JPH11317238A - Fuel cell system for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the heating up of a fuel cell stack by arranging the fuel cell stack in a ram air path of a vehicle. SOLUTION: A fuel cell stack 2 in a fuel cell system for a vehicle is arranged in a ram air path of the vehicle to cool it by the ram air. Although the load to the fuel cell is increased with increase in car speed and the calorific power of the fuel cell is also increased, cooling effect to the fuel cell stack 2 is also increased. Although part of water supplied to an air manifold is vaporized, water vapor is condensed with a water condenser 51 and recovered. A heat exchanger 52 in the water condenser 51 is arranged in a ram air path to enhance the heat exchange function of the heat exchanger 52, and thereby, the capacity required to the heat exchanger 52 is decreased, so that the heat exchanger 52 and also the water condenser 51 can be made compact.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell system for a vehicle. More specifically, a PEM type fuel cell having a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, which supplies water in a liquid state to an air electrode (hereinafter, referred to as a "water direct injection type fuel cell system") To improvements when applied to vehicles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A PEM fuel cell body has a structure in which a polymer solid electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between a fuel electrode and an air electrode. Each of the fuel electrode and the air electrode includes a catalyst layer containing a catalyst substance, and an electrode device that supports the catalyst layer, supplies a reaction gas, and has a function as a current collector. A separator (connector plate) is further provided outside the fuel electrode and the air electrode, in which a reaction gas is uniformly supplied from the outside to the inside of the electrode and a gas flow groove for discharging excess gas to the outside is provided. The separator prevents current permeation and performs current collection for taking out the generated current to the outside.

A unit cell is composed of the fuel cell body and the separator. In an actual fuel cell system, a large number of such cells are stacked in series to form a stack. In the fuel cell main body, generally, heat having a calorific value substantially corresponding to generated power is generated. Therefore, in order to prevent the fuel cell body from excessively heating up, a cooling plate is built in the stack. A cooling medium, such as air or water, is circulated through the cooling plate through a passage arranged in the cooling plate to cool the stack, thereby maintaining the fuel cell body at a desired temperature.

[0004] The electromotive force of the fuel cell having such a configuration is such that electrons are generated as the electrochemical reaction proceeds as a result of fuel gas being supplied to the fuel electrode side (anode) and oxidizing gas being supplied to the air electrode side. Then, the electrons are generated by extracting the electrons to an external circuit. That is, the hydrogen ions obtained at the fuel electrode (anode) move in the electrolyte membrane containing water to the air electrode (cathode) side in the form of protons (H ₃ O ⁺ ), and are transferred to the fuel electrode (anode). The electrons thus obtained move through the external load to the cathode (cathode) side and react with oxygen in the oxidizing gas (including air) to produce water, extracting electrical energy through a series of electrochemical reactions. Because you can do it.

[0005] In the above, since protons take a hydrated state when moving through the electrolyte membrane from the fuel electrode toward the air electrode, if the electrolyte membrane is dried, the ionic conductivity decreases, and energy conversion occurs. Efficiency is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to supply moisture to the solid electrolyte membrane in order to maintain good ion conduction. For this purpose, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are humidified to supply moisture. In addition, on the anode electrode side, it is necessary to maintain a more humidified state of hydrogen gas in order to properly continue the electrode reaction, and there have been various proposals on humidification methods of fuel gas.

On the other hand, a method of humidifying the process air has been proposed. However, in order to humidify the air electrode heated by the reaction heat (usually at about 80 ° C.), the process air at a normal temperature is required. Must be preheated in a humidifier. This is to make the amount of saturated water vapor coincide with the environment around the air electrode. Therefore, the humidifier has a complicated configuration that requires a water supply function and a process air heating function. In the fuel cell device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-14599, water required for humidification is sprayed into process air by providing an injection nozzle in an air introduction pipe. When the injection nozzle is located on the upstream side of the compressor, the sprayed water is evaporated by heat accompanying the compression of the process air, and humidifies the air electrode in a state of steam. In this device, an air humidifier is further added as needed. In any case, in the conventional technique, water is supplied to the electrolyte membrane by mixing water vapor into the air.

Further, in the fuel cell apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-266004, the gas discharged from the fuel electrode (the unreacted hydrogen gas Is included in the air electrode side, and the hydrogen gas therein is burned at the air electrode. Since reaction water (recovered water) is generated in the combustion, sufficient water can be supplied to the electrolyte membrane in such a fuel cell device without particularly adding a humidifier.

[0008]

[Summary of Disclosure in Earlier Application] Further research has revealed the following matters. By the electrolyte membrane of the thickness less than the predetermined value,
When a fuel cell is configured, water generated by the reaction of protons with oxygen in the air at the air electrode reversely permeates the electrolyte membrane from the air electrode to the hydrogen electrode. The reverse osmosis water allows the electrolyte membrane to be maintained in a suitable wet state, so that hydrogen (fuel gas) is generated on the hydrogen electrode (anode electrode) side.
No need to humidify. However, it has been found that the water on the air electrode side of the electrolyte membrane evaporates due to the introduced air (oxidizing gas) flow on the air electrode (cathode electrode) side, so that the water on the air electrode side of the electrolyte membrane becomes insufficient. .

Therefore, the earlier application proposed a water direct injection type fuel cell system in which water is supplied in a liquid state to an air electrode of a fuel cell body. According to the fuel cell system configured as described above, water supplied to the surface of the air electrode preferentially removes latent heat from the air, so that evaporation of water from the electrolyte membrane on the air electrode side is prevented. Therefore, the electrolyte membrane always maintains a uniform wet state without drying on the air electrode side. Therefore, the performance of the fuel cell system and / or
Or, the durability is improved.

Further, when water is supplied to the air electrode in a liquid state, the water supplied to the surface of the air electrode also removes heat from the air electrode itself and cools it, thereby reducing the temperature of the fuel cell body. Can control. That is, the fuel cell main body can be cooled without adding a cooling plate to the fuel cell stack.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventor has made intensive studies to apply the water direct injection type fuel cell system proposed in the earlier application to a vehicle. As a result, I noticed the next problem to be solved. Fuel cell systems for driving vehicles are required to have higher efficiency, more compact volume and lighter weight. In a fuel cell system for a vehicle, a high load is applied to the fuel cell body when the vehicle is running, especially during acceleration.
The calorific value increases. Therefore, in the water injection type fuel cell system, if the water is simply supplied to the air electrode in a liquid state, the fuel cell main body and eventually the fuel cell stack may be heated up.

[0012]

Means for Solving the Problems A first aspect of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the configuration thereof is as follows. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel cell stack; and means for supplying water in a liquid state to an air electrode of the fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell stack is provided in a ram-like passage of the vehicle. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, wherein the fuel cell system is arranged.

According to the vehicle fuel cell system according to the first aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell stack is driven by the ram during running of the vehicle, in which a high load is applied to the fuel cell stack and the calorific value increases. Cooled by wind. Therefore, the fuel cell stack is prevented from being excessively heated up. Further, since there is a cooling effect by the ram wind, the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell stack in the water direct injection type can be reduced. Therefore, each device of the water supply system in the fuel cell system including the capacity required for the water tank can be made compact, and the weight can be reduced.

In the above description, the ram wind refers to the flow of air passing through the inside of a vehicle (particularly, the inside of the hood of the vehicle) as the vehicle advances. Inside the hood of this vehicle,
A fuel cell system for power generation, a power converter, a motor for driving a vehicle, and the like are housed therein. As the vehicle travels, the outside air is taken into the hood through an opening at the front of the vehicle, particularly from the front grill, and a part of the air passes through the room. In consideration of the cooling effect, it is preferable to dispose the fuel cell stack in a portion where the ram wind is strongest (a portion of the front grill in a car). Further, an opening for taking in outside air may be separately provided on the hood of the vehicle, and the fuel cell stack may be arranged at a portion where the ram wind taken in from there is strongest.

The fuel cell body is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect can be obtained by supplying water to the air electrode in a liquid state. In the embodiment, a PEM type fuel cell body is adopted. The fuel cell body is sandwiched between separators to form a unit unit of the fuel cell. A fuel cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of these unit units. The means for supplying water to the air electrode of the fuel cell stack in a liquid state is not particularly limited as long as the function can be achieved.
In the embodiment, the configuration is such that water is sprayed from a nozzle disposed above the entrance of the air flow path of the fuel cell stack.

The electrolyte membrane is maintained in a wet state and / or
Alternatively, from the viewpoint of cooling the fuel cell stack, at the time of this application, water is considered as a heat medium supplied to the air electrode. Of course, if another heat carrier having a similar function is developed in the future, it is equivalent to water.

The vehicle fuel cell system according to the second aspect of the present invention is configured as follows. That is, in the vehicle fuel cell system according to the first aspect, a condenser for condensing and recovering the moisture of the air discharged from the fuel cell stack is further provided, and the condenser is also disposed in the ram-like passage. I have.

According to the second aspect of the present invention configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of the first aspect of the present invention, a ram wind hits the condenser and the cooling function thereof is enhanced. That is, a general condenser is provided with a fan, and wind is forcibly sent to a heat exchanger for condensing moisture in the exhaust air. Here, if the ram wind can be used, the output required of the fan decreases. Therefore, the compact, lightweight, and energy-saving condenser can be achieved.

The vehicle fuel cell system according to the third aspect of the present invention is configured as follows. That is, a vehicular fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack and a cooling system that circulates a refrigerant to cool the fuel cell stack, wherein the heat exchanger of the cooling system generates a ram wind of the vehicle. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, which is disposed in a passage.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the fuel cell stack is subjected to a high load and generates a large amount of heat, the heat exchange of the cooling system of the fuel cell stack during running and acceleration is performed. The cooling function of the vessel is enhanced by the ram wind. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the heat exchanger and the power consumption of the fuel cell power generation system.

The cooling system for cooling the fuel cell stack is preferably a reduced-pressure cooling system in order to make it compact. It is preferable to use water as the refrigerant of the reduced pressure cooling system. This is because each separator of the fuel cell stack is made of carbon, and if an organic refrigerant is used, mainly the organic binder of the separator may be dissolved.

A vehicle fuel cell system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is configured as follows. That is, in the vehicle fuel cell system according to the third aspect, a condenser for condensing and recovering the moisture of the air discharged from the fuel cell stack is further provided, and the condenser is also disposed in the ram-like passage. I have.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention configured as described above, in addition to the function and effect of the third aspect, a ram wind hits the condenser and the cooling function thereof is enhanced. That is, a general condenser is provided with a fan, and wind is forcibly sent to a heat exchanger for condensing moisture in the exhaust air. Here, if the ram wind can be used, the output required of the fan decreases. Therefore, the compact, lightweight, and power-saving condenser can be achieved.

The fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is configured as follows. Fuel cell stack, hydrogen storage alloy, means for reacting hydrogen with oxygen in air to obtain thermal energy, means for applying the heat energy to the hydrogen storage alloy, and means for releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy, A fuel cell system comprising: means for raising the temperature of a part of the air discharged from the fuel cell stack by hydrogen released from the storage alloy, and introducing the heated air to the thermal energy obtaining means.

According to the system of the fifth aspect of the present invention configured as described above, a part of the air heated by the fuel cell stack is converted into high-temperature hydrogen (for example, 170 to 200) released from the hydrogen storage alloy. ℃) and introduces it into thermal energy acquisition means such as a catalytic combustor.
The combustion efficiency in the catalytic combustor is improved. Therefore,
The total thermal efficiency of the system is improved.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 2,
The fuel supply system includes a fuel supply system 10, an air supply system 40, a water supply system 50, a load system 70, and a control system 80.

The fuel cell stack 2 is formed by connecting a plurality (about 30 to 100) of unit cells of a fuel cell. This unit is, as shown in FIG.
The fuel cell body in which the solid polymer electrolyte 5 is sandwiched between the fuel cell 4 and the fuel electrode 4 is further sandwiched between carbon black separators 6 and 7. Although the shape of the unit unit is not particularly limited, an air flow path 8 through which air flows is formed between the separator 6 and the air electrode 3 in a vertical direction. A hydrogen gas flow path 9 through which hydrogen gas flows is formed between the separator 7 and the fuel electrode 4. This fuel cell stack 2
Is located in the ram-like passage of the vehicle. Therefore, the fuel cell stack 2 is cooled by the ram wind. When the vehicle speed is high, the load on the fuel cell stack 2 is increased and the amount of heat generated is increased.

Hydrogen gas is introduced from the fuel supply system 10 into the hydrogen gas flow path 9 and discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 continuously or intermittently. A general-purpose fuel supply system 10 can be used, and storage and release of hydrogen are performed using a hydrogen storage alloy. The air supply system 40 supplies the air from the air manifold 45 to the air flow path 8 of the fuel cell stack 2, and discharges the air discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 through a water condenser 51.

In this embodiment, a plurality of nozzles 55 are arranged in the air manifold 45, from which water is supplied in a liquid state during intake. Most of this water reaches the water condenser 51 while maintaining the liquid state, and is sent to the tank 53 as it is to be collected. Part of the supplied water evaporates and is condensed and recovered in the water condenser 51. In the water condenser 51, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 52 is disposed in a ram-like passage. Thereby, the heat exchange function (cooling air and condensing water) in the heat exchanger 52 is assisted or strengthened by the ram wind. Therefore, the capacity required for the heat exchanger 52 itself is reduced,
Thus, the heat exchanger 52 and, consequently, the water condenser 51 can be made more compact than those not using the ram wind.

The water supply system 50 supplies water from the tank 53 to the nozzle 5
5 is a closed system in which the water is supplied to the air manifold 45, and this water is collected by the water condenser 51 and returned to the tank 53. Of course, since it is impossible to completely close the water supply system 50, the water level in the tank 53 is monitored, and if the water level exceeds a predetermined threshold, water is supplied from outside. It is preferable to attach a heater to the tank 53 so that the water in the tank 53 does not freeze in winter.

The water in the tank 53 is pumped by a pump 61 to a nozzle 55 disposed in an air manifold, and is continuously or intermittently jetted from the nozzle 55 to the surface of the air electrode 3. This water is supplied to the air electrode 3 of the fuel cell stack 2 and preferentially removes latent heat from the air, so that evaporation of water from the electrolyte membrane 5 on the air electrode 3 side is prevented. Therefore, the electrolyte membrane 5 does not dry on the side of the air electrode 3 and always maintains a uniform wet state. Further, the water supplied to the surface of the air electrode 3 also removes heat from the air electrode 3 itself and cools it. The temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 can be controlled by the cooling effect and the cooling effect by the ram wind.

The load system 70 extracts the output of the fuel cell stack 2 to the outside and drives a load such as a motor 77.
The output of the load system 70 is also provided to the pump 61 of the water supply system 50 and the controller 81 of the control system 80.

The control system 80 monitors the effect of the ram wind on the fuel cell stack 2, controls the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell stack 2, and maintains the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2. The controller 81 includes a CP (not shown).
U and a memory. A program for controlling the operation of the CPU is stored in the memory, and the CPU processes input data and controls the operation of the pump 61 based on the program. Reference numeral 83 in the figure denotes a temperature sensor,
The temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is monitored.

Next, the operation of the fuel cell system 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Note that all operations performed in the following operations are performed by the CPU of the controller 81 based on a program stored in a memory.

After the start, the pump 61 is operated, the water in the tank 53 is jetted from the nozzle 55 into the air manifold 45, and the water is supplied to the air electrode 3 of the fuel cell stack 2 in a liquid state (step 1). . As a result, the fuel cell stack 2 is cooled in advance, and so-called burn-in in the electrolyte membrane or the like at the time of starting the system is prevented.

Thereafter, the air supply system 40 is turned on, and then the fuel supply system 10 is turned on to start up the system 1.
(Step 2). A ram wind is generated as the vehicle travels, and the ram wind starts air cooling of the heat exchanger 52 of the fuel cell stack 2 and the water condenser 51 (step 3).

In step 4, the cooling capacity Y by the ram wind is calculated based on the temperature of the ram wind detected by a thermometer (not shown) and the running speed of the vehicle detected by a speedometer attached to the vehicle. The memory of the controller stores in advance the relationship between the temperature and running speed of the ram wind and the cooling capacity Y,
Performs the operation of step 4 with reference to this relationship. On the other hand, in step 5, based on the actual output of the fuel cell stack 2 corresponding to traveling, the total calorific value Z of the fuel cell stack 2 is similarly calculated by the CPU. Note that the memory of the controller stores the relationship between the output and the total heat generation amount of the fuel cell stack 2 in advance, and the CPU refers to this relationship to perform the calculation in step S5.

In step 6, the difference between the total heat value Z of the fuel cell stack 2 and the cooling capacity Y by the ram wind is calculated. Then, a water amount appropriate for cooling the heat amount of the difference (Z−Y) is calculated. In step 7, the pump 61 is controlled by the controller 81 so that this amount of water is ejected from the nozzle 55.

In step 8, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is detected by the temperature sensor 83, and this temperature is compared with a preset temperature (50 to 60 ° C.) stored in a predetermined memory. If the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is within the set temperature, a steady running mode (step 9) is set, and the output of the pump 61, that is, the direct water injection amount is stabilized. On the other hand, if the temperature deviates from the standard temperature, the process returns to step 4 to adjust the water direct injection amount.

When the above operation is viewed from another direction, the cooling of the fuel cell stack 2 is performed exclusively by the water supplied from the nozzle 5, but a cooling action by the ram wind is added. Therefore, excessive heating up of the fuel cell stack 2 is reliably prevented.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 4, the same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and in FIG. 5, the same steps as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
In the fuel cell system 100 of this embodiment, a cooling system 110 for cooling the fuel cell stack 2 is provided.

The cooling system 110 circulates water as a coolant between the fuel cell stack 2 and a heat exchanger 111 having a well-known configuration. Reference numeral 112 denotes a pump for that purpose, and power for the pump 112 is taken from the fuel cell stack 2 itself. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 111 is arranged in a ram-like passage. Thereby, the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger for water is assisted or enhanced by the ram wind. Therefore, this can be made more compact than the one that does not use the ram wind.

In this embodiment, the pump 1 of the cooling system 110
12 is also controlled by the controller 181 of the control system 180. That is, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5, in step 106, the amount V of water to be ejected from the nozzle 55 and the cooling system
The cooling capacity C required for 10 is calculated. To execute this calculation, the total heat generation Z is stored in the memory in the controller.
Capacity Y and water jet volume V due to ram wind and cooling system 11
The relationship with the cooling capacity C is stored in advance when 0 is obtained. In step 107, the output of the pump 61 of the water supply system 50 and the output of the pump 112 of the cooling system 110 are controlled based on the water ejection amount V and the cooling capacity C obtained in step 106.

The arrangement of the heat exchanger 111 of the cooling system 110 attached to the fuel cell stack 2 in the ram-like passage is not limited to the water direct injection type fuel cell system.

FIG. 6 shows a fuel cell system 2 according to the third embodiment.
00 is shown. The same elements as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. The fuel cell system 200 of this embodiment is such that the cooling system in the system 100 shown in FIG. In the reduced-pressure cooling system 210, the heat exchanger 211 is arranged in a ram-like passage. Reference numeral 212 in the figure denotes a compressor. By employing the reduced pressure cooling system, the cooling system attached to the fuel cell stack 2 becomes more compact.

The operation of the fuel cell system 200 of this embodiment is the same as the flowchart of FIG. 5 except that the output control of the pump 112 is controlled by the output control of the compressor 212.

FIG. 7 shows a fuel cell system 3 according to the fourth embodiment.
00 is shown. In FIG. 7, the same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. In the fuel cell system 300 of this embodiment, the system 1 shown in FIG.
, A fuel supply system 310 having a novel configuration was used.

The fuel supply system 310 includes the hydrogen storage alloy 31
The hydrogen stored in 1 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 via the heat exchangers 317 and 319. This hydrogen storage alloy 31
For 1, a high occlusion material such as an Mg-Ni-based material is used, and hydrogen is released by the heat of the catalytic combustor 313. Catalytic combustor 313
A part of the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy 311 and the air are introduced into the air. Then, hydrogen and oxygen in the air react on the catalyst, and thermal energy is extracted. This heat energy is given to the hydrogen storage alloy 311 by a heat pump or another heat transfer member with ordinary indirect heat exchange, and heats the alloy.

In this embodiment, the air supplied to the catalytic combustor 313 is preheated to near the catalytic combustion temperature by the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy 311 via the heat exchanger 317. Therefore, the combustion efficiency in the catalytic fuel device 313 is improved. Further, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 317 is used.
The exhaust air heated by the fuel cell stack is used as air introduced into the fuel cell stack. Therefore, effective use of heat energy can be achieved.

The high-temperature air discharged from the catalytic combustor 313 is returned to the upstream side of the water condenser 51 in the air supply system 40. Note that only a small portion of the air flowing through the air supply system 40 is sent to the catalytic combustor 313, and in particular, in the water condenser 51 of this embodiment, the air cooling function is enhanced by ram wind. Even if high-temperature air is returned to the air supply system 40, the function of the water condenser 51 is hardly affected.

For reference, the heat balance in the fuel supply system 310 is shown on the drawing.

The present invention is not limited to the description of the above-described embodiments and examples. Various modifications are included in the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims and within the scope of those skilled in the art.

(13) A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel cell stack; and a cooling system for circulating a refrigerant to cool the fuel cell stack, wherein the heat exchanger of the cooling system is a vehicle. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, wherein the fuel cell system is disposed in a ram-like passage. (14) The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to (13), wherein the cooling system cools the fuel cell stack by decompression cooling. (15) The refrigerant is water, (1)
The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to 4). (16) A condenser for condensing and recovering the moisture of the air discharged from the fuel cell stack is further provided, and the condenser is also arranged in the ram-like passage. (13) The vehicle fuel cell system according to any one of (1) to (15).

(20) Fuel cell stack, hydrogen storage alloy, means for reacting hydrogen with oxygen in air to obtain thermal energy, applying the thermal energy to the hydrogen storage alloy, and converting hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy A fuel cell system comprising: means for discharging air; and means for introducing air discharged from the fuel cell stack to the thermal energy obtaining means. (21) Fuel cell stack, hydrogen storage alloy, means for obtaining thermal energy by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in air, means for applying the thermal energy to the hydrogen storage alloy and releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy A means for introducing air heated by the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy to the thermal energy obtaining means.

(30) A fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage alloy, means for reacting hydrogen with oxygen in the air to obtain thermal energy, and applying the thermal energy to the hydrogen storage alloy to convert hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy A fuel cell system comprising: means for discharging.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a unit unit of the fuel cell in the same manner.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 100, 200, 300 Fuel cell system 2 Fuel cell stack 3 Air electrode 10, 310 Fuel supply system 50 Water supply system 55 Nozzle 51 Water condenser 110 Cooling system of fuel cell stack 210 Decompression cooling system of fuel cell stack 311 Hydrogen Storage alloy 313 Catalyst combustor 317 Heat exchanger

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel cell stack; and means for supplying water in a liquid state to an air electrode of the fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell stack includes a fuel cell stack. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, which is disposed in a ram-like passage. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a condenser for condensing and recovering the moisture of the air discharged from the fuel cell stack, wherein the condenser is also disposed in the ram-like passage. Item 4. A vehicle fuel cell system according to item 1. 3. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel cell stack; means for supplying water in a liquid state to an air electrode of the fuel cell stack; and circulating a coolant to cool the fuel cell stack. And a cooling system, wherein the heat exchanger of the cooling system is disposed in a ram-like passage of the vehicle. 4. The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the cooling system cools the fuel cell stack by decompression cooling. 5. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the refrigerant is water. 6. A condenser for condensing and recovering moisture of air discharged from the fuel cell stack, and the condenser is also disposed in the ram-like passage. Item 6. A vehicle fuel cell system according to any one of Items 3 to 5. 7. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel cell stack; and a cooling system that circulates a coolant to cool the fuel cell stack, wherein the cooling system is configured to perform the fuel cell stack by decompression cooling. A fuel cell system for a vehicle, comprising cooling a stack. 8. The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the refrigerant is water. 9. A fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage alloy, means for reacting hydrogen with oxygen in air to obtain thermal energy, applying the thermal energy to the hydrogen storage alloy, and releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy Means for raising the temperature of the air exhausted from the fuel cell stack by the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy, and means for introducing the heated air to the thermal energy obtaining means. system. 10. The fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein said thermal energy obtaining means is a catalytic combustor.