JPH11107109A - Floated woven fabric having optically interferential function - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a floated woven fabric developing colors by the reflection, interference or the like of light by forming a floated tissue from multifilament yarns containing as constituting units optically interferential monofilaments each having a specific compression and comprising the alternate laminate of plural kinds of polymers different in refractive indices. SOLUTION: This floated woven fabric contains a floated tissue, such as satin, jacquard, dobby, 2/2 twill, 3/2 twill, 2/3 twill or checkerboard weave, containing two or more, preferably four or more multifilament yarns as floated warp components and/or floated weft components. The multifilament yarns contain as constituting units optically interferential monofilaments each having a compression of 4-15 and comprising the alternate laminate of at least two kinds of polymers different in refractive indices. The floatation ratio of the optically interferential multifilament yarns in the floated tissue portion is preferably 60-95%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a floating fabric having a novel optical function, and more particularly, to a floating fabric using a multifilament yarn having an optical function of coloring light by reflecting, interfering, diffracting, or scattering light. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, due to the demand for high-quality texture of fabrics, sensible fibers such as bulges have been developed by combining a simple round cross-section yarn with a modified cross-section and further combining two or more fibers, and have flourished as a new synthetic fiber. . Recently, fibers having higher sensitivity and function have been demanded. One of them is deep color and gloss. However, if you try to satisfy the deep color and gloss at the same time, you can get the deep color effect,
The color becomes dull and loses vividness. On the other hand, when trying to obtain luster, it becomes dull (Adahikari), and there has not been a technology to achieve both. The reason is that in the prior art, color is developed by dyes and pigments,
That is, since the color is developed by absorbing light, the more the deep color effect is obtained, the more the reflected light decreases, and the gloss disappears.

On the other hand, when overlooking the natural world, for example, a beetle or a morpho butterfly satisfies both deep color and luster at the same time, and exhibits a color completely different from dyes and pigments. This coloring mechanism is based on light reflection and interference. And
Various approaches have been devised for synthetic fibers utilizing this mechanism. For example, JP-A-7-34320, JP-A-7-34324, and JP-A-7-34324
Japanese Patent No. 331532 discloses a flat light coherent monofilament having a multilayer thin film structure in which polymers having different refractive indexes (here, optical refractive indexes) are alternately laminated and having an aspect ratio of 3.5 or less.

[0004] Natural light incident on the coherent monofilament ideally exhibits a reflection spectrum based on multi-layer thin-film interference, that is, an interference color. Due to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index (polymer dispersibility), the wavelength dependence of the absorptivity, etc., a part of the light is transmitted, refracted or scattered, and the so-called "stray light" Act as. This means that the reflection component based on the stray light is superimposed on the reflection spectrum based on the multilayer thin film interference,
It means that the original vivid hue is lost. For this reason, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 7-331532 proposes to interweave a light coherent monofilament and a black dyed fiber with a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, or the like as a countermeasure for the stray light.

[0005] By the way, the actual woven fabric using filaments is usually used in the form of a multifilament yarn. When the above monofilament is bundled and used as a multifilament yarn simply in combination with a dark color fiber, there is an effect of removing stray light. It was found that the hue based on the intended light interference was not necessarily expressed.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a fabric having an optical coherence function using a multifilament yarn, which can sufficiently exhibit the vivid coloration exhibited by the light coherent monofilament even in the state of a multifilament yarn. Is to provide.

[0007]

The present inventors have found that when the above monofilaments are bundled into a multifilament yarn state, the reason why the color development properties of the entire yarn cannot be sufficiently exhibited is due to the flatness of the monofilament. I have determined that.

Thus, according to the present invention, a multifilament yarn composed of at least two kinds of polymers having different refractive indices and having an optical coherence monofilament having a flatness of 4 to 15 as a constituent unit is floated and floated. And / or a floating fabric having an optical interference function, wherein the floating fabric has a floating structure having two or more floating structures as a weft floating component.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a light coherent monofilament constituting a multifilament yarn to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 1A shows a shape in which polymers A and B having different refractive indices are alternately laminated in the major axis direction of the flat cross section, and FIG. 1B shows a shape of the hollow flat cross section. −
FIG. 1C shows a shape in which a reinforcing portion (membrane) of the above A, B, or another polymer is interposed in an intermediate portion of the alternate lamination.
(D) shows a shape in which a reinforcing portion (film) is provided on the outer peripheral portion.

In the present invention, a multifilament yarn having a monofilament as a constitutional unit as described above is disposed as a floating component of a woven fabric. In order to maximize the effect, a monofilament having a flatness of 4 to 15 is used.

Here, the oblateness is the length W of the long axis of the oblate cross section.
And the ratio W / T of the length of the short axis to the length T of the minor axis. As for the flatness, 3.5 has been sufficient to obtain optical coherence as a monofilament, as conventionally proposed. However, when a plurality of such monofilaments are collected and used as a multifilament, the flat long axis surfaces of the filaments are randomly arranged and bundled, so that the light interference function cannot be effectively exerted as a whole multifilament yarn. .

However, when the flatness is a value of 4, preferably 4.5 or more, a self-orientation control function is added to each filament constituting the multifilament yarn, and the flat long axis of each of the constituent filaments is controlled. The multifilament yarns are assembled by assembling such that the surfaces are parallel to each other. That is, such a multifilament is used when a filament is pressed against a take-up roller or a drawing roller in the process of forming the filament, or when wound on a bobbin in a cheese form, or in a process such as knitting or weaving a fabric. Each time, for example, when receiving a superior pressure contact, the flat long axis surfaces of the filaments are gathered so as to be parallel to the pressure contact surface, so the parallelism of the flat long axis surfaces of the constituent filaments in the multifilament is reduced. High, and excellent light interference as a fabric can be obtained.

On the other hand, if the oblateness exceeds 15, the shape becomes excessively thin, and it is difficult to maintain the cross-sectional shape, and there is a concern that a part of the cross-section may be bent. From this point, the easy-to-handle flatness is preferably 15 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less.

As described above, since the flatness of the monofilament is 4 to 15, which is larger than that of the conventional optical interference monofilament, the number of layers of the alternate lamination is preferably larger than the number of conventional laminations. Is preferably 1
The number of layers is 5 or more, more preferably 20 or more, and most preferably 25 or more.

According to the theory of optical interference, when the thickness of each layer is equal to a set value, at most 10
If there is a layer, the obtained interference light quantity reaches a saturation state. However, in practice, unevenness in thickness occurs inevitably in the spinning process. Therefore, when the number of laminations is about 10, the light interference effect becomes insufficient. In this sense, the number of laminated layers is 15 or more, preferably 20
With more layers, the above disadvantages are compensated. On the other hand, the upper limit is 120 layers, especially considering the complexity of the spinneret and the control of the polymer flow.

The optical coherent multifilament of the present invention has an elongation in the range of 10 to 60%, preferably 2 to 60%.
It is preferably in the range of 0 to 40%. This means
The multifilament that has been spun and cooled and solidified is drawn to increase the birefringence (Δn), and the difference in the refractive index between the polymers is defined as the difference between “the refractive index of the polymer and the birefringence of the fiber”. The purpose is to increase the refractive index difference as a whole, thereby increasing the light coherence.

Next, in the present invention, a multi-filament yarn having a monofilament as a constituent unit as described above is used as a warp and / or weft float component, and a float structure having two or more floats is applied to the entire woven fabric. Alternatively, it is formed locally. Here, examples of the floating structure include satin, dicegard, dobby, twill, day and night weave.

When a large number of light coherent multifilament yarns are present on the surface of the woven fabric, the floating ratio (area ratio) of the light coherent multifilament yarns in one complete structure or a floating pattern portion of the woven fabric. Is 60% to 95%, preferably 70% to 90%.
%. When the ratio of floating is 60% or more, color development due to light interference becomes remarkable. On the other hand, if the floating ratio exceeds 95%, the intersection between the fibers constituting the fabric becomes extremely small, so that the fibers are easily displaced in the fabric, and the strength and form of the fabric cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is not preferable. It is particularly preferable that the floating ratio is 90% or less, because not only the intersection between the fibers in the woven fabric can be sufficiently maintained, but also a large amount of light interference fibers can be present on the woven fabric surface.

Next, the number of floating fibers will be described. The number of floating yarns is the "number of yarns to be exceeded" when watching how many warp yarns cross the weft yarn in the case of using warp yarns. For example, regarding the number of floating warp yarns, the number of floating yarns is 1 in a 1/1 plain woven fabric, 2, 3 in a 2/2 twill, 3, 4 in a 3/2 twill, and 4 in a satin of 4/1. It is. Furthermore, the number of floating wefts is 2
The value is 3 for a イ ル twill and 4 for a 1/4 satin tissue.

Therefore, focusing on these woven fabrics, the color development and light interference effect (that is, sharp color development having strong gloss and deep color) when a woven fabric is formed by using light interference fibers for warp or weft yarns. State. When the number of floats in the woven fabric is less than two, a different color effect based on the difference in color from the fiber of the mating side is recognized, but only to the extent of a so-called chambray woven fabric. On the other hand, when the ratio of floating exceeds 60% and the number of floating is two or more, an optical interference effect can be obtained. When the number of floats exceeds four, the light interference effect is further enhanced. The upper limit of the number of floats is 15 at most. If the number exceeds 15, the crossing between the fibers constituting the woven fabric becomes extremely small, so that "shift" of the fibers in the woven fabric easily occurs, and the strength and form of the woven fabric cannot be maintained. In particular, when the number of floats is 10 or less, the strength, shape stability and high light interference effect of the fabric can be satisfied.

The light coherent multifilament yarn described above is provided for weaving in a non-twisted or twisted state. In the case of non-twisting, the yarn is bundled with a sizing agent, and in the case of twisting, the yarn is generally twisted at 1,000 times / m or less, particularly 500 times / m or less. In the case of non-twisted use, in theory, the color development effect is the highest, but in the case of twisted yarn, the axis of the filament is unbalanced and the color is different from that in the case of non-twist, so both may be used in combination, Alternatively, mixing yarns having different numbers of twists is also useful for some purposes.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as a measure against stray light in the floating fabric described above, it is preferable to use a fiber colored in a dark color as a fiber constituting the fabric other than the floating component. Thereby, the coloring effect by using the monofilament as the constituent unit of the multifilament yarn with an oblateness of 4 or more is sufficiently supported.

In this regard, the light coherent filament develops color due to interference between incident light and reflected light. By the way, the human eye recognizes the color intensity based on the difference between the interference light reflected from other parts and the stray light entering the eye. Therefore, when stray light from the surroundings is strong, even if there is sufficient interference light, it cannot be recognized as a color. As a method for preventing stray light, it is preferable to use a fiber having a function of absorbing stray light for the weft or warp that is the partner of the light interference filament that is the reflection of light from around, especially the light interference filament closest to the light interference filament. In order to absorb stray light, it is preferable to use dark-colored fibers and / or original fibers. In particular, black is preferable because it absorbs all light and has a large effect of removing stray light. Further, it is more preferable to use a dark-colored fiber having a hue that is complementary to the color development of the light interference filament for the weft or warp that is the mating yarn of the light interference filament. Fibers colored with a hue that is complementary to the interference light absorb light of the complementary color and reflect light of a wavelength near the light interference light. In other words, in the fabric having such a structure, the interference light and the light having the same wavelength as the interference light in the stray light portion can be used as the reflected light. There is an advantage that the difference can be taken out as a large one.

The method for producing the light coherent multifilament yarn used in the present invention will be described. First, regarding the combination of polymers, a desired refractive index is selected from the group of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyolefin, polymethacrylate, polyamide (aliphatic polyamide, aromatic polyamide, etc.). What is necessary is just to select suitably according to it. However, among them, the following combinations are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring compatibility (adhesion) between the respective layers.

(A) Polyester containing polyethylene naphthalate as a main component in which a dibasic acid component having a sulfonic acid metal base is copolymerized in an amount of 0.3 to 5 mol% based on all dibasic acid components forming the polyester (High refractive index polymer) and aliphatic polyamide (low refractive index polymer). (B) the dibasic acid component having a sulfonic acid metal base is 0.3 to 0.3 to the total dibasic acid components forming the polyester;
Polyester mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized at 10 mol% (high refractive index polymer)
And polymethyl methacrylate having an acid value of 3 or more. (C) a dibasic acid component and / or a glycol component having at least one alkyl group (for example, a methyl group) in a side chain as a copolymer component (for example, neopentylene glycol, bisphenol A or an alkylene oxide adduct thereof), 5 to 3 copolymer components per total repeating unit
A combination of a copolymerized aromatic polyester (high refractive index polymer) copolymerized with 0 mol% and polymethyl methacrylate (low refractive index component).

The above-mentioned two types of polymers are spun from a die as shown in FIG. Here, FIG. 2- (a) is a partially cut perspective view showing an example of the base used in the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a distribution plate, 2 is an upper die, 3 is a middle die, 4 is a lower die, and these four disk-shaped components are laminated. Flow paths 5 and 6 are provided for supplying the polymers A and B by separate paths.
The upper base 2 is provided with a flow path for guiding the polymer A to the row of openings 7, and a flow path 6 ′ for guiding the polymer B to the center of the base. The polymer B guided to the center of the middle base 3 passes through a flow path 8 provided radially on the upper surface of the middle base 3 and further to a funnel-shaped part 9 provided parallel to the flow path 8. 10 passes through the upper surface as a band-like flow. As described above, the polymer A flowing out of the row-shaped openings 7 enters the polymer B passing through the upper surface of the weir-like portion 10 in a strip shape, and the polymer A and the polymer B
Flows into the funnel-shaped part 9 in a form of being alternately laminated in layers (see the arrow in FIG. 2). Is enlarged, and the polymer in which a large number of polymers are stacked gradually becomes shorter. Further, the polymer laminar flow emerging from the discharge port 11 is spun through a final spinning port 12 opened in the lower die 4.

FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the die when the reinforcing layer (protective layer) shown in FIG. 1 is formed. Here, a reinforcing layer is formed in the vicinity of the funnel-shaped portion 9 of the middle die 3 of the die shown in FIG.
To form a structure in which the polymer is merged with the main polymer stream through an annular polymer reservoir 15 and an annular flow path 16 surrounding the upper part of the spinneret 12 via a gap 14 between the middle die 3 and the lower die 4. Has become.

The spun alternately laminated body is wound up and then hot-drawn (separate drawing method), or drawn and wound up as it is after spinning, or drawn yarn using high-speed spinning. What is necessary is just to wind up as a multifilament yarn corresponding to. Among these, the separate method is the most effective method for increasing the birefringence between the laminated polymers described above.

In the finally obtained monofilament having an alternately laminated structure, the thickness of each polymer layer is preferably not less than 0.02 μm and not more than 0.3 μm.
On the other hand, the thickness of the reinforcing portion is preferably 2 microns or more. When the thickness is less than 2 microns, the reinforcing layer and the multilayer molded layer are peeled off due to friction occurring in practical use. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 microns, light absorption and diffuse reflection at the reinforcing portion cannot be ignored, which is not preferable.

The thickness of the monofilament (denier) and the thickness of the multifilament yarn (denier) may be appropriately set in consideration of the texture and performance of the intended woven fabric. Generally, the former is selected from the range of 2 to 30 denier, and the latter is selected from the range of 50 to 300 denier.

[0031]

The present invention starts with the recognition of the problem and the analysis of the cause of why the monofilament which itself has excellent light coherence inhibits the light interference effect in the state of a multifilament. Was found to be in the orientation of the color of the light interference filament and the filament aggregate structure of the multifilament. In other words, the light coherent monofilament has a flat cross-sectional shape, and has a structure in which polymers are alternately stacked in parallel with the major axis direction,
When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the filament surface formed by its long axis side and the filament length direction side, the color development due to light coherence can be visually recognized most strongly, and from that angle, it is oblique. When viewed, the visual effect suddenly weakens. On the other hand, when the side in the short axis direction of the flat cross section is viewed from the surface of the filament formed by the side in the length direction of the filament, there is an optical interference characteristic that no optical interference is visible.

On the other hand, when a light-interfering monofilament having a flat cross-sectional shape is collected to form a fabric as a multifilament, the monofilaments are gathered in a direction in which the filaments are most closely packed in the cross-section of the multifilament due to the tension or frictional force acting on the filament. . For this reason, paying attention to the filament surface formed by the long axis direction side and the filament length direction side of the flat cross section, and examining the parallelism of the surface between the constituent filaments, the uniformity is poor and various Was facing a different direction.

From the recognition of the problem and the analysis of the cause as described above, when the tension or frictional force in the process is applied to the filaments constituting the multifilament, the filaments gather on their flat surfaces in parallel to each other. It is a requirement of an aspect ratio of 4 or more to provide a self-orientation control function that can constitute a multifilament yarn.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

[0035]

【Example】

[Examples 1 to 11, Comparative Example 1] Polyethylene naphthalate obtained by copolymerizing 10 mol% of terephthalic acid and 1 mol% of sodium sulfoisophthalic acid (intrinsic viscosity is 0.55
０．５0.59; naphthalenedicarboxylic acid 89 mol%) and nylon 6 (intrinsic viscosity = 1.3) under a volume ratio of 2/3 (composite ratio) using a spinneret shown in FIG. Then, an undrawn yarn having a flat cross-section lamination number of 30 shown in FIG. 1D was wound at a winding speed (spinning speed) of 1500 m / min. A supply roller heated to 110 ° C.
It was drawn 2.0 times with a roller type drawing machine consisting of a drawing roller heated to 0 ° C. to obtain a drawn yarn of 90 denier / 12 filaments. When the film thickness of the two polymer layers at the center of the flat yarn was measured, the polyethylene naphthalate layer was 0.07 μm and the nylon layer was 0.08 μm, and a green interference color was observed. The flatness of the monofilament was 5.6. Using the fiber having the light interference effect obtained in this way, and further combining with other fibers, various fabrics were produced. Table 1 shows the results.

[0036]

[Table 1]

[Examples 12 to 14] Composite spinning was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number of layers was set to 15. The obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to the same roller-type drawing machine as in Example 1 for
It was drawn eight times to obtain a drawn yarn of 78 denier / 12 filaments. At this time, 2 in the center of the flat yarn in the long axis direction
When the film pressures of the two polymer layers were measured, the polyethylene naphthalate layer was 0.09 μm and the nylon layer was 0.10 μm.
And a red interference color was observed. The flatness of the monofilament was 5.5. Using the fiber having the light interference effect obtained in this way, and further combining with other fibers, various fabrics were produced. Table 2 shows the results.

[0038]

[Table 2]

[0039]

According to the present invention, a monofilament reflects light effectively, and an alternately laminated optical coherent monofilament which is effective for light interference can be exhibited in a multifilament yarn. A fabric that satisfies the texture and coloring is realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a unit constituting a light coherent multifilament yarn used in the present invention, that is, a monofilament.

FIG. 2 (a) is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a die used for spinning a light coherent multifilament yarn used in the present invention. (B) is a partial sectional view showing a variation of the base of (a).

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List A Polymer layer B Polymer having a different refractive index from polymer layer A 1 Distribution plate 2 Upper ferrule 3 Middle ferrule 4 Lower ferrule 5 Flow path 6 Flow path 7 Row of openings 8 Radial flow path 9 Toroidal section 10 weir 13 reinforced polymer flow path 14 reinforced polymer flow path 15 reinforced polymer flow path 16 reinforced polymer flow path

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI D02G 3/04 D02G 3/04 G02B 1/04 G02B 1/04 5/28 5/28 (72) Inventor Toshimasa Kuroda Ibaraki, Osaka 3-4-1 Ichimimihara, Teijin Limited Osaka Research Center (72) Inventor Kinya Kumazawa 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Tabata Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2 Takara-cho, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Susumu Shimizu 2-73 Shinmachi, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Akio Sanehara 26-26 Suzukawa, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa-ken Tanaka Precious metal industry in Isehara factory

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A multifilament yarn composed of an alternating laminate of at least two kinds of polymers having different refractive indices and having a flatness of 4 to 15 and having a light interference monofilament as a constituent unit, as a warp and / or weft float component. A floating fabric having an optical interference function, wherein the number of floating fabrics is two or more. 2. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, wherein the number of floating fabrics is 4 or more. 3. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, wherein the floating structure is satin. 4. The floating tissue is jaguat.
A floating fabric having the optical interference function as described above. 5. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, wherein the floating structure is dobby. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the floating tissue is 2/2, 3/2 and 2 /
The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, which is a twill selected from the group of No. 3. 7. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, wherein the floating structure is a day and night weave. 8. The floating ratio of the light coherent multifilament yarn in the floating texture portion is in the range of 60 to 95%.
A floating fabric having an optical interference function according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The fiber constituting a portion other than the floating tissue is 4
The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, which is a dyed or soaked fiber having an L value of 0 or less. 10. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 9, wherein the color of the dyed or impregnated fiber is complementary to that of the light coherent multifilament yarn. 11. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, wherein the light coherent multifilament yarn further satisfies the following requirements (a) and (b). (A) Number of layers: 15 to 120 (b) Elongation (%): 10 to 60 12. A combination of two kinds of polymers having different refractive indices, wherein (a) a dibasic acid component having a sulfonic acid metal base is in a range of 0.3 to 0.3 to a total of dibasic acid components forming a polyester.
2. The optical interference according to claim 1, wherein the optical interference is a combination of a polyester (high refractive index polymer) composed mainly of polyethylene naphthalate copolymerized with 5 mol% and (b) an aliphatic polyamide (low refractive index polymer). Floating fabric with function. 13. A combination of two kinds of polymers having different refractive indices, wherein (a) a dibasic acid component having a sulfonic acid metal base is in the range of 0.3 to 0.3 per total dibasic acid components forming a polyester.
Polyester mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized at 10 mol% (high refractive index polymer)
The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 1, which is a combination of (b) a polymethyl methacrylate having an acid value of 3 or more. 14. A combination of two kinds of polymers having different refractive indices: (a) a dibasic acid component having at least one alkyl group in a side chain and / or a glycol component as a copolymerization component, wherein the copolymerization component is The combination according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer is a combination of a copolymerized aromatic polyester (high refractive index polymer) copolymerized at 5 to 30 mol% per all repeating units and (b) polymethyl methacrylate (low refractive index component). Floating fabric with optical interference function. 15. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 14, wherein the alkyl group is a methyl group. 16. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 14, wherein the copolymer component is neopentylene glycol. 17. The floating fabric having an optical interference function according to claim 14, wherein the copolymerization component is bisphenol A or an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A.