JPH1133881A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sense breakage of a tool effectively by installing a breakage sensor in such an arrangement as not constituting obstacle for rise and fall of a spindle head and/or turning of a work table. SOLUTION: The hatched region in the attached illustration as surrounded by two-dotted chain lines shows a revolving space region 400 at revolving of a partitioning plate on a work table rotating round a revolving shaft which is located on the second axis 300 parallel with the rotary axis of a spindle. A breakage sensor 110 is mounted on the side of a column 20 at such a level as capable of turning in a horizontal plane situated over the revolving space region 400. When the spindle head 35 is sunk to a position shown by two-dotted chain line during processing, etc., the sensor 110 is in the standby position outside the elevating/sinking route of the spindle head 35 and does not make interference with the spindle head.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool equipped with a breakage detection sensor for detecting breakage of a working tool, and more particularly, to prevent interference with a vertical movement path of a spindle head and / or a turning range of a work table. The present invention relates to a machine tool provided with a breakage detection sensor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been proposed a method for detecting breakage of a working tool used in a machine tool in which a tool can be exchanged between a spindle and a tool magazine. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-305553 discloses a method for detecting a breakage of a processing tool of a machine tool and an apparatus to which the method is applied.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a main part of a machine tool to which the above-described tool breakage detecting method is applied, as viewed from above. As shown in the figure, a breakage detecting device 200 for detecting breakage of a working tool is attached to a column 344 via a column cover 202 and a bracket 204. The breakage detection device 200 includes a breakage detection sensor 210 and an air cylinder 226 for moving the breakage detection sensor 210 to a detection position. The breakage detection sensor 210 has a sensor main body 214 having a needle-shaped detector 216 at the tip attached to a free end of a sensor arm 212. Before the start of the detection operation, the breakage detection sensor 210 moves the column 3
44, and at the time of a breakage detection operation, the double-acting air cylinder 226 is operated, and
Direction away from column 344 around 8 (counterclockwise)
To rotate. As a result, the presence or absence of breakage is determined based on whether or not the detector 216 provided at the distal end of the sensor arm 210 contacts the distal end of the processing tool mounted on the main shaft 230.

[0004]

However, there is one important problem in applying the above tool breakage detecting method. That is a problem of the arrangement of the breakage detection sensor. At the time of machining with the machine tool, the spindle must be arranged at the machining position by lowering the spindle head according to the height of the workpiece fixed to the work table (see FIG. 2). Therefore, when the standby position of the breakage detection sensor 210 is in front of the column 344 as described above,
The descending spindle head 248 and the breakage detection sensor 210
The breakage detection sensor 210 must be disposed below the lower end surface of the spindle head at the lowered position so that the interference does not occur. However, when the breakage detection sensor 210 is disposed below, there is no problem in the standby state, but in the detection state, the detection position of the breakage detection sensor 210 is described later provided on a work table that fixes the workpiece. It interferes with the swiveling motion area of the partition (see FIG. 2).

As a result, the mounting position of the breakage detection sensor is restricted in the height direction, and when the breakage detection sensor is disposed below as described above, the breakage detection is waited until the worktable turning process is completed. Work efficiency problems.

The present invention relates to an improvement of a machine tool to which the above-described tool breakage detection method is applied. More specifically, a breakage detection sensor is arranged so as not to hinder the vertical movement of the spindle head and / or the turning of the work table. It is another object of the present invention to provide a machine tool capable of efficiently detecting a tool breakage.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention In view of the above-mentioned problems, a machine tool according to the present invention includes a main shaft that rotates while holding a processing tool at one end in a housing provided on a base. A spindle head accommodating the spindle, a column for supporting the spindle head in a vertically movable manner, a tool magazine accommodating a plurality of types of processing tools, and a first spindle parallel to a rotation axis of the spindle. A moving device for elevating and lowering at least to a tool changing position for performing tool change between the magazine and the magazine, a detector at a front end, a support shaft at a rear end, and A machine tool that is rotatable in a direction that intersects with the rotation axis of the main spindle and that detects a breakage of a processing tool held by the main spindle. F Characterized in that it is arranged outside the projection area of the de.

According to the above structure, since the breakage detecting sensor is arranged outside the projection area of the spindle head, that is, outside the vertical movement path of the spindle head and its extension area, the lowest position of the spindle head is limited. Without being
The degree of freedom in designing the spindle head can be increased.

The machine tool according to the present invention comprises a housing provided on a base, a spindle which holds a machining tool at one end and rotates, a spindle head which houses the spindle, and a spindle head which is provided forward. A column for supporting the vertical movement, a tool magazine for accommodating a plurality of types of processing tools, and the spindle head along a first axis parallel to a rotation axis of the spindle;
A moving device for elevating and lowering at least to a tool changing position at which a tool is changed between the magazine and a flat plate-shaped partition plate for partitioning a processing position for processing a workpiece and a loading position for loading the workpiece; A work table rotatable around a second axis parallel to the rotation axis of the spindle, a detector at the tip, and a support shaft at the rear end parallel to the rotation axis of the spindle. A machine tool having a breakage detection sensor that is rotatable about the support shaft in a direction intersecting the rotation axis of the main shaft and detects breakage of a processing tool held by the main shaft. The detection sensor does not interfere with the turning space area of the partition plate on the work table and the vertical movement path of the spindle head in the standby state, and at a position that does not interfere with the turning space area of the partition plate in the detection state. Arranged Or characterized in that the.

According to the above configuration, the breakage detection sensor is
At the standby position, the spindle head is arranged at a position where it does not interfere with the vertical movement area of the spindle head. Therefore, the movement range of the vertical movement of the spindle head is not limited by the arrangement of the breakage detection sensor. Further, even in the detection state, the breakage detection sensor is outside the turning space area of the work table, so that the breakage can be detected even when the worktable is turning.

The specific configuration of the machine tool of the present invention is as follows.
The breakage detection sensor, a detection position for detecting breakage of the processing tool held on the spindle, and in a direction away from the detection position and away from the spindle and the column, the vertical movement path of the spindle head, Rotation driving means for rotating between a standby position which does not interfere with the swirling space area of the partition plate may be provided.

According to the above-mentioned rotary driving means, the breakage detecting sensor does not limit the vertical movement range of the spindle head in the standby state. In addition, the mounting position of the breakage detection sensor has an effect that there is no restriction in the height direction as long as the mounting position is above the partition plate. Further, even if the work table is turning, detection can be started as long as the spindle is above the turning area of the partition plate on the work table, so that the detection processing can be performed efficiently after the machining operation.

Further, in the machine tool according to the present invention, the support shaft may include:
It may be characterized by being arranged on the lateral side behind the front surface of the column. Since the breakage detection sensor of the present invention pivots from the outside (a position away from the main shaft and the column) to the axis position of the main shaft, the position of the support shaft that rotatably supports the breakage detection sensor is located on the side of the column. Can be placed. For this reason, a drive mechanism such as an air cylinder can be disposed behind the front surface of the column. As a result, it is possible to effectively reduce the scattering of chips and cutting oil during machining into internal mechanisms such as an air cylinder. Further, the effect that the apparatus itself can be made compact can be obtained.

Further, in the machine tool according to the present invention, the support shaft may be arranged in front of the column and close to a side wall of the housing. For example, a flange may be provided on the side wall of the housing, and the support shaft of the breakage detection sensor may be rotatably attached to the flange. Also,
A support may be provided on the base, and the breakage detection sensor may be installed on the support. With such a configuration, there is no need to consider whether or not it interferes with the vertical movement path of the main shaft.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in order to further clarify the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples at all, and it goes without saying that the embodiments can be implemented in various modes as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the appearance of a machine tool according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view showing the machine tool with its housing removed, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the device, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an air supply path to the breakage detection device of this embodiment and a cable for transmitting a signal of a breakage detection sensor, and FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of the breakage detection device of this embodiment. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, a machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment has a base 2 on which various internal mechanisms to be described later are mounted and which is covered with a housing 3. An operation panel 6 and a door 4 are provided on a front wall of the housing 3, and an operator opens the door 4 to exchange tools stored in a tool magazine and to attach and detach a workpiece to and from a work table. .

FIG. 2 shows the internal mechanism of the machine tool according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment is equipped with a tool magazine 60 for accommodating a plurality of types of machining tools and a machining tool. Spindle 30 for processing a workpiece and spindle 3
And a column 2 that holds the spindle head 35 and guides the vertical movement of the spindle head 35.
0, X-axis slide 13 relating to movement of main shaft 30 in the horizontal plane
And a Y-axis slide 17, a breakage detecting device 100 for detecting breakage of a processing tool, a work table device 40 for fixing a workpiece, and the like. The details will be described below.

A pair of guide rails 11 are provided on the upper surface of the base 10 provided on the base 2 so as to extend in the X-axis direction (perpendicular to the paper), and the X-axis slide 13 can slide in the X-axis direction. I support it. This X-axis slide 13 has
A nut 16 screwed to a ball screw 18 rotated by an X-axis direction drive motor (not shown) is mounted. The X-axis slide 13 is moved in the X-axis direction by driving the X-axis direction drive motor.

A pair of guide rails 15 are provided on the upper surface of the X-axis slide 13 in the Y-axis direction (the direction orthogonal to the X-axis in the horizontal plane).
It is slidably supported in the axial direction. This Y-axis slide 1
7 is provided with a nut (not shown) screwed to a ball screw rotated by a Y-axis direction drive motor (not shown). The Y-axis slide 17 is moved in the Y-axis direction by driving the Y-axis direction drive motor.

A column 20 is fixed upright on the Y-axis slide 17, and a front surface of the column 20 has a first axial direction parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft, that is, a Z-axis direction (vertical direction). ) Is provided, and supports the spindle head 35 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. The spindle head 35 has a Z-axis direction drive motor 2
A nut (not shown) is screwed onto the ball screw rotated by 3. The spindle head 35
Is moved up and down by the drive of the Z-axis direction drive motor 23. A spindle 30 extending in the Z-axis direction is accommodated in the front of the spindle head 35, and the spindle 30 is provided with a processing tool 80 at a lower end thereof, and is rotated by a spindle drive motor 38 provided above the spindle head 35. Driven.

A tool magazine 60 is mounted in front of the column 20 via a frame 24. The tool magazine 60 is configured such that the rotating body 65 is rotatably attached to the frame 24. The rotating body 65 is provided with ten grip arms 62 for holding a tool holder 82 at equal angular intervals. Each of the grip arms 62 is a barrel cam that uses the index motor 25 as a driving source. By being intermittently rotated by a device (not shown), the tool is sequentially moved to the lowermost tool change position. The rotating body 65 and the grip arm 62 are covered by a cover 64 fixed to the frame 24. Further, a partition cover 90 is provided between the tool magazine 60 and the door 4 so as to be openable and closable.

Further, on the base 2 in front of the column 20, a rotary table device 40 is provided so as to be rotatable around a turning shaft 42 on a second axis parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft 30. A drive motor 4 is provided above the rotary table device 40.
4, a work table 41 is provided which is driven to rotate by a thin plate-shaped partition plate 43 extending with a predetermined width in the X-axis direction (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface) in the figure. It is divided into a region for processing the workpiece (processing position) and a region for charging (loading position). The partition plate 43 and the partition cover 90 prevent chips, cutting oil, and the like of the workpiece from scattering from the processing region to the charging region.

On the side surface of the column 20, a breakage detecting device 100 according to the main part of the present invention is mounted. As shown in FIG. 3 in detail, the breakage detection device 100 is housed and protected by a breakage detection sensor 110 that rotates on a horizontal plane to detect breakage of a processing tool, and a tubular bracket 150. And an air cylinder 126 related to the turning operation of the breakage detection sensor 110. The air cylinder 126 is mounted on the column 20 via a mounting plate 152.

The breakage detection sensor 110 includes a sensor body 11
A needle-like detector 116 extends from the distal end of No. 2 and is screwed to the distal end of a sensor arm 114 having a square cross section. The sensor body 110 and the distal end of the sensor arm 114 are covered by a cover 115 having a square cross section fixed to the sensor body 112 by bolts 111 and protected from chips and cutting oil scattered outside. . A vertical support shaft 1 is provided at the rear end of the sensor arm 114.
The support shaft 119 is rotatably fitted to the boss member 106 erected near the opening in the bracket.

At the rear end of the sensor arm 114, a tab-shaped lug 1 for transmitting the operation of the air cylinder 126 is provided.
18 are protruded. The lug 118 is provided at a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the breakage detection sensor 110 in order to restrict the rotation angle of the breakage detection sensor 110 as described later. The tip of the lug 118 is connected to the tip of the piston rod 124 of the air cylinder 126 via a pin 120 so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, that is, the axis of the pin 120.

The air cylinder 126 includes a bracket 150
Is mounted rotatably around a vertical axis, that is, the axis of the pin 132 via a pin 132. The air cylinder 126 is a double-acting cylinder, and has two air chambers 1.
As shown in FIG. 4, reference numerals 21 and 123 denote an electromagnetic directional control valve 145 mounted on the upper surface of the pipe 135 and the column 20.
Is connected to an air source 147 (see FIG. 2).

The air chambers 121 and 123 are selectively connected to the air source 147 and the atmosphere by switching the electromagnetic directional control valve 145. Air chamber 1 in front of air cylinder 126
21 communicates with the air source 147, and when the rear air chamber 123 is open to the atmosphere, the piston rod 124 is contracted, and the breakage detection sensor 110 is parallel to the Y-axis direction as shown by a solid line in FIG. As a result, it is positioned at a standby position that does not hinder processing.

Conversely, when the air chamber 123 behind the air cylinder 126 communicates with the air source 147 and the front air chamber 121 is open to the atmosphere, the piston rod 124 extends, and the breakage detection sensor 110 Arm 114,
It turns clockwise in the figure around the support shaft 119. As a result, the detector 116 is moved to a detection position near the rotation axis of the main shaft 30 as shown by a two-dot chain line.

The end point of the counterclockwise turning motion of the breakage detection sensor 110 due to the contraction of the piston rod 124,
That is, the standby position is defined by one side surface of the ear piece 118 abutting on the stopper 140. At this time, the stopper 140 is set so that the breakage detection sensor 110 is parallel to the Y-axis direction at the standby position. On the other hand, the end point of the clockwise turning movement of the breakage detection sensor 110 accompanying the extension of the piston rod 124 is determined by the ear piece 11
8 is defined by the other side contacting the stopper 142. At this time, the stopper 142 is set so that the detector 116 of the breakage detection sensor 110 is located at a position slightly beyond the axis of the main shaft.

The basic principle of the method for detecting breakage is the same as that described in JP-A-5-305553. That is, the signal cables 161, 163 shown in FIG.
Are connected to a control device (not shown), and when a breakage detection command is output, the main shaft 30 moves up and is moved to a position calculated to move the tip of the working tool 80 to the breakage detection position. Then, the air cylinder 126 is actuated, the breakage detection sensor 110 is turned, and a signal is sent depending on whether or not the tip of the processing tool 80 supported on the main shaft 30 has been contacted. Is
An alarm indicating the occurrence of breakage is issued.

In FIG. 5, the spindle head 35 indicated by a two-dot chain line shows a state where the spindle head 35 is lowered to the lowermost end, and a hatched area surrounded by the two-dot chain line corresponds to the rotation axis of the spindle. Pivot 42 on a second parallel axis 300
(See FIG. 2) A space area swept when the partition plate 43 on the worktable 41 rotating around swivels, that is, a swirl space area 400 is shown. The breakage detection sensor 1
Numeral 10 is a height position at which it can rotate in a horizontal plane above the swirling space area 400, and is disposed on the side surface of the column 20. Further, the breakage detection sensor 110 is provided with the spindle head 3.
When the spindle head 5 is lowered to the position shown by the two-dot chain line in the drawing at the time of machining or the like, the spindle head 35 is at the standby position (the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 3) outside the vertical movement path of the spindle head 35. Does not interfere with

As described above, the breakage detection sensor 110 of this embodiment does not interfere with the vertical movement path of the spindle head 35 and the turning space area of the partition plate 43 on the work table 41 in the detection state. After the end, as soon as the spindle head 35 moves up and comes out of the turning space area of the partition plate 43, the breakage can be detected. That is, even if the work table 41 is turning, the breakage can be detected.

Further, the breakage detection sensor 110 of this embodiment
Is pivoted from the outside to the position of the axis of the main shaft.
It is not necessary to arrange 9 in front of the column 20. That is, in FIG. 5, the support shaft 119 that rotatably supports the breakage detection sensor 110 can be arranged on the lateral side behind the front surface of the column 20. For this reason, chips and cutting oil scattered in the air cylinder and the like in the breakage detection sensor 110 in the machining process are effectively reduced by the column 20 acting as a barrier. Also, as described above, the support shaft 11
Arranging 9 behind the front surface of column 20 also leads to downsizing of the device itself.

The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the breakage detecting sensor 310 is mounted on the base 302 at a position close to the side wall of the housing 303. May be provided and rotatably arranged on the support column 320. However, in this case, the column 320 is provided at a position that does not interfere with the turning of the work table 341 and the partition plate 343 provided on the upper surface thereof, and the breakage detection sensor 310 is provided above the partition plate 343. And

Alternatively, the support shaft 319 of the breakage detection sensor 310 may be rotatably attached to the side wall of the housing 303. However, also in this case, the breakage detection sensor 310 is provided above the partition plate 343.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the appearance of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the machine tool according to the embodiment with a housing removed.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a breakage detection device according to a main part of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an air supply path to a breakage detection device according to the present embodiment and a cable that transmits a signal from a breakage detection sensor.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the vicinity of the breakage detection device according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a modified example of the machine tool of the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing a conventional breakage detecting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... machine tool, 10 ... base, 13 ...
X-axis slide, 17 ... Y-axis slide, 20 ...
Column, 22: Linear guide, 23: Z-axis drive motor, 30: Spindle, 35: Spindle head, 38: Spindle drive motor, 40: Rotary table device, 41 ..Work table, 43 ... partition plate, 44 ... drive motor, 60 ... tool magazine, 62 ... grip arm, 80 ... working tool, 90 ... partition cover, 100 ...・ Breakage detection device, 110 ・ ・ ・ Breakage detection sensor, 112 ・ ・ ・ Sensor body, 114 ・ ・ ・ Sensor arm, 116 ・ ・ ・ Detector, 118 ・ ・ ・ Ear piece, 121, 123 ・ ・ ・ Air chamber, 124: piston rod 126: air cylinder 140, 142: stopper 150
... Bracket, 152 ... Mounting plate

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A spindle provided on one end of a housing provided on a base for holding a processing tool and rotating, a spindle head accommodating the spindle, and a column for supporting the spindle head in a forward and downward movement. A tool magazine accommodating a plurality of types of machining tools; and a vertical movement of the spindle head along a first axis parallel to a rotation axis of the spindle to a tool exchange position at which tool exchange is performed at least with the magazine. A moving device for moving, a detector at a tip, a support shaft at a rear end, and rotatable around the support shaft in a direction intersecting a rotation axis of the main shaft, the main shaft holding the main shaft; A machine tool comprising: a breakage detection sensor that detects breakage of a processing tool; wherein the breakage detection sensor is arranged outside a projection area of the spindle head in a standby state. 2. A spindle provided in one end of a housing provided on a base for holding a machining tool, rotating the spindle, a spindle head accommodating the spindle, and a column for supporting the spindle head in a forward and downward movement. A tool magazine accommodating a plurality of types of machining tools; and a vertical movement of the spindle head along a first axis parallel to a rotation axis of the spindle to a tool exchange position at which tool exchange is performed at least with the magazine. A moving device for moving, a flat plate-shaped partition plate for partitioning a processing position for processing the workpiece and a loading position for loading the workpiece is erected on the upper surface, and a second partition parallel to a rotation axis of the main shaft is provided. A worktable rotatable around the axis of the second shaft, a detector at the tip, a support shaft at the rear end parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft, and intersecting the rotation axis of the main shaft around the support shaft. In the direction of A breakage detection sensor for detecting breakage of the processing tool held by the spindle, wherein the breakage detection sensor, in a standby state, a turning space area of the partition plate on the work table and the spindle head. A machine tool, wherein the machine tool is arranged at a position that does not interfere with a vertical movement path and does not interfere with a turning space area of the partition plate in a detection state. 3. The spindle head, wherein the breakage detection sensor is located at a detection position for detecting breakage of a processing tool held on the spindle, in a direction away from the detection position and away from the spindle and the column. 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, further comprising: a rotation drive unit configured to rotate between a vertical movement path of the moving member and a standby position that does not interfere with a turning space area of the partition plate. 4. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the support shaft is disposed on a lateral side behind a front surface of the column. 5. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the support shaft is disposed in front of the column and close to a side wall of the housing.