JPS5938555A - Solar heat water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To collect the solar rays effectively without being affected by the variation of a height of the sun, by a method wherein side heat collectors each of interiors of which is provided with a circulation duct of water, are arranged in a facing state and a reflector is provided so that the solar rays can be concentrated toward a central heat collector. CONSTITUTION:A heat collector 14 is constituted with a central heat collector 16 extending in a short-lengthward direction at the center of the inside of a casing 10 and a pair of side heat collectors 20 and 20 extending in a longitudinal direction respectively in the inside of each of longitudinal side plates 18 and 18 of the casing 10. A reflector 17 is constituted by arranging a large number of long sideways rectangular plane mirrors in order and in parallel within the casing 10 as shown in a sketch. The solar ray, therefore, is reflected by the reflector 17, concentrated and radiated to the central heat collector 16, through which water in a jacket is heated and the heated water is exchanged with water in a hot water tank 32 through natural circulation. Reflected light is radiated toward the inside of a pair of side heat collectors 20 and 20 and the one side heat collector 20, to begin with, and heat collecting efficiency of the solar rays is improved drastically.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar water heater that has extremely high heat collection efficiency from sunlight.

2. Description of the Related Art Solar water heaters, which obtain hot water using sunlight, are rapidly becoming widespread in homes, factories, etc. due to improvements in various pyrothermal materials and demands for energy conservation. Conventional solar water heaters are: (1) a simple peach mat-shaped vinyl type, (2) a concentrator type that uses a reflective mirror to collect sunlight, and (3) a water circulation channel made of a thin plate made of stainless steel or other metal. The peach mat type and the light condensing type have the disadvantage that they do not easily rise to a temperature that can be used as hot water in winter.

Furthermore, when the conventional condensing type is a fixed type, reflected light tends to leak, and the heat collecting efficiency is poor. That is, since it cannot follow changes in the altitude of the sun depending on the season and time of day, the effective utilization efficiency of the thermal energy of the irradiated sunlight is low, and there is still room for improvement. In addition, in order to make maximum use of the thermal energy of sunlight, it is possible to solve the problem by attaching a motor drive mechanism that synchronizes and tracks the movement of the sun, but the cost of manufacturing the solar tracking mechanism and the electricity consumption, etc. The running cost 1- is extremely bulky, making it difficult to adopt it for home use.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks inherent in conventional solar water heaters, and has been proposed in order to solve the problems. To provide a solar water heater with low manufacturing cost by effectively concentrating sunlight on a heat collector with as little influence as possible, increasing heat collection efficiency, and simplifying the heat collection structure. The purpose is to

In order to achieve this objective, the solar water heater according to the present invention includes:
Side heat collectors each having a water circulation passage therein are arranged facing each other with a predetermined spacing between them, and the pair of side heat collectors are arranged in the middle thereof into a central collector having a water circulation passage therein. It is characterized in that it is connected in communication with a heating device and that a reflecting mirror is disposed so that sunlight is concentrated toward the central heat collector. Next, the solar water heater according to the present invention will be described in detail using preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a solar water heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a main structural part of a collector of a solar water heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Shows an enlarged strabismus state.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 indicates an exterior casing of a solar water heater according to the present invention, and this casing 10 includes:
The casing 10 is made of a synthetic resin board with excellent weather resistance, and has a shallow rectangular parallelepiped shape with a rectangular upper surface that is fully open.
is a hollow structure, and an appropriate heat insulating material I2 is placed inside this hollow part.
is filled. Inside the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped casing 10, as shown in the figure, a heat collector I4 having an H-shaped structure and a reflecting mirror 17 for efficiently reflecting and concentrating sunlight toward the heat collector 14 are housed. That is, the heat collector 14 suitably used in the present invention includes a central heat collector 16 extending in the transverse direction at the center of the interior of the casing 10, and a heat collector 16 extending in the transverse direction at the center of the interior of the casing 10, and a central heat collector 16 extending in the transverse direction at the center of the interior of the casing 10; It basically consists of a pair of side heat collectors 20, 20 each extending in the longitudinal direction. The central heat collector 16 includes two thin metal plates (for example, made of copper, brass, or aluminum) with good thermal conductivity, which are arranged facing each other with a gap between them, and the lower end of the metal plate is It is a type of water jacket made of a hollow metal shell that is closed to define a water circulation chamber 22 inside, and near the top of this central heat collector 16, there is a slight slope parallel to the bottom surface. It is preferable that the heat collecting fins 24 are fixed in a chevron shape. The side heat collector 20 is composed of a heat collection plate 26 which is preferably fully extended on the inner surface of the side plate 18 of the casing 1o, and a metal shell 28 having the shape shown in the figure which is provided on both sides of the heat collection Fi26. The pair of side heat collectors 2o, 2Q and the central heat collector 1G, which are also a type of water jacket and are disposed opposite to each other, are connected in an H-shape as a whole as shown in the figure. It is connected. The water reflux chambers 22 defined within each heat collector 16.20 are therefore in fluid communication with each other.
Water is allowed to circulate freely. Note that the dimensional ratio between the height and the width of the central heat collector 16 is preferably set to about 1:3. The height of the heat collector is preferably set to 173 mm in the width direction or 1/4 of the length of the mirror in the north-south direction, whichever is greater. Furthermore, the height of the central heat collector 16 is generally made to match the height of the side plate 18 of the casing IO as shown in the figure, but the transparent lid body described later is made in the shape of a mountain instead of a flat plate. By increasing the reflective area and the height of the heat collector accordingly, the heat collection efficiency can be further improved. can be improved.

Next, the reflecting mirror 17 is a horizontally long rectangular plane mirror 3 as shown in the figure.
0 are sequentially arranged in parallel inside the casing 1o. That is, the plane mirror groups 30 arranged in parallel on both sides of the central heat collector 16 are set so that the angle of inclination becomes larger as they move away from the central heat collector 16, and the overall angle of inclination becomes larger. It is showing the condition. Each plane mirror 3
The angle of inclination that 0 makes with respect to the bottom surface of the casing 1o is
An appropriate value is set according to experimental results so that sunlight reflected by the plane mirror 3o is most effectively concentrated on the heat collector.

Note that the reflecting mirror 17 may be the plane mirror 3 shown in the illustrated embodiment.
In addition to 0, a semicircular concave mirror may be used. When employing a semicircular concave mirror as the reflecting mirror I7 in this way,
Although there is an improvement in light collection efficiency, it should be noted that on the other hand, there is a tendency for the size to increase in the height direction. In addition, with a semicircular concave mirror, the area that can be focused in the horizontal direction relative to the height of the collector is approximately 1, whereas in the case of a JIJ bottom type arrangement, the height of the collector The area where light can be focused can be increased by more than three times compared to the size 1.

In this device, it is preferable to adopt a natural circulation type that utilizes convection due to temperature difference for water circulation, and for this purpose, a hot water storage tank designated by reference numeral 32 is disposed above the casing 10. has been done. This hot water storage tank 32 has a heat insulating material 34 stretched therein, and the side heat collector 2
0.20 through circulation pipes 36 and 38. Note that in the illustrated embodiment, the circulation pipe 3 located above
6. Hot water heated by the jacket flows through the hot water tank 3.
2, the cold water flows through the lower circulation pipe 38 and into the jacket of the side collector 20.20.

Furthermore, water is supplied from the outside to the lower fj ring pipe 38 via a branch pipe 40. Furthermore, it goes without saying that this device may be of a forced circulation type using a pump. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 42 indicates a leg portion for adjusting the casing inclination angle of the main body of the water heater, and numeral 44 indicates a drain cock for discharging water from the water circulation chamber 22 of the side heat collector 20. shows. Furthermore, the upper opening of the casing 10 is
It is removably covered by a lid 46 made of glass or other transparent synthetic resin with excellent light transmittance and weather resistance.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the structure of the heat collector is different. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the heat collector had a water jacket structure, but in this embodiment, it has a structure in which a heat collector plate, a tube body, and fins are combined. First, the central heat collector 16 consists of a pair of parallel upper and lower large-diameter tube bodies 48.4.
8 (for example, pipe diameter 30 mm) are connected to each other by a large number of small diameter pipe bodies 50 (for example, pipe diameter 8 mm) arranged in a staggered manner in the longitudinal direction, and the small diameter pipe bodies 50 are alternately arranged as shown in FIG. It has a structure in which corrugated fins 52 are disposed in contact with and held at the folded portions.

Each folding angle of this wave fin 52 is 90° to 50°.
It is preferable that each ridgeline of the corrugated fin is
Vertical fins 54 that slightly protrude in the vertical direction are integrally formed.

Further, as is clear from FIG. 2, the waveform fins 52
Horizontal fins 56 are arranged at predetermined intervals, for example, in three stages, in the horizontal direction.

These waveform fins 52, vertical fins 54, and horizontal fins 56
and the small diameter tubular body 50, at their mutual contact portions,
Of course, they must be firmly connected and fixed to ensure heat conduction. The side heat collector 20 also includes a frame-shaped large-diameter tube body 58 as shown in the figure, and a large number of small-diameter tube bodies 60 arranged diagonally in parallel, which communicate and connect the upper and lower sides of this tube body 58. Basically, it is composed of a large number of diagonal fins 62 inserted through these small diameter tubes 60, and these tubes 58, 60 and diagonal fins 62 are connected to the heat collecting plate stretched on the inner surface of the side plate 18 of the casing 10. 26, it is securely connected and fixed. The large-diameter tube 48 of the central heat collector 16 is connected to the large-diameter tube 58 of the side heat collector 20 as shown in the figure, so that the series of tubes 48
．． 50, 58, and 60 are all fluidly interconnected to permit uniform circulation of water.

In addition, in both the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outside of the heat collector, fins, and heat collecting plate absorbs light of a certain wavelength and has a property that it is difficult to radiate heat once absorbed. It is recommended to paint the oxide film (so-called selective absorption film) black to increase the efficiency of solar heat absorption.

In the solar water heater according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, constructed as described above, the casing 10 of the water heater main body is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is oriented north-south ( In other words, the side heat collectors 20, 20 extend in a north-south direction), and the short sides face east-west (in other words, the central heat collector 16 extends in an east-west direction). It is arranged at an angle of inclination of approximately 15° to 20°. After all, in this solar water heater, the central solar water heater 16 is arranged parallel to the ecliptic, which is the locus of movement of the sun.

The angle of inclination of the water heater is adjusted by the adjusting leg 42 so that it becomes the most appropriate value depending on the season.

The sunlight is then reflected by a reflecting mirror and
6, the entire prefecture is irradiated to warm the water in the jacket, and the heated water is exchanged with water in the hot water tank 32 through natural circulation. Also, one reflected light is first reflected by a pair of side heat collectors 20.20
Among them, the irradiation is directed towards one of the heat collectors 20, but as the sun moves, the irradiation gradually starts towards the other heat collector 20. The side heat collectors 20 of the central heat collector 16 and the side heat collectors 2 are thus
Coupled with the interaction of 0, the solar heat collection efficiency is significantly improved and good effective utilization of sunlight is achieved.

Note that in the solar water heater according to the present invention, the heat collectors have a type 1 configuration, so these heat collectors are successively connected in the horizontal direction as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. This makes it possible to easily increase the capacity of the water heater. For example, Fig. 4 shows a connection of the water jacket type heat collectors shown in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 shows a combination of the tubular type heat collectors shown in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. They are connected. In the case of the single type shown in Figure 1, reflected light is necessarily irradiated only from one side of the side heat collector, but
If multiple connections are made as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the side heat collectors shown by arrow A will receive irradiation from reflected sunlight from both sides.

As described above, the solar water heater according to the present invention has a simple structure and has excellent solar heat collection efficiency.

Moreover, since there is no need to track sunlight, the manufacturing cost is low. Furthermore, the heat collector in the present invention is F
Because it has an I-shaped integrated structure, it can be easily removed from the casing, making periodic inspections and other cleaning easier, and capacity can be increased by sequentially connecting heat collectors laterally. has beneficial advantages.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a solar water heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of a solar water heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. A sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 2, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are plan views showing a state in which a large number of solar water heaters according to the present invention are connected in a horizontal direction. Procedural amendment (spontaneous) February 25, 1980 Mr. Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Patent Office ■, Indication of the case 1982 Patent Application No. 148124 2, Title of invention Solar water heater 3, Person making the amendment Case Relationship of patent applicant Address 48-113 Kubota, Oiwa-cho, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi Prefecture Name Original plate Hiroshi 4, Agent Address: 460-6 Contents of amendment (1) As stated in the attached sheet 6 Contents of amendment (1) Specification No. In the second line of page 2, "Chimat type and condensing type" is corrected to "Chimat I-type simple type and heat collecting plate type". (2) On page 4, line 8, "inner center" is corrected to "inner center." (3) "Inside r18 of page 4, line 11," is corrected to "inside r18." (4) On page 4, line 13, "the central heat collector 16 is" is corrected to "the heat collectors 16 and 20 are". (5) "Narrow gap" on page 4, line 15, is corrected to "narrow gap."

Claims (1)

[Claims] Side heat collectors each having a water circulation passage therein are arranged facing each other with a predetermined spacing between them, and the pair of side heat collectors are arranged in the middle thereof into a central collector having a water circulation passage therein. A solar water heater, characterized in that the solar water heaters are connected to each other by a heating device and are provided with a reflecting mirror so that sunlight is concentrated toward the central collector.