envelope control that can faithfully realize subtle envelope changes depending on different playing styles) can be achieved with a relatively simple configuration.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of envelope characteristics corresponding to various touch intensities to be stored in the attack envelope memory of the embodiment. FIG. 3(a) is a diagram showing an example of a transient waveform to be stored in the envelope transient waveform memory of the same embodiment, and Φ) is an example of an envelope given to a musical sound waveform when envelope control using this transient waveform is not performed. (C) is a diagram showing an example of applying an envelope when envelope control is performed using a transient waveform. 10... Keyboard, 11... Key coder, 12... Frequency number memory, 16... Phase accumulator, 14...
・Waveform memory, 15... Attack envelope memory, 16... Envelope transient waveform memory,
17. Dump envelope memory, 18. Touch detection means, 19. Envelope transient encoder 1-means for reading waveform memory, 35, 37. Multiplier. Applicant: Nippon Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Agent: Yoshihito Iizuka

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and musical sound waveform generation for generating a musical sound waveform signal corresponding to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means. means, an envelope memory in which actual envelope characteristics corresponding to various playing styles of a natural musical instrument are collected from the natural instrument sounds and stored in advance, and a playing style performed for specifying pitch by the pitch specifying means. an electronic musical instrument, comprising: control means for reading envelope characteristics from said envelope memory in accordance with said envelope characteristics, and controlling an envelope of a musical waveform signal generated from said musical waveform generating means based on said envelope characteristics. 2. The envelope memory includes a memory that stores envelope characteristics of natural instrument sounds played with various touch intensities, and the pitch specifying means includes a plurality of keys for specifying pitches. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said control means reads a predetermined envelope characteristic from said memory in accordance with the strength of a touch applied to said key. 6. The envelope memory includes a memory that stores transient envelope characteristics when the pitch of the generated sound is switched from one pitch to another, and the control means controls the pitch specifying means. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined envelope characteristic is read from the memory when a pitch is changed to another pitch while a pitch corresponding to the specified pitch is being produced. 4. The envelope memory includes a memory that stores dump envelope characteristics of the piano corresponding to various key release timings, and the pitch designation means includes a plurality of keys for designating pitches, 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control means reads a predetermined dump envelope characteristic from the memory in accordance with the timing of key release in the pitch specifying means. 5. Does the musical sound waveform generating means start and end the musical sound generation? It has a waveform memory in which waveform data of the entire waveform up to this point or the waveform of the rising part and a part of the waveform after that is stored in advance, and the waveform data is stored in advance from the waveform memory in response to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical waveform signal is generated by sequentially reading out waveform data of all waveforms from the start to the end of sound generation.