JPS5966844A - Live bait feed composition for fish farming - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:The titled composition, prepared by coating a thiamine (salt) with a specific coating agent, and capable of giving a high content of thiamine (salt) by using directly the commercially available thiamine (salt). CONSTITUTION:A live bait feed composition prepared by coating a thiamine (salt) with a coating agent consisting of a fat or oil having 50-80 deg.C melting point in an amount of (1/3)-1 of the thiamine (salt) and lecithin or the fat or oil having 50-80 deg.C melting point, lecithin and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester contained in a live bait for fish farming. Thus, the aimed coated particles with a thiamine (salt) content as high as >=50% can be obtained by using a general commercially available product of the thiamine (salt) having 50mu average particle or a finely pulverized product thereof (5mu average particle diameter).

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a live feed composition for fish farming.

More specifically, the live feed for fish farming consists of 1/3 to 1 times the amount of oil and fat with a melting point of 50 to 80°C and lecithin, or oil and fat with a melting point of 50 to 80°C, lecithin, and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester based on thiamin or thiamine salts. The present invention relates to a live fish feed composition containing thiamine or thiamine salts coated with a coating agent.

With the development of marine fish aquaculture in Japan, various compounding materials have been developed, but live bait is still used for the most part. In particular, for yellowtail, which accounts for the majority of marine aquaculture production, the use of artificial compound feed is minimal, and only in very limited cases, such as when it is difficult to prepare live feed or when treating disease. Therefore, securing live feed for marine aquaculture farmers,
Storage is a major concern.

The live bait currently used for culturing yellowtail, red sea bream, etc. is fresh or frozen fish, and the types include sand eel, anchovy, horse mackerel, mackerel, saury, and sardine. Raw bait tends to lose its freshness. It goes without saying that feeding raw food that is not fresh can have a negative impact on fish, but with advances in freezing technology today, there is no need to worry so much. An incident in which a large number of young yellowtail yellowtails died when anchovies were administered continuously led to various experimental studies to investigate the cause, and it was discovered that thiamin deficiency was the cause. This thiamine deficiency is caused by the decomposition of thiamin in the anchovies' body by thiaminase in the body tissues due to preserving or mincing raw feed.

Thiamine is also essential for fish, and when thiamine-deficient feed is administered, each cultured fish develops deficiency symptoms. Symptoms vary depending on the species of fish, and in the case of yellowtail, symptoms such as loss of appetite, black discoloration, loss of balance, etc. occur, and the fish die. The mass mortality of yellowtail caused by a lack of thiamine jeopardizes the economic base of yellowtail farmers, and is a matter of life and death for yellowtail farmers.

Anchovies are not the only fish that contain thiaminase in their bodies. Table 1 shows the distribution of thiaminase in marine fish. Very strong thiaminase exists in anchovies and saury, which have a relatively stable catch and are used as live feed for aquaculture, and also in sand locusts. Apart from anchovies, sand eel, and saury, there are currently no other fish species that can be used as live bait for yellowtail farming.

Table 1 Distribution of thiaminase in saltwater fish (Yasuda) (Note)
(Nutrition and Feed of Fish, p. 255, edited by Chinkichi Ogino, Kouseisha Koukaku) When rearing yellowtail with anchovies or saury, to prevent thiamin deficiency, it is necessary to feed thiamine nitrate at a dose of 5 μg/kg of fish weight per day. Administration is considered safe. However, even if thiamin is added and administered to live feed that contains thiaminase, thiamin is rapidly decomposed by thiaminase, so it is necessary to administer an extremely large amount, which increases the economic burden on yellowtail farmers. Furthermore, if it takes a long time to administer the food after feeding, there may be no added thiamine left at all.

As a measure to solve such problems, the
A method described in Publication No. 192 has been proposed.

The invention described in the above publication is characterized by containing thiamine or thiamin salts with a particle size of 100 to 1000μ coated with 1 to 10 times the amount of higher fatty acid or glycerin fatty acid ester in the live feed for fish farming. It is stated that according to this invention, thiamine or its salts do not elute even in minced fish meat, so that thiamine deficiency in raw feed is prevented. A method for obtaining coated granules of thiamin or thiamin salts of the present invention is, for example, by adding hydrogenated beef tallow oil fused to thiamine hydrochloride powder at around 60 to 70°C to thiamine hydrochloride at a rate of 1 to 1
A method is described in which a powder preparation with a particle size of 100 to 1000 μ is obtained by adding 0 times, preferably about 4 times the amount, mixing with a homogenizer, and spraying the mixture into a room adjusted to 30° C. or lower using a rotating disc spray device. ing. In this case, it is said that it is preferable that thiamine hydrochloride is pulverized to about 1 to 10 microns, and if the ratio of the coating agent to thiamine is less than 1, sufficient coating will not be possible, such as coating agent: thiamine hydrochloride. When the ratio is 0.8:1.0, there is almost no coating effect even if one with an average particle size of 200μ is made, and this material is mixed with minced anchovies as thiamin at a ratio of 10mg/100g at 30°C. When we measured the remaining amount after keeping it warm for an hour, the remaining rate was only 4.5%.
It has been pointed out that

The average particle size of commercially available general thiamine or thiamine salts is often about 50 microns, which is much larger than the particle size required by the above-mentioned publication. 1 to 50μ
It is not an easy task to pulverize the powder to about 10 μm, and it would be desirable to use commercially available thiamine or thiamine salts as they are to form coated particles. However, the coated grains experimentally produced using unground thiamine salts according to the conditions of the above publication were compared to the ground grains of thiamin salts ground to 1 to 10 μm.
The residual amount in minced fish meat showed extremely poor results. The content of thiamin salt coated grains prepared with 1 to 10 times the amount of coating agent is 50 to 9.09% as thiamine salt. It goes without saying that the amount of hydrogenated beef tallow oil used in the coating should be as small as possible, considering the processing costs of the coated grains and the burden of digestion and absorption by fish.

The object of the present invention is to provide coated granules of thiamine or thiamine salts that satisfy the above requirements.
More specifically, using a general commercially available product of thiamine or thiamine salts with an average particle size of 50μ or a finely pulverized product thereof (average particle size of 5μ), thiamine or thiamine with a content of 50% or more, as high as possible. The purpose is to provide coated granules of salts, and the raw feed for fish farming contains oils and fats with a melting point of 50 to 80°C and lecithin or lecithin and polyglycerol in an amount of less than 1 time and more than 1/3 time. The present invention relates to a live fish feed composition containing thiamin or thiamin salts coated with a coating consisting of a combination of fatty acid esters in a certain ratio.

In the present invention, thiamine salts refer to thiamine nitrates, hydrochlorides, thiocyanates, and the like.

As the fats and oils having a melting point of 50 to 80°C that can be used in the coating composition suitable for the purpose of the present invention, waxes, hardened oils, higher fatty acids, etc. can be used, but hardened oils are particularly suitable. Examples of hydrogenated oils include hydrogenated animal fats such as hydrogenated beef tallow, pork fat, chicken fat, whale oil, and fish oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated palm oil, and hydrogenated coconut oil. Examples include hydrogenated vegetable oils such as hydrogenated oils. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Among the properties that the coating composition should have, the target content of thiamine or thiamine salts is 50%.
% or more, it is difficult to uniformly and effectively spray and disperse the molten mixture of thiamine or thiamine hydrochloride as the core material and the coating composition using a suitable spray device such as a rotating disc type spray device or a spray nozzle. It is the viscosity. It is not possible to achieve this viscosity by using the hydrogenated oil alone, and for this purpose an emulsifier consisting of lecithin or a combination of lecithin and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester is added to the hydrogenated oil.

EXAMPLE 1 Test Example 1 conducted for the purpose of searching for an emulsifier that is significantly effective in reducing the viscosity of a molten mixture of hardened oil and thiamine or thiamine salts will be shown, and the usefulness of the present invention will be explained.

Test Example-1 Thiamine nitrate (average particle size 4μ) was used as thiamine salt.
(pulverized product), hydrogenated beef tallow oil (melting point 59.5℃)
) and various emulsifiers were used to prepare heated melt suspensions, and the viscosity of each suspension at 75° C. was measured using a B-type viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. The composition of the suspension was 60 parts of thiamine nitrate powder, 40 parts of hardened beef tallow oil, and the amount of various emulsifiers was 2 parts. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 (No. 3 rotor of B-type viscometer is used)・PG
PR Polyglycerin polyricinolate Riken Vitamin Spurn 65 Kao Atlas S-370 Rhododendron sugar/lecithin Ajinomoto and other emulsifiers all clearly contribute to lowering the viscosity of the suspension as shown by the Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. results. The emulsifiers used are lecithin and polyglycerin polyricinolate (
However, when these emulsifiers are used alone, the viscosity of the suspension is still quite high and is not necessarily suitable for the purpose of further increasing the content of thiamine nitrate.

Next, Test Example 2 shows the results of looking at the effect of combining lecithin and PGPR, which were effective in Test Example 1.

Test Example-2 The test conditions were the same as Test Example-1. The composition of the suspension was 60 parts of thiamine nitrate powder and 40 parts of hardened beef tallow oil, and the amounts of lecithin and PGPR added and the results are shown in Table 3.

As shown in Table 3, thiamine nitrate 60 parts, hardened beef tallow 40 parts
In the case of the above system, when lecithin is used in a range of 1/10 to 1/2 of the amount of PGPR for 1 or 2 parts of PGPR, the viscosity of the suspension decreases rapidly.

The reason for this is currently unknown, but since such a reduction in viscosity has not been achieved by using PGPR or lecithin alone, it appears that some synergistic effect is exerted by the combination.

The present invention was completed by utilizing the above knowledge, and according to the present invention, it is possible to easily coat particles with a high content of thiamin or thiamin salts, which was impossible with the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0-13192. This means that it can be manufactured.

As the lecithin used in the present invention, soybean phospholipid, which is a by-product during the production of soybean oil, is suitable in terms of cost and performance, but egg yolk lecithin separated and produced from egg yolk can also be used.

Polyglycerol-polymerized fatty acid ester in the present invention refers to polyglycerin with an average degree of polymerization of 2 to 5 and an average degree of polymerization of 3 to 5.
The fatty acid referred to herein is preferably ricinoleic acid, mono- or dihydroxystearic acid, or castor oil fatty acid containing these fatty acids. All of these polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid esters are highly viscous liquids, insoluble in water and ethanol, and soluble in fats and oils and ether.

The amounts of lecithin and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester in a composition comprising oil and fat and lecithin or a combination of oil, fat, lecithin and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester used as a coating agent are limited by the melting point of the oil. Both lecithin and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester do not form a solid state at room temperature, and if the amount of these added is extremely large, the strength of the coating film will become undesirable.

When using hydrogenated beef tallow oil (melting point 59.6°C) as the fat and oil, if only lecithin is used, the amount is 1 part hydrogenated beef tallow oil.
00 parts, preferably 2.5 to 25 parts, preferably 5 to 10 parts. In addition, if polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester and lecithin are used together, the amount of polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester is 1.0 to 1% per 100 parts of hardened beef tallow oil.
5 parts, preferably 2.5 to 10 parts, in which case the lecithin button is 1/1 part of the polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester.
20 to 1 times the amount is appropriate.

Examples of methods for coating thiamine or thiamine salt powder with the coating agent of the present invention include the following method, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Gradually add 70 parts of thiamine nitrate fine powder (average particle size 5μ) to a mixture of 28.5 parts of hardened beef tallow oil, 1 part of polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester, and 0.5 part of lecithin melted at around 65-75°C. , mix.

While maintaining the temperature of the suspension at around 65 to 75°C, the entire amount of thiamin nitrate fine powder is cooled down, and the uniformly mixed mixture is sprayed into a room adjusted to below 30°C using a rotating disk spray device. , coated particles of thiamine nitrate with a particle size of 100 to 1000 μm are obtained. When supplying the suspension to the rotating disc type spray device, it is also possible, if necessary, to pump the suspension at a suitable pressure.

It is extremely difficult to reduce the particle size of the coated particles to 100 μm or less in view of the viscosity of the suspension;
If the amount is 0 parts or more, there is no problem in producing coated grains, but if the particle size is too large and it is mixed into minced meat, uniform dispersion is difficult and the effect tends to vary.

From this point of view, it can be said that the particle diameter of the coated particles of thiamine or thiamine salts is preferably 100 to 1,000 μm.

According to the method of the present invention, a good coating effect can be obtained even when the ratio of the coating agent to thiamine or thiamine salts is much less than 1, and in this point, the effect is significantly different from the method according to Japanese Patent Publication No. 13192/1983. It is. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-13192, when the coating agent: thiamine hydrochloride was 0.8:1.0, there was almost no coating effect even if the average particle size was 200μ, and this coating was used to coat minced anchovies. 10mg/100g as thiamin
It is stated that when the remaining amount was measured after mixing at a ratio of The residual rate of thiamin in minced saury was measured using hardened beef tallow oil as a coating agent, and treated in exactly the same manner as the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 13192/1983, with a coating agent: thiamine nitrate ratio of 0.8:1.0. , the result was 47.3 chi.

On the other hand, when the coating material of the present invention has a ratio of coating material to thiamine nitrate (average particle size 50μ) of 0.43:1.00, the residual amount of thiamine under the same conditions as above is 77.8%. Even though the ratio of coating agent to thiamine was reduced to about 1/2, the coating effect was actually improved.

Next, Test Example 3 is shown as a specific example in which the particle size of thiamin or thiamin salts used as a core material has a large effect on the residual rate of thiamin when coated grains are added and mixed into minced fish containing thiaminase. .

Test Example-3 28.5 parts of hydrogenated chicken fat oil (melting point 60°C) and 1 part of PGP
Commercially available thiamin nitrate powder with an average particle size of 50 μm (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) using a coating agent consisting of lecithin with an R content of 0.5 parts.
Minced saury prepared by using 70 parts each of vitamin B1) or its fine powder with an average particle size of 4μ to produce two thiamin nitrate-coated grains with different particle sizes of core substances (each with a thiamine nitrate content of 70% and an average particle size of 300μ). In order to investigate the rate of decomposition of thiamine over time, the above two coated grains and commercially available thiamine nitrate powder were each added to saury mince at a concentration of 10 mg/100 g of thiamin, and the mixture was incubated at 30°C. The sample was left to stand and the residual rate of thiamin was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 *Coated grains (A) - Thiamine nitrate average particle diameter 50μ*
*Coated grains (B) - 〃 4μ These results show that uncoated thiamine nitrate is rapidly decomposed in minced saury, whereas those coated with the coating agent of the present invention are significantly prevented from decomposition, especially when the average particle size is 5μ. Finely ground and coated with thiamine nitrate gave good results. When 70 parts of thiamine nitrate is added and mixed with 30 parts of hardened beef tallow oil and the product temperature is maintained at 65 to 75°C, when the average particle size of thiamine nitrate is 50μ, the fluidity is poor, and the average particle size is 5μ. In this case, the fluidity becomes extremely poor and a uniform spray condition cannot be expected at all. On the other hand, in the case of the coating material of the present invention, the viscosity of the suspension at 75°C is 2.80 μm even in the case of thiamine nitrate with an average particle size of 5 μm.
0 CP, a uniform spray state was obtained using the rotating disc type spray device, and no trouble was observed in the production of coated grains.

The effectiveness of the present invention will be explained in detail in Examples below.

Example-1 25 yellowtail fish with an average weight of 100 g were divided into 2 groups and each group was housed in a 2 ton rectangular concrete aquarium at a water temperature of 2.
The animals were raised at 2-24°C. The seawater in the aquarium is 10 to 1 times a day.
We poured enough water into the aquarium to replace it twice, and extracted the corresponding amount of seawater from the bottom of the tank.

Before starting the main experiment, after preliminarily rearing horse mackerel for one week, the test plot was coated with a coating composition consisting of 28.5 parts of hardened beef tallow, 1 part of PGPR, and 0.5 part of lecithin.
Thiamine nitrate coated grains (containing 70% as thiamine nitrate) with a particle size of 300 to 500 μ coated with thiamine nitrate powder (average particle size of 50 μ) are mixed at a ratio of 10 mg of thiamine nitrate to 100 g of minced anchovy. 2 times a day at around 10 a.m. and around 3 p.m.
A total of 650 g of bait was given each time, 325 g per time. The control group was fed minced anchovies that did not contain thiamine nitrate. The test continued for 4 weeks by feeding anchovies, measuring the fish weight and number of dead fish in each group, measuring the amount of pyruvate in the blood, and observing all changes in the liver (of 10 arbitrary fish). The results are shown in Table 5.

As shown in Table 5 above, fish weight, number of deaths, amount of pyruvate in blood,
The experimental plot showed superior results than the control plot in terms of the number of green liver cases. Additionally, many yellowtails in the control area were observed exhibiting abnormal behavior during rearing. From these facts, the effectiveness of the present invention was confirmed.

Example 2 Yellowtail with an average weight of 620 g (average of 10 arbitrary fish) was divided into 2 groups of 200 fish each, and each group was split into small pieces at a water temperature of 2.
Cultured at 4-26°C. Before the test, the main feed was horse mackerel and sand eel, and anchovy was used during the test period.

In the test plot, 60 parts of thiamin nitrate fine powder (average particle size 5μ) was coated with a coating composition consisting of 38 parts of hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 64°C) and 2 parts of lecithin.
~500μ thiamin nitrate coated grains (containing 60% as thiamine nitrate) were mixed at a ratio of 7.5 mg as thiamine nitrate to 100 g of anchovy mince, and fed twice a day, 6 Kq each time, for a total of 12 Kg. did. The control group was fed minced anchovies that did not contain thiamine nitrate.The test continued for 4 weeks.

After the test, the average fish weight in the test area was 814g (any 1
(average of 0 fish), and the number of deaths during the test period was 10 fish. On the other hand, the average weight of fish in the control group was 780 g, and the number of fish killed during the test period was 26. Increase in fish weight,
An improvement in both the number of deaths was observed by adding the product of the present invention.

Agent: Patent Attorney Kiyoshi Minoura

Claims (1)

[Claims] Thiamine or thiamin salts in live feed for fish farming
It is characterized by containing thiamin or thiamin salts coated with a coating agent consisting of 3 to 1 times the amount of oil or fat with a melting point of 50 to 80°C and lecithin, or oil or fat with a melting point of 50 to 80°C, lecithin, and polyglycerol polymerized fatty acid ester. A live bait feed composition for fish farming.