JPS58106034A - Hanging type roof - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a suspended roof that is V-supported by at least three fixed attachments. The roof support structure of the roof is mainly constructed from a cable structure to which a cover for wind to [+1 density F4)9 can be attached, and it is installed to drain rainwater to the 4i11 part, and is joined at the center of M4; The main tension cables run diagonally from the fixed fittings to form the roof ridges and are provided with lateral top cables, with the roof valleys extending between each pair of fixed fittings. It runs towards the cable at the top of the side.

Suspended roof structures are known in various forms. Dutch patent h! i41fa7 0 1 8 0 3 9
The issue describes a structure intended for large spans.

For this purpose, a certain distance p between the many lines in the roof plane
It is carried by superimposed cables C2 with spacers placed between the legs, but three continuous strong through girders reaching the spans are not shaped anywhere. Either at the central part or at the supporting points (even at this point, bent cement cannot be transferred). However, it is inconceivable to build a roof with this structure, and this structure is not suitable for the known tent-type roofs. According to the publication of this application, the local reinforcement forms a number of roof peaks with roof valleys between the root and root parts, which means that rainwater It is advantageous to shed water and locally increases strength.Nevertheless, the overall design retains the characteristics of an unreinforced tent roof.

According to the second invention, which uses compression members of short length and the greatest number of flexible cables, the roof cover, on the contrary, should also be made of a material that is resistant to culm so that concrete can be used. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a suspended roof structure with such rigidity that it is possible to

By using a known durable contact cover material,
In particular, P8 insulation can be easily provided, and the safety of the roof against external loads, sometimes 1 load, is several times that of a tent-type flexible roof because it has a strong roof. . Wanderers (tent-style roofs) do not work well against wind loads. There are other benefits to be gained from a classic, durable roof structure assembled on a sturdy garguhi.
That is, the relatively simple construction, low cost, low construction weight and simplicity of the present invention provide a suspended roof that combines the advantages of cable construction with the advantages of conventional durable roofs.

A suspended roof as described in this preamble is constructed according to the invention in which each lateral top cable is blown at one end to one of the fixed mountings, and the fixed mounting next to it After being introduced around the top, it is continued as a diagonal main tension cable to the center of the roof.The other end of this cable is connected to several other diagonal main tension cables. be centrally connected to the ends;
and the lateral top cables between the fixed attachments of each pair of trees are pulled primarily vertically downward by the boss tension cables, all of which are carried by the center of the roof to form the roof top. The top of this is Kushikata! It is characterized by the fact that the cables reach a higher level where they meet in the valley of the roof.

According to the invention, each lateral top cable is introduced around one of its fixed fittings and then continues as a main tension cable diagonally to the center of the roof. By pulling one 3fl: of this cable, it is directed to the top cable with the same tension as the diagonal main tension cable. This tensioning is provided by the post-pulling cable, which extends generally vertically and pulls the lateral deposit cable downwardly between two generally vertical support points. This is usually done in the middle of the lateral top cables, but FffH'l? Actually, it's not necessarily necessary. Applying tension in this way has two consequences. That is, one thing is that all the diagonal main tension cables meet and the center of the chamber roots that are connected to each other is raised in this way to approximately the same level as the fixed fixture, and furthermore, if the diagonal main tension cables If the main tension cable is reinforced as a girder, the center of the roof may form a peak, which peak can also be at a higher level than the fixed attachment. Another result of using the bost tension cable is that the roof trough starts from the apex towards the attachment point of the bost tension cable which is pulled downwardly to the lateral top cables. , the fact that they occur in the opposite direction to the diagonal main tension cables that form the roof ridges.

Therefore, as an alternative, the roof structure may be formed by diagonal main tension cables forming roof ridges, with the roof valley being the connection point for each lateral top cable pulled downwardly from its apex. running towards If a roof cover is installed on this roof structure, its dead loads and live loads from wind, snow, thermal features, etc. will force the lateral top cables out of the falling plane. Become. To prevent this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each (!
For one top cable, at least one compression member is placed at one end thereof, primarily horizontally to the cable, and the other end of this member is placed on the same fixed fitting, lateral to the top cable. The cables are connected by a cable while the cables are under tension, and the other end of each compression member is connected to the top by a cross, shaped cable or other end of one of the compression members. via their tops, all in such a way that the lateral top cables are also reinforced to remain within the desired sides under load. In such a case, the first girder is formed by a tie goople and a compression member. It is clear that, when covering large surfaces, various other cables and members must form the roof structure in such a way that, apart from the cables, sufficient reinforcing means can support the roof cover to the extent possible. Dew.

These additional cables and members should be compared from a functional point of view to the diagonal cables, cruciform cables and compression members described above. As mentioned for the lateral top cables, in the plane of the roof structure and horizontally to it,
The cables and compression members are then placed at a strong angle using a sturdy girder.
It is possible to change to . The roof structure is of extreme strength such that a rigid roof structure can be employed, but a tent-like flexible roof can also be attached thereto. The cruciform cables extend in the compression member to terminate at the lowest point of the lateral top cables, which together clearly constitute the aforementioned roof valley.

According to the invention, as long as the roof has a symmetrical reference plane with respect to the fixed fixtures, the tension between all lateral top cables and all this diagonal main tension cable for symmetrical loads on the roof is It will be almost the same. In the case of the target reference plane of the roof, this is only partially true. One of the main advantages of the roof according to the invention is that it can cover almost any given reference surface. This is of course also true for fixed fittings. Rainwater collected on the roof naturally flows through the roof valleys to the sides of the roof, from where it can be drained by rain pipes if desired.

According to the invention, a particularly distinctive feature of this roof is that the cables and compression members are pre-cut to the desired length and are therefore not subjected to pre-tensioning forces on the actual site during manufacture and assembly; What a problem! This means that it can be assembled without any maintenance. Lower all cables and compression members,
Once adjusted to the correct length using a tensioner, the vertical tension cable is pulled downward over a pre-calculated distance to apply tension to the entire roof structure.

The previously described compression members are located primarily in the vertical direction in terms of roof loads, while the compression members installed for wind support and various other stability considerations are in the horizontal plane, and so on. You can run in various directions. If certain sections of the main cable or crucifix cable are relatively long, these can be reinforced into girders in a known manner by using one compression member and more than one cruciform cable. .

The roof structure of the invention provides greater flexibility so that truss cables placed below a suitable roof plane can be installed under suspended roofs, for example for lighting decorations, lifting devices and other interior fittings. It is also possible, for example, to design the securing element at an angle also in the horizontal plane.

According to the invention, this roof is characterized in that the cables and/or compression elements of the connecting structure constituting the upper side of the roof plane are primarily embedded in the roof covering. This achieves that the maintenance of these roof structural elements can be minimized and that the roof covering protects these elements against vibration and temperature effects.

Prevents wear caused by relative motion on the cable
be done.

Additionally, the roof consists of at least one supporting coarse mesh net above and nine mesh nets spaced apart below the net, with the lower net tightly anchored against the loosely tensioned roof structure. has been done. This or both nets are tensioned to the final design tension, together with the post-tensioning of the roof structure, at least before the first layer of roof covering is applied. As is clear from the above, the roof structure consisting of gooples and compression members is first attached to fixed fixtures and pretensioned to approximately reach the desired geometry. The net is then attached to the cable and locked, and the entire net, including the net, is then post-tensioned to the design tension by means of a downward post-tension cable.

After post-tensioning, the aforementioned roof valleys are formed in the roof plane, and the peaks and ridges reach the design level.

Due to the process described above, it is possible to apply a load to the roof structure, which has been lightly pretensioned at the edges, for example by an operator who places and locks the net. After post-tensioning the roof structure and netting, a stiffness comparable to classic girders made of strong bars and struts is achieved.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the suspended roof consists of a lower narrow mesh net and a coarse mesh net at a distance above this lower net, and the roof covering consists of a thin mesh net over which the roof covering is formed. After curing, a first layer of fine mesh netting is spread over the first layer of thickness such that a coarse mesh netting can be attached to a reinforcing tee if desired. On the other hand, when the second JO is attached, the coarse mesh net will be buried beneath it. If the net is sufficiently rough, the first layer can necessarily be attached through it.

The coarseness or fineness of these nets is the M L for strength.
It is determined not only by l,'q but also by considerations related to the viscosity of the roof covering material to be installed and the time required for curing. The property of retaining adequate moisture is also important. To achieve this effect, the netting can be constructed from a mat made of fiberglass and a roofing material made of expanded polyurethane foam, whereas for weather resistance it may be made of a roofing felt made of asphalt or similar material. M is glued. After curing the roof covering, the hemlock structure can be fully compared with a conventional solid roof as far as stiffness and strength are concerned.

A very significant advantage of the roof covering described above is that it consists of a very simple and inexpensive installation method.

After curing, the roofer can now walk on the first layer and thus finish the roof from the inside out. The foam used is that of perspiration. However, if an inorganic material is required, the invention therefore provides that the net comprises a glass fiber mat and the roof covering comprises a reinforcement of foam glass, for example, and that this reinforcement comprises a glass fiber mat. (fiber mat) and are mutually adhered thereto. Therefore, a fully weatherproof, rigid roof can be walked on, providing relatively high insulation performance. In this case, several elements are attached to the top of the support net, so that all the roof structural elements are in the space protected by the roof.

For protection primarily against wind loads, a second seat, for example made of a glass fiber mat, may be provided on top of the reinforced roof covering.

The suspended roof according to the invention has at least eight fixed fittings, one or more of which may be placed on the yoke or column, L, above the natural reference level, but these are pretensioned. It is held in place by a yoke or column cable, facing another fixed base. However, this fixed mounting part
The suspended roof according to the invention, which can be fixed to, for example, concrete walls, such as, for example, tanks or warehouses, is of great value because of its excellent insulation properties.

A further important advantage of the roof structure according to the invention is its safety against overloads. Whereas traditional reinforced roofs with old reinforced girders would have collapsed completely in case of overload, the suspended roof we have invented has a fixed attachment point that would collapse in case of overload. Flexible over a certain distance
Straining can also provide a means of providing some slack in the cable tension. It is therefore true that fractures or cracks may occur in the reinforced roof covering, but complete destruction is prevented.

In many cases, it will be possible to repair the fracture or crack after going through the process of re-tensioning the cable to its normal design tension. A major advantage of this is the fact that in many cases a lower safety factor can be used when designing the roof. Considerable economic advantages will be obtained.

Securing one or more cables at the end of a compression member is a very simple method according to the preferred practice, in which the compression member is of square or circular cross-section. consisting of a pipe, the bolt is passed through this member properly near its end, and one or more cables are placed parallel to the bolt shank in the longitudinal plane of this member. In this case, Franz' of the cable is placed in one place with the cable and the bolt [
The cables are pulled tightly and the cables are thus secured against the compression member in mutual alignment. Advantages over conventional reinforced roofs with reinforced girders include:

(1) Many cables? For example, by enclosing fixed attachments and other points of mutual encounter, this reduces the number of cables, equalizes the tension in the various parts of the cables, and makes it more economical to use tensioning means.

(2) The net is useful in the assembly work for attaching roofing materials, and also serves as a reinforcing material; its length is extremely short; and (3) the required columns and fixed attachment members are extremely large. small<
The roof structure is much smaller than that of a conventional roof.
It can be erected on top of existing buildings, and then old buildings that currently exist can be demolished.

(4) Columns, roof structures, roof coverings, including concrete foundations for fixed mounting members and anchor blocks for post-tensioning, are similar to conventional insulated roofs, including labor costs. It is 50% cheaper than the one that is cheaper than Ichika.
Up to 20% cheaper than traditional uninsulated roofs.

(5) The roof according to the present invention does not require supporting columns to be embedded in the foundation even when applying practical υl loads, and its architecture has a very large degree of freedom in design, so it can be constructed in almost any shape. There are almost no restrictions on the premises.
: can be built, thus making full use of the available land and giving architects great design freedom.

Finally, the method according to the invention makes it possible to remove a temporary auxiliary roof starting from the fixed mounting elements, beneath which a permanent suspended roof according to the invention can be erected in a dry manner. Because many roof covering materials are used, construction must be carried out in dry conditions, and in some cases, construction must be carried out at temperatures above a certain minimum temperature. This makes the roof particularly suitable for so-called all-weather buildings. The auxiliary roof will have the same structural layout as the main roof, but it will have a simpler shape, for example without insulation.

Furthermore, the thermal expansion of the various materials used is different from that of conventional roofs, and the elasticity of the roof covering material used also allows it to absorb thermal expansion by absorbing the seam filler. Temporary thermal and permanent displacements of the fixed mounting member can be sufficiently absorbed in this way.

In FIG. 1, the entire frame 1 is a rectangular building with a roof, the construction of which is in accordance with the invention. The building has two long sides 2 and two short sides 3. The foundation surface is surrounded by the sides 4-7. The four corners of the corners have so-called fixing fittings 8-11. These are formed by the confluence of the prisms; One of the prisms is shown as fixed fixture 8, while the other prisms are similar fixed fixtures. is based on the ground.The four corners of the ground below the ground have supporting blocks 16, from these blocks tether rings 17 extend above the ground.Front or supporting cables 18 are attached to these tethers 17, and a tensioning device 19 is integrated into the support cable, while the upper end of the support cable is attached to a corresponding fixing fitting 8.

It should be pointed out that the fixing fittings 8-11 can also be made in other ways. In one embodiment, the fixed fixture may be on the side of a wall or concrete, for example. Needless to say, this is an answer to the roof strength conditions described below.

As a rule, the roof structure has cables on the four sides 20.2
2.24.26, one end of the upper cable 20 is fixed firmly at point 11, and the cable runs diagonally around the fixed fitting 8 (now the diagonal tension main cable 21 and reaches the center 28 of the roof.Similarly, the upper cable 21 on the side also passes around the fixed fixture 9 and then becomes integrated with the diagonal main tension cable 23. All square cables are tension device 2
9 and are connected to each other at the center point 28 by a ring 30. Sarabanko, diagonal tension main cable 2
1.23.25.27 finally forms the ridges of the roof.

The top cable 20 of each side, together with a centrally mounted compression member 31 and internal stay cables 32 and 33, form the upper girder of the roof side. It becomes one with the tatake,
The internal stay cable 34 forms a compression member.

Since the internal hold-down cables 33 and 34 form one cable with the fixed fitting 84, one pull is assembled in the same way.

In order to hold the lateral upper cable 20 in the plane of the side wall 2, the lateral tension cable 36 is attached to the inner end 37 of the compression member 31.
and the central ring 30. In Figure 1,
A structure is shown in which the lateral tension cables 36 are connected to the corresponding lateral tension cables of the upper cables 24 on the sides. Side upper cable 2 on the short side of the building
The same holds true for the transverse tension cable between 2 and 26. Here, the necessary tensioning devices are also installed. The rear tension cable 39 is also attached to the point 38 where the compression member 31 is attached to the center of the upper cape/l/20 on the side, descends vertically and is attached to the annulus 42 by a tensioner 40 near the ground. . The ring 42 is firmly fixed to a post-tension ballast block 41 below the ground. Similarly, the other side of the post-tension cable is +! It is perpendicular to the center of the upper cable 22, 24, 26 on the side wall in the plane ζ of the wall. You can also do it.

The suspended roof structure according to the invention has been generally described above.

When building the roof, the rear tension cables 39 are first lowered and all the cables in the roof plane are brought into position for being lightly pre-tensioned by the front tension cables or support cables 18. The post-tension cables 39 are then pulled to pull all the cables forming the roof structure to the designed tensioner. When this is done, the center 38 of the upper cable on the side is vertically lowered, so that the compression member 31 continuous with the lateral tension cable 36 forms a roof valley, whereas the diagonal tension main Cables 21, 23, 25 and 27 form a roof ridge. The result is a taut roof with drainage channels running from the center of the roof to the center of the upper cable on the four sides. By forming the beams 20° 31.32.33 the roof is stretched taut on the horizontal plane.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which a compression member 31 continuous with a yellow tension cable 36 is stretched to form a vertical plane, and a vertex 28 is formed by a top ring 30.

(To illustrate this point, the top ring 30 is shown as a dot in Figure 2. Figure 2 may be considered to be a roof structure other than Figure 1.) Similarly, if necessary, Other cables on the roof may also be strained by pulling other cables on the side walls of the building.This can be done both at right angles to the plane of the roof or wall.

For this reason, the short vertical compression member 43 is
The lower cable 45, located at 0 and towards the center point 38 of the upper cable 20 on the corresponding side, is attached to the lower end 44 of the compression member. The lower cable 45G is equipped with a tensioning device.

Similarly, the lower support cable is stretched up to the upper cable 24 on the side, making it taut.

In many cases, the above-mentioned tension is insufficient due to size, so the next vertical compression member 47 is connected at point 37 and tied to the cable 45 (this string may be further subdivided). This subdivision is completed by connecting points 37 and 44 by means of a diagonal cable 48 fitted with a tensioning device.

Similarly, assume that the cables of other roof structures are also stretched.

The level of the vertices 28-30 is maintained by the cable 45 of the
(Note 1) This allows, on the one hand, the angle of inclination of the various roof planes to be chosen as desired; On the other hand, the lower cable 45 inside the building under the roof can be brought to the desired plane.

In particular, it is possible to bring all the lower cables 45 to the same horizontal plane. Sara (Here, the lower cable 45
It can be used as a support for mounting lighting equipment, etc. An analysis of the roof structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 shows that if the number of loaded compression members is kept as low as possible, the roof is kept taut by exclusively using cables for other members.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, it has been shown by way of example that a fastening device is provided between the end of the compression member. In this case, it is possible not only to combine one compression member and one cable, but also to combine one compression member and various cables; in the latter case, it is necessary that these cables run together with the compression member in the same plane. There is no.

The advantages of the connection described below are that, besides the simplicity and versatility of this device, i.e. its suitability for fastening one or more cables to the end of a compression member, it also while building, until the connections are finally tightened.
Relative movement of the cables relative to each other and in relation to the compression member is possible. Both the third and fourth figures are partly a cross-sectional view of this connection and the other part a cross-sectional view of this connection.
4 is a side view, and FIG. 4 is an elevational view taken along line 4--4G of FIG. According to the invention, the various cables run through points of varying direction, such as ridges or one of a number of fixed fittings, so that during the erection of a building or roof, the various cables are Although the points could be slid together as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, there is also another connection point where one of these cables breaks. Although this has not been shown, known cable configurations can be applied in this case, for example, attaching the cable ring to the cable clamp described above. Since an optional compression member is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the reference numeral 50 is also used for this member number. Near one end of it is a bolt 5 with a nut 51.
A zero-shaped pen extends directly through the two holes to the coma compression member. Therefore, if the cross section of the member is circular,
The axis of the bolt 53 follows the diameter line, but may also have a square or rectangular cross section. A U-shaped cable clamp 54 is mounted around the center of the shaft 53, with two
The two free ends are threaded. A known gripping jaw 55 is placed over this, and two nuts 56 allow it to be pushed further over the U-shaped cable. In this case, the cable and the shaft 53 are drawn together between the jaws and the U-shaped body.

As an example, two passing cables 57 and 58 have been shown. If the cable crosses the end of the compression member, it is recommended to prevent severe kinks or other damage to the cable by known means such as breaking sharp edges or protecting the cable with a cover.

Figures 3 and 4 show only examples of simple methods. That is, the entire cable system can be fixed to each other and to the compression members, and can be identified between the compression members, so that the compression members can be slightly You can give it to H.
Moreover, the member can be fixed after this.

If an excessive load is applied, protection against that load may be provided by attaching a fixed fixture to a means that, in the event of an overload, relaxes the tension in the cable to a predetermined degree by flexing a predetermined distance. It's okay.

In FIG. 1 this is easily made clear.

This is because the tensioned cable 18 is fitted with a relaxation link which will fail if a predetermined maximum load is applied.

(This is only shown in Figure 1). However, two other links parallel to this broken link are located at a predetermined distance,
That is, depending on the size of the building, it is provided with a length of %'+4, which allows it to retract by a length of a few centimeters and then tighten to take up the remaining load. This causes such a building structure to be slightly deformed, but the cable 4
The entire 19th structure remains intact and the tension is released sufficiently to prevent the structure from completely collapsing. Very flexible nets stretched over the roof can also handle these deformations without public appeal. Only in the actual roof cover,
Despite the increased spalling, the roof remains taut and stable as a rule. Failures that occur in taut roofs can often be easily repaired after the cable structure is brought back to its designed tensile strength.

Although not shown in the drawings, the Jt and net are fixed to the cable and compression member at the front tension stage. In this sense, tightening can be done with IJ knobs, fasteners, or other known methods. The stretched roof member may be attached to the net using known adhesives and may be further secured using metal or other fasteners. Once completed, the roof can be removed for inspection and maintenance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 shows a pickle with a roof according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows two girders in the valley of the suspended roof according to FIG. 1, and FIGS. are the two mutual elevations of the cable fitting attached to the compression member and installed on the suspended roof according to the invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (11) Supported by at least three fixed mounting members, the suspended roof structure is comprised of a cable lobe structure and has a weather-resistant roof force for channeling rainwater to the sides. The main tension cables in the diagonal direction come out from the fixed 11'Z attachment members and are joined together in the center of the roof to shape the roof core, and the side upper cables are connected to the 1r'4 In addition, each side of the LVfI cable 20, 2.24.26 is installed in the hanging hole in which the valley part of the roof is formed toward the cable in part of the side 1 with the li!11 fixed attachment part constant force member. One end attaches the fixing member 8, and 9.10.11 fl-+" Main tension cable '21.23.2
5.27 facing the center 28 of the roof, the loose ends of the front cables are at the ends of the main tension cables in the diagonal direction at the center 28, and each side upper cable is attached to a fixed member. are pulled vertically downwardly by a low-tension cable between each pair of cables, all of which are lifted up in the middle of the roof to form a roof crest 28, which crest has side cables and roof troughs 38. A suspended roof characterized by being able to be raised higher than the intersection of the two. (21 Each side upper cable 20 pull cable 39
One end of at least one compression member 31 is mounted approximately perpendicular to the cable 20 at the connection point with the cable 20, and the other end is connected to the fixed mounting member +8.11 of both (ill) by means of a cape I and , each compression member 31 and other t4
J
(: Suspended roof as described in Clause 1 of Box 5. (3: Roof structure, the cable forming the structural part is
F. The cable and/or compression member of the roof structure forming the first side of the roof surface is covered under the roof cover, with the compression member and reinforcing cable acting as tension members. A large hanging roof according to claim 1 or claim 2. (41 The roof has at least a coarse support net on the -L side,
At least the lower mesh net must be firmly attached to the roof structure under tension, at least at the beginning of the roof cover. The hanging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, before attaching the cap, the net is stretched to the final design tension together with the post-tensioning of the vertical structure. Large lowered roof. (5) The roof is made up of an upper mesh support 4=,', ;; and a net with a relatively wide mesh placed a predetermined distance below it. Claims characterized in that the roof covering material is sprayed onto the net in one or more layers of thickness such that it is completely embedded and serves as a reinforcement. Large hanging roof as described in Scope 4. (Claim 4) characterized in that the net consists of a glass fiber mat, the roofing material consists of sprayed polyurethane foam, and the layer attached to the upper side is made of bituminous roofing felt or the like. (7) A patent claim characterized in that the net is made of a glass fiber mat, the roofing material is replaced by a hard member such as foam glass, and they are fixed to the glass mat and each other in a frame. Suspended roof as described in Scope No. 7. 19) Overload , the predetermined distance rll;
Claims 1 to 8 are characterized in that the rIM fixing attachment member is provided with means for loosening the cable limit by a certain degree by having flexibility. large hanging roof. +11 One or more of the cables -L is fixed to the end of the compression member, the RTI clamping compression member consists of a vibrator of square or circular cross-section, and the bolt is attached near the end of said member. threading one or more cables parallel to the shank of the bolt in the longitudinal plane of said member and joining the cable clamp to secure the cables to each other and to the compression member. Claim 64 is characterized in that
The hanging large roof according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10.