JPH11196685A - Material for agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a light quality-changing material for agriculture, having functions for changing the spectrum of light to the spectrum of the light effective for improvement of plant growth in a greenhouse culture or horticulture of a useful plant. SOLUTION: This light quality-changing material for agriculture has >=3.0 ratio (A)/(B) of (A) the absorbance at 680 nm to (B) the absorbance at 730 nm, and 30-90% transmittance of the light at the maximum absorption wave length, and is used for a covering material or the like of a vinyl house. The light quality-changing material for agriculture is obtained by allowing a flexible or a rigid resin to contain at least one coloring matter having the absorption maximum at 570-700 nm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an agricultural light quality conversion material having a function of converting an optical spectrum into an effective optical spectrum for promoting plant growth.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, greenhouse horticulture for cultivating useful plants in a house or a tunnel has been widely practiced. Such greenhouse horticulture greatly improves both yield and quality as compared with open-field cultivation. It is playing an important role in the stable supply of fruits. The significance of this institutional cultivation is to protect plants from damage from rain, wind, insects, etc. in addition to keeping the heat in the house or tunnel. For this reason, vegetables are being grown from seasonal cultivation to yearly cultivation, and fruit trees such as pears, mandarins, grapes, oysters, and apples are being harvested with well-shaped fruits with high sugar content. On the other hand, since greenhouse horticulture has been widely practiced, attempts have been made to convert the spectrum of sunlight into an advantageous one for the photosynthesis of plants or the production of growth active materials, with the aim of further increasing the yield and quality. It has been done.

[0003] For example, a research result report of the research corporation "Agricultural Ray Selection and Utilization Technology Research Association" (Showa 39-57) "Comprehensive Research on Technological Use of Light Quality in Facility Agriculture" (February 1976, Agriculture and Forestry) At the Fisheries Technology Council Secretariat), trial production of a blue fluorescent substance, a red fluorescent substance, and a film in which they were dissolved simultaneously in vinyl chloride was conducted. It has been reported.

[0004] Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 49-16301,
2-94345, JP-A-2-102265, JP-A-2-147651, JP-A-3-211
In Japanese Patent No. 053, fluoresced brighteners, scintillators, and the like are proposed as dyes for converting near-ultraviolet light into photosynthetically effective light. Not. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-127945 discloses a film that converts green-yellow light into orange-red light by using rhodamine 6G. Unless the treatment is performed, it is not practical for practical use.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-189 discloses that polymers having a solubility parameter of 9 or more, such as polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, and polysulfone, include anthraquinone-based phosphors, thioindigo-based phosphors, and perinones. There is disclosed a wavelength-convertable molded body in which a plurality of organic phosphors selected from a series phosphor, a perylene phosphor, and the like are dissolved. The plurality of organic phosphors absorb non-radiatively energy from the first phosphor excited by absorbing light on the short wavelength side to the second phosphor having smaller excitation energy, that is, the first phosphor. Since the emission spectrum of the phosphor and the absorption spectrum of the second phosphor are partially overlapped, it is possible to convert a wide range of short wavelength light into longer wavelength light. It can be expected to have a certain effect on plant cultivation. However, according to the present invention, only red light is regarded as effective light in plant cultivation, and consideration is not given to the wavelength region of light to be converted on the short wavelength side. It also has the negative effect of inhibiting the action of other types.

JP-A-6-38635 discloses that the absorption maximum is in the range of 350 to 450 nm and the emission maximum is in the range of 380 to 5 nm.
At least one fluorescent dye (A) at 20 nm, an absorption maximum at 460-580 nm, and an emission maximum at 540-8
A combination in which at least one fluorescent dye (B) at 00 nm is contained, and the emission spectrum of (A) and the absorption spectrum of (B) partially overlap;
The ratio (I) / (I ′) of the emission intensity (I) of (A) to the intensity (I ′) at which a part of the excitation energy of (A) emits light at the emission position of (B) is 0.2 or more. A wavelength conversion material for agriculture of 5 or less is disclosed. If this agricultural material is used, vegetables and flowers can be harvested in a short period of time, high yields, and in the case of orchards, a large amount of high-quality fruits with high sugar content can be harvested. It is stated that it can be done.

In addition, Radiant Pink (trade name; Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a red light emitting film, Irrad
iant660 (trade name; BASF) was put on the market and cultivation tests were conducted. However, these wavelength conversion films that convert light in a single wavelength range generally have insufficient action and effect.
In many cases, it was effective under specific weather conditions but not effective under other weather conditions, and it was not reliable for use as a practical horticultural material.

[0008]

An object of the present invention is to convert the spectrum of light in facility cultivation and horticulture of useful plants,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an agricultural light quality conversion material having a function of generating an effective light spectrum to promote plant growth.

[0009]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that the ratio (A) / (B) of the absorbance (A) at 680 nm to the absorbance (B) at 730 nm.
Is greater than or equal to 3.0 and the light transmittance at the maximum absorption wavelength is 30 to 90%.
The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, the ratio (A) / (B) of the absorbance (A) at 680 nm and the absorbance (B) at 730 nm is used.
Is 3.0 or more, and the transmittance of light at the maximum absorption wavelength is 30 to 90%. In the present invention, the absorption maximum is 570 to 70.
680n containing at least one dye at 0nm
The ratio (A) / (B) of the absorbance (A) at m and the absorbance (B) at 730 nm is 3.0 or more, and the transmittance of light at the maximum absorption wavelength is 30 to 90%. It relates to a light quality conversion material for agriculture.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, the ratio (A) / (A) of the absorbance (A) at 680 nm and the absorbance (B) at 730 nm is used.
(B) is 3.0 or more, and the transmittance of light at the maximum absorption wavelength is 30 to 90%.
It is preferable to use a dye having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm. When a dye having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm is used, the ratio (A) / (B) can be easily realized.
Examples of the dye having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm include energy-related dyes, food or cosmetic dyes, various dyes, and various pigments.

As energy-related dyes or food or cosmetic dyes having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm, thionin blue GO, alizarin cyanine green F, quinizarin green SS, light green SF yellow,
Dyes such as patent blue NA, Guinea Green B, Sudan Blue B, naphthol blue black, gardenia blue dye, chlorophyll, and spirulina blue can be exemplified.

Dyes having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm include Direct Sky Blue 5B, Serious Supra Blue BRR, Direct Farstar Cois Blue GL, Direct Copper Blue 2B, Coplantin Green G, Direct First Black D,
Acid Violet 5B, Alizarin Direct Blue A2G, Acid Cyanin 6B, Acid Cyanine 5R, Acid Cyanine Green G, Acid First Black VLG, Cation Blue GRL, Cation Blue GLH, Cation Navy Blue RLH, Bat Blue RSN, Bat Blue BC, Butt Brilliant Green FFB, Disperse Blue FFR, Disperse Blue Green B, Disperse Blue FB, Disperse Cois Blue GL, Disperse Navy Blue 2GL, Solvent Fast Blue HFL,
Reactive Blue 3G, Reactive Blue R, Reactive Blue BR, Reactive Turquoise GF, Reactive Brilliant Blue R, Aizen Direct Sky Blue 5B, Aizen Primula Turquoise Blue GLH, Aizen Primula Kiyu Pro Green GH, Sunlight Supra Clay CGL And the like.

Pigments having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm include dioxazine violet, thioindigo magenta, Victoria Blue Lake, Victoria Blue 6G Lake, phthalocyanine blue R, phthalocyanine blue G, phthalocyanine blue E, metal-free phthalocyanine, Fast sky blue, navy blue, cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, alkali blue G, indanthrone blue and the like can be exemplified.

The above-mentioned dyes have stability to light themselves, or have such an extent that they can be stabilized by the addition of an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a singlet oxygen quencher or other light stabilization treatment. It must have light stability.

The photostability of the dye is, specifically, 400 n
m, the light quality conversion material of the present invention is installed inside a UV cut film that absorbs near-ultraviolet light of m or less, and it can be determined by the retention of the absorption intensity of the dye after irradiation with sunlight for one year. A retention rate of preferably about 50% is required.

The shape of the light conversion material for agriculture of the present invention may be any shape as long as it can be applied to institutional cultivation and horticulture. For example, a film, plate, net, woven cloth And non-woven fabrics. Examples of the material used for the substrate include soft, semi-rigid, and rigid PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acrylate, polyvinyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene chloride, and polyacrylonitrile. , Polybutadiene, polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, P
Polyester such as ET and PBT, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester carbonate, phenoxy resin, nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 11,
Polyamides such as nylon 12, MXD6 nylon, polydimethylsiloxane, polytrimethylsilylpropyne, polyurethane, ionomers, soft / hard resins such as cellophane, polyethylene cellophane, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose, etc. Can be exemplified.

There are no particular restrictions on the method for producing the agricultural light quality converting material of the present invention. Molding, inflation molding, manufactured by calendering, etc., or by coating a varnish in which a resin is dissolved on a base film or woven fabric,
It can be produced by impregnating a nonwoven fabric, paper or the like. The thickness of the synthetic resin layer containing the dye is 10 to 300 μm, preferably 30 to 30 μm for both the molded film and the coating layer.
It is good to set it to 150 μm. Further, in the case of a plate, the thickness is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm from the viewpoint of formability and strength.

In the agricultural light quality conversion material of the present invention, the preferred pigment content is determined by the absorption maximum wavelength (λma) of the film.
The light transmittance in x) is 30 to 90%, preferably 5 to 90%.
It is an amount that becomes 0 to 80%. A light transmittance of less than 30% is not preferable because light quantity becomes insufficient and hinders growth or growth. On the other hand, a light transmittance of more than 90% is not preferable because the effect of wavelength conversion is not sufficiently exhibited.

In the light converting material for agricultural use of the present invention, the ratio (A) / (B) of the absorbance (A) at 680 nm to the absorbance (B) at 730 nm is 3.0 or more, preferably 4.0. That is all. By performing light conversion within this range, the transmission amount of 730 nm light can be relatively increased to promote photomorphogenesis of crops, and significant effects such as increased crop yield can be obtained. When B) is less than 3.0, the transmission amount of light at 730 nm is relatively small, so that it is not possible to obtain a sufficient effect on the formation of light morphology, which is not preferable.

In order to satisfy the other various conditions as a facility horticultural material, various additives can be used in the agricultural light quality converting material of the present invention within a range not to impair the object of the present invention. Examples of such additives include an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a singlet oxygen quencher, a hindered amine light stabilizer, other stabilizers, a dispersant, a lubricant, an antifogging agent, and a dropping agent.

The light converting material for agriculture of the present invention includes a multi-film, a reflecting (multi) film, a reflecting plate installed so that sunlight is irradiated into the house on average, in addition to a covering material for a greenhouse. The present invention can be similarly applied to plastic nets, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, bags for bagging fruits, and the like.

[0023]

EXAMPLES Next, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 (Production of Light-Conversion Acrylic Plate) [Production of Masterbatch] Polymethyl methacrylate (manufactured by Aldrich, Mw = 350,000, Tg = 122)
Anthraquinone dye (CI Solvent Blue 3) having 100 parts by weight and an absorption maximum at 640 nm.
5) After mixing 0.03 parts by weight and 0.30 parts by weight of a stearic acid amide-based dispersant with a tumbler mixer type mixer, the mixture is supplied to an extruder, extruded at 240 ° C., granulated, and mixed with a master batch. did. [Production of Light-Conversion Acrylic Plate] Polymethyl methacrylate (manufactured by Aldrich, Mw = 350,000, Tg = 1)
(22 ° C.) 100 parts by weight and 5 parts by weight of the master batch were extruded at a die temperature of 240 ° C. to produce a 1 mm-thick light quality conversion acrylic plate.

Example 2 A 1 m × 1 m × 1 m mini-house was manufactured using the 1 mm thick light conversion acrylic plate obtained in Example 1. Next, 4 g of a compound fertilizer (15% each of N, P, and K) was placed in a polypropylene pot having a size of 20 cm × 20 cm and a depth of 18 cm, and the sieved field soil was filled. Covered soil. Nine pots seeded with the pak choi seeds were housed in the mini-house installed outdoors, and the test was started. On the 10th day after budding, thin out
Three pots were left per pot, harvested 55 days after sowing, and the above-ground weight was measured, and then the content of total vitamin C was measured by Japan Food Research Laboratories. In addition, the sowing date August 20,
The harvest date was October 14th.

Example 3 Acrylic plate ("Light Blue 3" manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.)
10 "), except that a mini-house was used. Comparative example 1 It carried out similarly to Example 2 except using the mini-house using a transparent agricultural bi-film ("Non-Killy" by Achilles Corporation). Comparative Example 2 Acrylic board ("Sky Blue 3" manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.)
01 "), except that a mini-house was used.

Table 1 summarizes the test results of mini-houses using the materials of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Shown in In addition, “PAR” in Table 1 represents “photosynthetically effective radiation amount (400 to 700 nm)”. Table 1
The values of “weight” and “total vitamin C” are average values of 9 pots, and the values in parentheses are the values in Comparative Example 1 as 10
The relative value when 0 is set is shown. As can be seen from Table 1, by using a wavelength conversion material having a light transmittance of 30 to 70% at the absorption maximum wavelength (λmax) of the material and a (A) / (B) ratio of 3.0 or more. In addition to increasing the yield of bok choy, bok choy with a high vitamin C content could be produced.

[0027]

[Table 1]

[0028]

According to the light conversion material of the present invention, high quality vegetables and fruits such as nutrition can be produced with high productivity.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takaaki Nagauchi 1-7-6 Nihombashi Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hisanki 1-7 Nihonbashi Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo No. 6 Inside Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. The absorbance (A) at 680 nm and 730 nm
The ratio (A) / (B) of the absorbance (B) is 3.0 or more, and the transmittance of light at the maximum absorption wavelength is 30 to 90%. 2. The agricultural light quality conversion material according to claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one dye having an absorption maximum at 570 to 700 nm.