JPH10301055A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the information display glasses in which the size and the cost are reduced without utilizing a half mirror or a lens or a concave mirror and to view the virtual image of an outputted image and a background transmitted image in a combining manner while maintaining the conventional function of the glasses. SOLUTION: Wires 25b, through which image data are introduced, driving circuits 42, laser diode arrays 43 and galvanometers 44 are respectively provided for left and right stems 31 of glasses 30. Lenses 34 are provided with Lippmann Bragg volumetric hologram sheets 27. When image signals are respectively inputted to the right and the left, each light source of the arrays 43 is turned on and off based on the signals and the galvanometers 44 are synchronously driven. As a result, the images being scanned on the sheets 27 are projected, the reflected light beams are made incident on the pupils of a user and the user of the device is able to view the background and the expanded virtual images of the outputted image from the picture output device in a combined manner.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image display device such as a head-mounted display or a head-up display, and more particularly to an enlarged display of a spectacle lens by maintaining a Lippman Bragg volume hologram sheet in a spectacle lens. The present invention relates to display glasses that can fuse an image and a transmitted background image through a spectacle lens.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a portable display device, a direct-viewing small-sized liquid crystal display of a personal digital assistant display (PDA), a head-up display (HUD) or a head mounted display (HM) as shown in FIG.
Various devices such as D) have been proposed.

FIG. 25 shows an example of the configuration of an optical component when a person wearing glasses uses a conventional head mounted display (HMD). In FIG. 25, reference numeral 1 denotes an image output device that converts an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image and outputs the actual image. 2 is a half mirror, 3 is a concave half mirror, 4 is a lens of spectacles, and 5 is a pupil (eyeball) of the user.

The reflectance of each of the half mirrors 2 and 3 is set to 50
%, The light emitted from the image output device 1 is reflected by the half mirror 2 at 45 °, and 50% of the light amount enters the concave half mirror 3. Due to the reflection of the concave half mirror 3, a virtual image enlarged for the user is formed at infinity or a finite distance. Here, 50% of the light amount is reflected again,
After the light enters the half mirror 2 again and the light amount is attenuated to 50%, the light enters the lens 4 of the glasses worn by the user. That is, the light emitted from the image output device 1 passes through the half mirror 3
Since the light is transmitted or reflected twice, 12.5% of the light amount is effectively used. The light from the background passes through the concave half mirror 3 and the half
%, And passes through the lens 4 of the glasses worn by the user together with the display virtual image, and then enters the pupil 5.

[0005]

At present, in order to combine a virtual image of an output image of an image display device with a background transmitted image while having a specific optical function (for example, a function as eyeglasses), for example, As shown in FIG. 25, in addition to the image display device, at least one or more half mirrors and a lens or concave mirror (virtual image optical system) for providing a virtual image are not added to the optical system that provides this specific optical function. Not be.

It is possible to fuse a virtual image of an output image of an image display device with a transmitted background image by using a hologram without using a half mirror and a lens or a concave mirror. Does not have an optical function.

For example, a conventional portable display device such as a head-mounted display or a head-up display imposes a burden on a user in both size and weight, and cannot be used for a long time. Also, when worn in public places, the shape and size are far from general glasses, so the tolerance for surrounding users is low, or the feeling of discomfort around the user is large, It is not always enough to be used anytime, anywhere.

[0008] This is because, for one, a person having a refractive error of the eyes (myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism, etc.) must wear these head-mounted displays and head-up displays while wearing glasses. This is because it is difficult to reduce the size by securing the clearance for this purpose. In addition, the fact that an exit pupil diameter larger than necessary is secured in consideration of variations in the binocular distance of an individual has an effect.

Then, generally, as the number of pixels of the image output device is increased, the area of the device is also increased, and high definition and miniaturization are contradictory. The disadvantages of using a half mirror in the optical path are that as the number of images increases, the displayed virtual image and the transmitted background image also become darker. Occurs, and the degree of freedom of the arrangement of the optical system is reduced. Separately from this, as a method of displaying a virtual image, a virtual image is conventionally displayed at the center of the line of sight. Therefore, when the virtual image is fused with the background using a see-through function, the central portion of the background cannot be seen sufficiently. Also, the balance of the brightness of the background image and the display virtual image changes due to a change in the amount of transmitted light, and it may be difficult to combine and view these.

According to the present invention, when a virtual image of an output image of an image display device and a background transmitted image are to be fused while maintaining a specific optical function, a special half mirror and a lens or a concave mirror are not used. Another object of the present invention is to realize this function compactly and inexpensively by laying a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet on an optical component such as a lens constituting the original optical system.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(1) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an image output device that converts an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image and outputs the image, an optical member, and the image member. A display having a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram (Lipmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet) for displaying a virtual image of an output image of an output device at a site separated from an eye by a predetermined distance, and combining the virtual image with a background image transmitted through the optical member. And a unit configured to guide a combined image of the virtual image and the transmitted background image to at least one eye.

The present invention also provides a first and a second image output device for converting an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image and outputting the actual image, at least one or more optical members, and A Lippmann Bragg for displaying virtual images of the output images of the first and second image output devices at portions separated from the eye by a predetermined distance, and combining the virtual images with a background image transmitted through the optical member, respectively. A first display unit having a volume hologram sheet, and a virtual image and a transmission background image synthesized by the first display unit are guided to the right eye, and synthesized by the second display unit. The combined image of the virtual image and the transmitted background image is guided to the left eye.

In the present invention, the first and second image output devices are configured to output mutually different images.

With the above arrangement, the virtual image of the output image of the image output device and the background transmission image are fused without using a half mirror, a lens, a concave mirror, or the like, and having a specific optical function in a compact and inexpensive manner. You can see.

(2) The display unit is configured to scan an output image of the image output device onto the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet by a scanner optical system. As a result, even if the image output device itself is downsized, a wide angle of view and high-definition depiction can be performed on the hologram surface.

(3) The display section reflects and refracts the light emitted from the image output device at least once by a lens, a prism, and a half mirror to control the enlargement / reduction of an image and to a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet. After controlling the angle of incidence, the laser beam is made to enter the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram sheet. As a result, a high-quality image with little aberration can be obtained.

(4) The display unit is configured to display a virtual image of the output image of the image output device at a position outside a normal line-of-sight range. That is, the image is displayed in a range of a solid angle of 20 degrees or more centered on a straight line passing through the center of both eyes and tilting 10 degrees downward from a direction perpendicular to the face. Thus, when the background and the virtual image are combined and viewed using the see-through function, the background can be viewed at the center of the angle of view without being disturbed by the virtual image.

(5) The display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor for detecting the line of sight of the user, and displays a virtual image of the output image of the image output device when the line of sight of the user is within a specific range. It was configured as follows.

The display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor for detecting a line of sight of the user and a display position controller.
The virtual image of the output image of the image output device is configured to be displayed following the user's line of sight.

With the above configuration, the visibility is further improved and the usability is improved.

(6) The display unit is provided with means for varying the amount of light transmitted from the background and means for maintaining the ratio of the brightness between the display image and the background within a predetermined range. As a result, the background and the virtual image can always be fused for easy viewing.

(7) The Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet is sandwiched and held in the optical member, or the sheet is formed in a shape along the optical member.
The optical member is configured to be adhered to the surface of the optical member or to be held by being sandwiched between the optical member and another member. This makes it possible to improve the weather resistance, particularly the moisture resistance of the hologram, at the same time as reducing the thickness.

(8) The Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet is provided detachably from the optical member. As a result, the degree of freedom for selection according to the purpose of use of the device is increased.

(9) The optical member is constituted by a lens of spectacles, the display section is provided on a handle of spectacles, and the spectacles further include an optical axis center distance of a light beam reflected by the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram sheet. Is provided with a binocular width adjustment mechanism that varies the distance between the eyes. As a result, the optical axis of the user's eyes and the optical axis of the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet can be matched, and good visibility characteristics can be obtained even at high magnification.

(10) The optical member and the display unit of the present invention were applied to binoculars, a telescope, a microscope, and a camera, respectively. Thereby, for example, when applied to binoculars, information such as the azimuth being observed, the elevation angle, etc. can be viewed together with the observed object, and when applied to, for example, a camera, shutter speed, aperture, Exposure information can be seen in the viewfinder.

(11) In the present invention, a receiving unit for receiving an image signal transmitted from an image information transmission source on a spectacle of a spectacle, a drive unit for decoding the image signal received by the receiving unit, A display unit that displays an image decoded by the drive unit, and a power supply unit that supplies power to each of the reception unit, the drive unit, and the display unit are provided, and on the lens of the glasses, a virtual image of the display image of the display unit is provided. A Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet for displaying the virtual image at a predetermined distance from the eye and synthesizing the virtual image with the background image transmitted through the lens was provided to configure wireless information display glasses. Thereby, usability and portability are further improved.

[0027]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 uses a Lippmann Bragg volume hologram sheet (holographic optical element, hereinafter referred to as a HOE sheet) 6 instead of the concave half mirror 3 in the optical component configuration of FIG.
Moreover, it is integrated with the lens 4 of the user's glasses.

The HOE sheet 6 has a so-called reflection wavelength selectivity of reflecting only light of a specific wavelength among light incident at a specific angle and transmitting the others, and so-called reflection wavelength selectivity and image enlargement, depending on the manner of distribution of the refractive index in the sheet. It has a lens function such as action. In this case, the function is similar to the concave half mirror 3 of FIG. 25, but the following two points are different.

1. The reflectance of the wavelength-selected reflected light is 95% or more when a HOE film having a sufficiently small spectral bandwidth and a thickness of about 20 μm (for example, using a light source such as an LED) is used. . H
80% reflectivity when OE film thickness is about 7μm
That is all.

2. The concave half mirror realizes light beam deflection (virtual image formation in this case) by its shape, whereas the hologram sheet (HOE sheet) achieves this by the manner of distribution of the refractive index in the sheet. Therefore, the sheet shape can be selected arbitrarily.

As described above, by using the hologram sheet, 1. Light use efficiency can be increased. Output image = 5
Less than 0%, transmitted light from the background = less than 50%. 2. Cost can be reduced compared to using a concave half mirror. 3. The integration with the spectacle lens has advantages such as miniaturization of a head mounted display (hereinafter, referred to as HMD).

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example in which the half mirror 2 is removed from the optical component structure shown in FIG.
The light is incident on the E sheet 6. This is realized by the fact that, unlike a half mirror, in the case of reflection by a HOE sheet, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection do not necessarily have to be equal, but can be designed to some extent freely by the distribution of the refractive index in the sheet. Thus, the degree of freedom in the layout of the optical components such as the arrangement of the image output device 1 can be increased, and a double image due to reflection on the back surface, which often becomes a problem when a half mirror is used, can be prevented. . Also, since the number of components can be reduced by one, it is very effective for reducing the size and weight and reducing the cost.

FIG. 3 shows, as an example of another optical apparatus to which the present invention is applied, a single-lens reflex camera which can view an output image from an image output device 1 in combination with a background incident through an objective lens 7. 3 illustrates a camera or optical component configuration. In FIG. 3, the HOE sheet 6 is provided on the eyepiece 14. First, the background light incident on the objective lens 7 is reflected by a flip-up mirror 8 (fixed mirror in the case of binoculars), turned upside down by a pentaprism 9, enters an eyepiece 14, passes through the half mirror 2, and passes through the half mirror 2. 50% enter pupil 5. The display virtual image is combined with the background image as described with reference to FIG. 1 and 50% of the light amount enters the pupil 5.

With such a configuration, in the case of a camera, shutter speed, aperture, exposure information, and the like can be seen in the viewfinder. In the case of binoculars, information such as the azimuth and elevation of the object being observed can be observed. Can be seen with Of course, in this case, the half mirror 2 may be omitted as in the example of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows the overall configuration of information display glasses as another embodiment of the present invention. This system is mainly composed of three main parts. A: a signal / image converter (image output device) that converts an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image; B: an image conduction tube that transmits the image output to the display unit in the form of an image itself; C: a display unit for appropriately processing and displaying an image transmitted from the image conduction tube,
It is.

In the case of this example, the signal / image converter A is the light source 2
1 (backlight), liquid crystal display panel (transmission type color liquid crystal display panel LCD) 22, and diffusion plate (diffuser)
23, and a reduction optical system 24 for fiber coupling composed of large and small convex lenses and the like.

In the case of the present embodiment, the image conduction tube B uses a plastic fiber (optical fiber) 25 having a core shape having a rectangular cross section of 4: 3. External dimensions are Φ3.2m
m, the diameter of each fiber is Φ12 μmm, and the resolution is 60 lp / mm.

In the case of this example, the display portion C is a handle 31 of the glasses 30.
Lens 26 attached to hinge 33 side of
And H provided on the lens 34 in the frame 32 of the glasses.
OE sheet 27. This HOE sheet (holographic combiner: in this example, 20 μm thick)
A photopolymer 27 mm is used along the lens 34 of the spectacles, and a Mylar film is coated thereon to improve the fixing and the moisture resistance. Examples of the material of the HOE sheet 27 include photopolymer and dichromated gelatin.

The plastic fiber 25 serving as the image conducting tube is provided on the handle 31 from the end to the prism lens 26 along the handle 31 of the spectacles. 2
Reference numeral 8 denotes an earphone attached to the handle 31 for obtaining audio information in addition to image information, and a conductor (not shown) is used for transmitting an audio signal. Reference numeral 35 denotes a spectacle pad.

In the device configured as described above, the video signal (image signal) is image-converted by the liquid crystal display panel 22 and illuminated by the light source 21. The diffusion plate 23 makes it difficult for an observer to recognize the matrix wiring pattern of the liquid crystal display panel 22, so that a good image without pattern noise of the liquid crystal can be observed. The light emitted from the diffusion plate 23 is reduced by the reduction optical system 24 to approximately the diameter of the plastic fiber 25 of the image conduction tube B, and is coupled to the fiber.

The image transmitted by the plastic fiber 25 is deflected and magnified by the prism lens 26, and then enters the HOE sheet 27. This HOE sheet has the reflection wavelength selectivity and the image enlargement function (concave lens function) as described above. That is, it is characterized in that it reflects only a specific wavelength in a certain angle direction and transmits other spectra.

For this reason, the observer must use a liquid crystal display (LCD).
While viewing the 22 images in a single color (for example, green), the surrounding visual information can be viewed at the same time. (However, green is missing in the spectrum of the transmitted light.) Of course, R,
By using the three colors G and B at the time of producing the hologram, the observer can also see a full-color image. In this case, although the respective wavelengths of R, G, and B are missing from the transmitted light, a bright background can be seen in a natural color tone by reducing the respective bandwidths. Reducing the spectrum bandwidth is also an advantageous condition for obtaining a clear image.

In addition, the image enlargement function, which is another feature of the HOE sheet 27, enlarges an image having at most the core size of the plastic fiber 25 to a sufficient visual field by showing a virtual image to an observer. Figure 5 shows this situation.
Shown in FIG. 5 shows the image enlargement effect of the HOE sheet, and an image (image height 3) is formed on a plastic image fiber.
mm) by lens, mirror, etc. (image height 6mm)
And inject it into the HOE sheet at an angle of 60 °. With this HOE sheet, the image is magnified as a virtual image at a lateral magnification of 40 times (image height 240 mm), and its position is HOE.
Is located at a distance of 1000 mm. Since the focal length is 25 mm, the loupe magnification is 10 times.
The exit pupil (EPD) has a diameter of 8 mm or more and is located at a distance of 15 to 20 mm from the HOE sheet.

FIG. 6 shows a state where the user actually wears the information display glasses of FIG. 4 when viewed from above. 6, the same parts as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In FIG. 6, 5 is the user's eyeball, 40 is the iris, 29
Is a polymer synthetic film. An image fiber (plastic fiber 25) for transmitting an image passes through the inside of the handle 31 of the spectacles, and enlarges the image (2 times) and deflects the light immediately before entering the HOE sheet 27 using a prism mirror with a lens (prism lens 26). ). The output NA of this image fiber (plastic fiber 25) (the aperture ratio when the refractive index is n, NA = nsi
nθ) is 0.5.

The attachment of the HOE sheet 27 and the lens is performed, for example, as shown in FIG.
a and 34b are bonded together, and a hologram sheet 27a (several microns to several tens microns in thickness) is sandwiched therebetween. In this case, the UV curing adhesive 4 is used for joining the lenses 34a and 34b.
Adhesion by 1 or the like, or fusion used in a bifocal lens or the like can be considered.

Further, the HOE sheet 27 may be formed along the lens, and the HOE sheet may be held between the lens and another member such as a mylar film.

FIG. 8 shows an example of display glasses using a laser diode array 43 as an image output device and a galvanometer (galvanometer mirror) 44 as a scanner optical system. In this case, since two sets of image output devices, a display unit, and a HOE sheet 27 are provided independently for the left and right, binocular viewing is possible, and by displaying different images on the left and right image output devices, stereoscopic viewing is also possible. It is possible.

In FIG. 8, the eyeglasses 30 are constructed in the same manner as in FIG.
b, drive circuits 42, 42, laser diode arrays (LEDarray) 43, 43, galvanometer (galvanometric scanner) 44,
44 are provided. Also, binocular lenses 34, 3
4 is provided with HOE sheets 27 and 27.

First, image signals are input to the right and left laser diode arrays 43, 43 and the drive circuits 42, 42 of the galvanometers 44, 44. The light sources of the laser diode arrays 43, 43 are turned on and off based on this signal, and the galvanometers 44, 44 are driven in synchronization therewith. As a result, the HOE sheets 27, 27 provided along the lenses 34, 34 of the glasses
By projecting the image scanned above and the reflected light incident on the pupil, the user can view the background and the enlarged virtual image of the output image from the image output device in combination. The audio signal is sent directly to the earphone 28 and converted into audio. Note that the eyeglass display is provided with a chain 45 for hanging the neck so that the user can easily take it off.

FIG. 9 shows an acousto-optic effect element (AO) as a scanner optical system instead of the galvanometer 44 of FIG.
M: acousto optic modulato
r) shows an example of display glasses using 54. The entire operation principle is the same as the example in which the galvanometer 44 is used as the scanner optical system in FIG. The acousto-optic effect element 54 generates a compression wave having a refractive index by the photoelastic effect when the ultrasonic wave 55 flows into the medium, thereby exhibiting the same function as a diffraction grating. By changing the frequency of the ultrasonic wave, The pitch of the diffraction grating can be changed. When the pitch of the diffraction grating changes, the deflection angle of the diffracted light 56 also changes.
This allows light rays to be scanned. The acousto-optic effect element 54 is characterized in that it has no movable parts as compared with a galvanometer or a polygon mirror.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the information display glasses of the HOE sheet detachable type. HOE sheet 2
A clip 60 is attached to 7, and can be detached by sandwiching the clip 60 between the lens 34 or the frame 32 of the spectacles. In this example, the display device 61 is directly attached to the handle 31 of the spectacles without transmitting the image through the plastic fiber 25.

The HOE sheet may be held as shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, a hologram sheet (HOE sheet) 27a bonded and formed along a cylindrical (cylindrical) polycarbonate substrate 102 is held between the polycarbonate substrate 102 and the mylar film 101 (or another member). ing.

Next, FIG. 12 shows an example in which the HOE and the image output device are configured to be detachable from the eyeglass frame. In FIG. 12, the configuration of the glasses is the same as in FIGS.
Reference numeral 102a denotes a polycarbonate housing to which the HOE and the image output device are attached, one end of which is detachably locked to the upper end of the frame 32 of the spectacles, and a cylindrical curved surface 102b formed at the other end through the bent portion. Is configured to be arranged at a portion facing the frame 32 when the device is mounted on the frame 32. The HOE 127 is held between the mylar film 101 on the surface of the cylindrical curved surface 102b opposite to the frame 32. A liquid crystal display (LCD) 103 for outputting an image to the HOE 127 is provided inside the bent portion of the polycarbonate housing 102a. According to the configuration of FIG. 12, since the HOE 127 and the liquid crystal display device 103 are integrally fixed to the polycarbonate housing 102a, there is no need to perform positioning of both, and the usability is good.

FIG. 13 shows another example in which the HOE and the image output device are configured to be detachable from the eyeglass frame. In FIG. 13, the configuration of the glasses is the same as in FIGS. One end of the polycarbonate housing 102a is a frame 32 of glasses.
The other end through the bent portion is formed in a planar shape, and is configured to be disposed at a portion opposed to the frame 32 when mounted on the frame 32. I have. The HOE 127 is held between the mylar film 101 on the surface of the other end of the polycarbonate housing 102a opposite to the frame 32. 104 is
This is a mirror provided on the inside of the bent portion of the polycarbonate housing 102a to reflect the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 103 and guide the reflected light to the HOE 127. Thus, in FIG.
A mirror 104 is provided to change the angle of the light beam incident on the mirror 7 and the object-side distance, and the light once reflected by the mirror 104 is incident on the HOE 127. According to the configuration of FIG.
Since the HOE 127, the liquid crystal display device 103, and the mirror 104 are integrally fixed to the polycarbonate housing 102a, there is no need to position them, and the device is easy to use.

FIG. 14 shows a video camera finder using a HOE sheet as an example of another optical apparatus to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 14, a liquid crystal display device 103, a diopter adjustment lens 106, and a HOE 127 are provided inside a finder housing 105 made of opaque plastic. The light beam emitted from the liquid crystal display device 103 enters the HOE 127 and is emitted as approximately parallel light. The emitted light enters the pupil 5 after the divergence angle is controlled by the diopter adjusting lens 106. In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, the HOE 127 is attached to the finder housing 105 made of opaque plastic, so that a transparent background image cannot be seen.

FIG. 15 shows a wristwatch-type portable terminal device as another example to which the present invention is applied. A liquid crystal display device 103 is provided on the display surface of the main body 110, and H
An OE 127 is provided to be openable and closable around the hinge 111. 112 is a band for the arm. The liquid crystal display device 103 displays not only a time display but also various other characters and image information. The HOE 127 is shown in FIG.
When closed as shown in (a), the time displayed on the liquid crystal display device 103 as a transparent background image can be seen. Also H
By rotating the OE 127 about the hinge 111, FIG.
When opened as shown in (b), an image reflected and enlarged by the HOE 127 can be seen. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 10
Even if a finer image is displayed by 3, it can be easily seen.

FIG. 16 shows wireless information display glasses provided with an image receiving device as another example. In FIG. 16, the glasses 30 are configured in the same manner as in FIGS.
Are provided with an image signal receiving circuit 71, a display drive circuit 72, a field emission display device 73, a battery 74, and an antenna (not shown).

In the device configured as described above, the image signal transmitted from the image signal source (not shown) is
The image signal is received by the antenna and the image signal receiving circuit 71 incorporated in the pattern 31. The received image signal is decoded by the display drive circuit 72 and sent to the field emission display device 73 where an image is displayed. This display image is displayed on the H provided on a part of the lens 34.
It is magnified and reflected by the OE sheet 27 and provides visual information to the user. The image signal receiving circuit 71, the display drive circuit 72, and the field emission display device 73 are driven by a battery 74 built in the handle 31. By configuring the wireless information display glasses in this manner, usability and portability are further improved.

FIG. 17 shows an example of information display glasses with a binocular width adjusting mechanism. The distance between the centers of the optical axes of the human eyes varies from individual to individual, and has a variation of at least about 60 mm to 70 mm. In order to absorb this variation and view a good image, the reflected light from the HOE sheet needs to have an exit pupil diameter of about 15 mm. However, the size of the exit pupil and the image magnification are in a conflicting relationship. When the magnification is high (the object side distance of the HOE is short), the exit pupil diameter is usually small. Therefore, in order to obtain good visibility characteristics even at a high magnification, it is important to provide a binocular width adjustment mechanism so that the optical axis of each person's eyes and the optical axis of the HOE can be matched. The information display glasses of FIG. 17 have been invented for the above purpose.

In FIG. 17, a screw groove 81 and a rotation preventing hole 82a are provided in an upper portion of the frame 32, and a rotation preventing shaft 83a and an adjusting screw 84 of the illustrated shape are inserted into this. Separately, on the upper part of the pad 35,
A rotation prevention hole 82b and a rotation prevention shaft 83b are provided. By turning a rotation adjustment knob 85 provided at the center of the adjustment screw 84, the optical axis center distance of the HOE sheet 27 is configured to be variable.

In the display glasses of the present invention, the following measures are taken for the position of the image display. First, FIG.
FIG. 9 shows standard human visual field characteristics in the vertical and horizontal directions. FIG. 18 shows the typical vertical field of view of a human, where the normal field of view is 10 ° to 15 ° below horizontal (shown, from a normal line of sight while standing). You can see the range up to the normal gaze when sitting). In FIG. 18, A is the focal length of 20 years old (minimum), B is the focal length of 40 years old (minimum), C is the minimum acceptable reading distance for the display, D is the normal viewing distance (CRT), E Is the desired minimum distance for the display, F is the maximum distance of the display to be placed, G is the focal length of 60 years (minimum), and H is infinity if the display is designed to fit. ing.

FIG. 19 shows standard human visual field characteristics in the horizontal direction. According to this figure, it can be seen that the visual field in which characters can be recognized is about 20 ° (illustration, character recognition limit range).

Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 20, a display image is not displayed within a solid angle of 20 ° around a normal line of sight (10 ° below the horizontal direction). By doing so, the background can be seen without being disturbed by the display image in the normal line-of-sight direction as shown in FIG. 21, and when the display image is to be viewed, the line of sight is changed as shown in FIG. By moving (upward), the display image (reflected light from the HOE sheet 27) and the background can be seen together. FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram in the case where only the background image is viewed through the lens, and FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the background image and the display image are viewed.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, a frame or lens 90 of spectacles having a HOE sheet attached thereto.
Is provided so that the image is displayed only when the user's line of sight enters a specific range, whereby the visibility is further improved and the usability is improved. In FIG. 23, a liquid crystal shutter 92 provided opposite the lens 90 to which the HOE sheet is attached is shown.
The brightness of the background is sensed by the sensor 93 and the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutter 92 is automatically adjusted using the brightness sensor (light sensor: photodiode) 93, so that the user can easily display the image and the background. It also has a function of keeping these brightness ratios in an appropriate range so that the images can be seen as a fusion. The liquid crystal shutter 92 is a detachable light-shielding member for at least the visible light wavelength range. When this shutter is used, the amount of light transmitted from the background can be attenuated to 10% or less.

In FIG. 23, reference numeral 94 denotes a liquid crystal shutter driver for adjusting the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutter 92 in accordance with a command from the microcomputer 95, and reference numeral 96 denotes a display driver for driving a display 97 in accordance with an input image signal and a command from the microcomputer 95. is there. The display 97 includes the laser diode array 43 and the galvanometer 44 shown in FIG. 8, the acousto-optic effect element 54 shown in FIG. 9, and the field emission display device 73 shown in FIG.
And so on.

FIG. 24 is a flow chart showing a series of operations of the apparatus shown in FIG. First, in a state where the image display is OFF and the liquid crystal transmittance is maximum, the microcomputer 95 reads the output of the eye-gaze detection sensor 91. If the detected line of sight is within a specific range, the output of the brightness sensor 93 is read, and the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutter 92 is adjusted by the liquid crystal shutter driver 94 according to the brightness,
The image display is turned ON. When the detected line of sight is not within the specific range, the image display is turned off and the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutter 92 is kept at the maximum.

In this case, the brightness of the displayed image may be directly changed without changing the brightness of the background, or the transmittance may be changed by providing a liquid crystal shutter in front of the display device. Also, when it is desired to temporarily view only the display image, the sunglasses-like filter is applied to the eyeglass lens unit to reduce light from the background, or the optical axes of two polarizing plates also provided in the eyeglass lens unit are used. The light from the background may be adjusted by changing the intersection angle of.

The display glasses mentioned above are those for a person with normal vision, in which the refractive power (degree) of the spectacle lens is set to 0, and even if the lens is subjected to a surface treatment such as color coating or UV reflection coating. good.

[0069]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The display unit is a liquid crystal display (LCD)
In addition to the field emission display (FED), an LED display (LEDD), a laser display (LDD), a digital micromirror display (DMD), and an electroluminescence display (ELD) may be used.

The scanner optical system is not limited to a galvanometer or an acousto-optic effect element, but may be a polygon mirror or a resonant scanner.

The optical member is not limited to a lens, but may be a glass plate, a transparent plastic plate, an opaque plastic plate, a reflection attenuation plate, a prism, a half mirror, or a diffraction grating.

The present invention is not limited to application to spectacles, cameras, and binoculars. The optical member may be constituted by a telescope lens, and the display section may be provided on a telescope housing or lens. May be constituted by a lens of a microscope, and the display unit may be provided on a frame or a lens of the microscope. In this case, the same operation and effect as described above can be obtained.

[0073]

【The invention's effect】

(1) According to the present invention, by attaching a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet to an optical component such as a lens constituting the original optical system without using a half mirror and a lens or a concave mirror, a specific optical device can be made compact and inexpensive. It is possible to realize an image display device that can combine a virtual image of an output image of an image output device and a transmitted background image while having a functional function.

(2) By displaying the virtual image of the output image at a position deviated from the center of the field of view, when the background and the virtual image are combined and viewed using the see-through function, the virtual image is displayed at the center of the angle of view. Can be seen without disturbing.

(3) Also, by automatically maintaining the ratio of the brightness of the display image and the background in a specific range by a brightness sensor (a light receiving element: a photodiode or a photoconductor) and a liquid crystal shutter, the background is always maintained. And the virtual image can be fused to make it easier to see.

(4) The usability is greatly improved by using the visual field sensor.

(5) By using a scanner optical system such as a galvanometer for the image output device, a wide angle of view and high-definition depiction can be performed on the hologram surface even if the image output device itself is downsized. .

(6) By sandwiching the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram sheet between lenses or the like, it is possible to reduce the thickness and simultaneously improve the weather resistance (particularly, the moisture resistance) of the hologram.

(7) The light emitted from the image output device is reflected and refracted one or more times by a lens, a prism, a mirror, or the like to control the enlargement / reduction of the image and / or the angle of incidence on the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram sheet. By making the light incident on the hologram sheet, a high-quality image with less aberration can be provided.

(8) A receiving part, a driving part,
By providing a display unit and a power supply unit, and providing a Lippman Bragg volume hologram sheet on a lens of the glasses to configure wireless information display glasses, usability and portability can be further improved.

(9) By making full use of the present invention, a display terminal having the functions of conventional glasses can be realized with almost the same shape and weight as conventional glasses.

(10) Also, a person who had to wear a pair of spectacles and had to look at the liquid crystal display or head-mounted display in the past had no need to do so because it also has the original function of correcting the refractive error. Play two roles.

(11) By providing the binocular width adjusting mechanism, good visibility characteristics can be obtained even at high magnification, and
The exit pupil of the optical system can be reduced, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased.

(12) Further, as a development of the present invention, for example, a communication tool for a hearing-impaired person in combination with a real-time speech recognition device (the word of the partner is displayed floating in space while looking at the face of the partner), automatic A real-time subtitle creation device combined with a translation device (for watching foreign language movies without subtitles), a driving information display device combined with a car navigation system (display of targets, etc.), a reading device combined with an ebook player (in a crowded train) Or when it is difficult to hold a book by hand, such as reading while lying down).

(13) Other viewing optics
In s (binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, still image cameras, video camera viewfinders, etc.), information other than the object to be observed is added to only the hologram sheet (display unit) and the image output device, so that it is small, light, and inexpensive. Can be combined and displayed.

(14) According to the present invention, the weak points of the direct-view small-sized liquid crystal display currently generally used as a PDA display device (personal portable terminal display) (reversal of miniaturization and visibility, low user-friendliness). Low follow-up, poor information privacy), and the problems of the current HMD (size,
Weight, shape, visibility of the background) new information terminal display was wiped out with almost the same shape and weight as conventional glasses,
Moreover, it can be provided at low cost.

(15) If the user wears the information display glasses to which the present invention is applied, the display can be monitored at all times, which is very convenient in the reception function state. Further, by arranging a plurality of eyeglass frames, it becomes possible to obtain a more personalized product according to personal preference.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a single-lens reflex camera or binoculars.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an embodiment configured as information display glasses to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an image magnifying action of a HOE sheet.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state where a user wears the information display glasses of the present invention as viewed from above.

FIG. 7 is an essential part cross-sectional view showing one example of a method of attaching a HOE sheet in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing another example of the embodiment configured as information display glasses to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 9 is a main part configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the scanner optical system of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment in which the HOE sheet is detachable in the information display glasses of the present invention.

11A and 11B show an example of holding a HOE sheet according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 11A is a front view and FIG. 11B is a side view.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing another example of the embodiment in which the HOE sheet is detachable in the information display glasses of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing another example of the embodiment in which the HOE sheet is detachable in the information display glasses of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a video camera finder.

FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a wristwatch-type portable terminal device to which the present invention is applied, (a) is a configuration diagram when the HOE is closed,
(B) is a configuration diagram when the HOE is opened.

FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment in which the information display glasses of the present invention are made wireless.

FIG. 17 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the information display glasses with a binocular width adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing a standard human visual field characteristic in the vertical direction.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a standard human visual field characteristic in the horizontal direction.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a human visual field range in which a display image can be recognized.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a background and a display image in a normal line-of-sight direction, where only the background image is seen through a lens.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the background and the display image when the line of sight is moved upward, where the background image and the display image are visible.

FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an apparatus provided with a visual axis detection sensor and a brightness sensor of the present invention.

24 is a flowchart in the case of controlling image display and transmittance of a liquid crystal shutter by the device of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional image display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Image output device 4, 34, 34a, 34b ... Lens 5 ... Eyeball (pupil) 6, 27 ... HOE sheet 21 ... Light source 22 ... Liquid crystal display panel 23 ... Diffusion plate 24 ... Reduction optical system 25 ... Plastic fiber 26 ... Prism Lens 28 ... Earphone 29 ... Polymer synthetic film 30 ... Eyeglass 31 ... Pattern 40 ... Iris 41 ... UV curing adhesive 42 ... Drive circuit 43 ... Laser diode array 44 ... Galvanometer 54 ... Acoustic optical effect element 60 ... Clip 61 ... Display device 71 image signal receiving circuit 72 display drive circuit 73 field emission display device 74 battery 81 screw groove 82a, 82b anti-rotation hole 83a, 83b anti-rotation shaft 84 adjustment screw 85 rotational adjustment knob 91 line of sight Detection sensor 92: LCD shutter 93: Brightness sensor 94 ... Liquid crystal shutter driver 95 ... Microcomputer 96 ... Display driver 97 ... Display 101 ... Mylar film 102 ... Cylindrical polycarbonate substrate 103 ... Liquid crystal display device 104 ... Mirror 105 ... Finder housing 106 ... Diopter adjusting lens 127 ... HOE

Claims (70)

[Claims] 1. An image output device that converts an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image and outputs the actual image, an optical member, and a virtual image of an output image of the image output device provided on the optical member. A lipman Bragg volume hologram that displays the image at a predetermined distance from the optical member and, when the optical member transmits at least part or all of the visible light range, combines the virtual image with a background image transmitted through the optical member. An image display device, comprising: a display unit configured to guide the virtual image or a composite image of the virtual image and the transparent background image to at least one eye. 2. A first and a second image output device for converting an electrical or optical image signal into an actual image and outputting the actual image, at least one or more optical members, and provided on the optical member; When the virtual images of the output images of the first and second image output devices are respectively displayed at portions separated from the eye by a predetermined distance, and when the optical member transmits at least a part or all of the visible light region, the virtual images are displayed. A first image and a second image having a Lippman-Bragg volume hologram that respectively synthesizes a background image transmitted through the optical member, and a virtual image or a transmitted background image synthesized by the first display, or Guiding the combined image of the virtual image and the transparent background image to the right eye, and guiding the virtual image or the transparent background image combined in the second display unit, or the composite image of the virtual image and the transparent background image to the left eye. Image display device. 3. The first and second image output devices,
The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the image display device outputs different images. 4. The image display according to claim 1, wherein the display section is configured to scan an output image of the image output device onto the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram by a scanner optical system. apparatus. 5. The image display according to claim 2, wherein the display section is configured to scan an output image of the image output device onto the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram by a scanner optical system. apparatus. 6. The image display according to claim 3, wherein the display section is configured to scan an output image of the image output device onto the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram by a scanner optical system. apparatus. 7. The display unit reflects and refracts light emitted from the image output device at least once by a lens, a prism, and a half mirror to control the enlargement / reduction of an image or the angle of incidence on a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light is incident on the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram after performing the above control.
An image display device according to claim 1. 8. The display section reflects and refracts light emitted from the image output device at least once by a lens, a prism, and a half mirror to control enlargement / reduction of an image or an incident angle on a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the light is incident on the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram after performing the above control.
An image display device according to claim 1. 9. The display section reflects and refracts light emitted from the image output device at least once by a lens, a prism, and a half mirror to control enlargement / reduction of an image or an incident angle on a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the light is incident on the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram after performing the control of (3).
An image display device according to claim 1. 10. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is sandwiched and held in the optical member. 11. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is sandwiched and held in the optical member. 12. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is sandwiched and held in the optical member. 13. The Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed in a shape along the optical member, and is held by being adhered on a surface of the optical member or sandwiched between the optical member and another member. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein: 14. The Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed in a shape along the optical member, and is held by being adhered to a surface of the optical member or sandwiched between the optical member and another member. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein: 15. The Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed in a shape along the optical member, and is held by being adhered on a surface of the optical member or sandwiched between the optical member and another member. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein: 16. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is detachably provided to the optical member. 17. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is provided detachably with respect to the optical member. 18. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is provided detachably with respect to the optical member. 19. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein light emitted from the image output device is made incident from the optical member side covered with a reflection attenuation film. 20. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein light emitted from the image output device is made incident from the optical member side coated with a reflection attenuation film. 21. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein light emitted from the image output device is incident from the optical member side covered with a reflection attenuation film. 22. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the image output device outputs an image that is distorted in advance so as to cancel out aberration of the image reproduction optical system. 23. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the image output device outputs an image which is distorted in advance so as to cancel out aberration of the image reproduction optical system. 24. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the image output device outputs an image that has been distorted in advance so as to cancel aberration of the image reproduction optical system. 25. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit displays a virtual image of an output image of the image output device at a position outside a normal line-of-sight range. 26. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit displays a virtual image of an output image of the image output device at a position outside a normal line-of-sight range. 27. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit displays a virtual image of an output image of the image output device at a position outside a normal line-of-sight range. 28. The display unit, wherein the display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor that detects a line of sight of the user, and performs a virtual image display of the output image of the image output device when the line of sight of the user is within a specific range. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein: 29. The display unit, wherein the display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor that detects a line of sight of the user, and performs a virtual image display of the output image of the image output device when the line of sight of the user is within a specific range. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein: 30. The display unit, wherein the display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor that detects a line of sight of the user, and performs a virtual image display of the output image of the image output device when the line of sight of the user is within a specific range. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein: 31. The display unit includes a line-of-sight detection sensor that detects a line of sight of a user and a display position controller,
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a virtual image of the output image of the image output device is displayed so as to follow a user's line of sight. 32. The display unit has a line-of-sight detection sensor for detecting a line of sight of a user and a display position controller,
The image display device according to claim 2, wherein a virtual image of the output image of the image output device is displayed so as to follow a line of sight of a user. 33. The display unit includes a line-of-sight detection sensor that detects a line of sight of a user and a display position controller,
The image display device according to claim 3, wherein a virtual image of the output image of the image output device is displayed so as to follow a line of sight of a user. 34. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is provided with a unit that varies a transmission amount of light from a background. 35. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit is provided with a unit that varies a transmission amount of light from a background. 36. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit is provided with a unit that varies a transmission amount of light from a background. 37. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is provided with a unit for maintaining a ratio of a brightness of a display image to a background within a predetermined range. 38. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit is provided with means for maintaining a ratio of a brightness of a display image and a brightness of a background within a predetermined range. 39. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit is provided with a unit for maintaining a ratio of a brightness of a display image to a background in a predetermined range. 40. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is constituted by a lens of spectacles, and the display unit is provided on a handle or a frame of the spectacles. 41. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of spectacles, and the display unit is provided on a handle or frame of the spectacles. 42. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member is constituted by a lens of spectacles, and the display section is provided on a handle or a frame of the spectacles. 43. The image display according to claim 40, wherein the spectacles are provided with a binocular width adjustment mechanism that varies an optical axis center distance of a light beam reflected by the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram. apparatus. 44. The image display according to claim 41, wherein the spectacles are provided with a binocular width adjusting mechanism that varies an optical axis center distance of a light beam reflected by the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram. apparatus. 45. The image display according to claim 42, wherein the spectacles are provided with a binocular width adjustment mechanism that varies an optical axis center distance of a light beam reflected by the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram. apparatus. 46. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of binoculars, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the binoculars. 47. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member comprises a binocular lens, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the binocular. 48. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member comprises a binocular lens, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the binocular. 49. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of a telescope, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the telescope. 50. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of a telescope, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the telescope. 51. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member comprises a telescope lens, and the display unit is provided on a telescope housing or lens. 52. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member includes a lens of a microscope, and the display unit is provided on a frame or a lens of the microscope. 53. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of a microscope, and the display unit is provided on a frame or a lens of the microscope. 54. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of a microscope, and the display unit is provided on a frame or a lens of the microscope. 55. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member comprises a lens of a viewfinder of a still camera or a video camera, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the viewfinder. . 56. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member comprises a finder lens of a still camera or a video camera, and the display section is provided on a housing or a lens of the finder. . 57. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member comprises a finder lens of a still camera or a video camera, and the display unit is provided on a housing or a lens of the finder. . 58. A receiving unit for receiving an image signal transmitted from an image information source on a handle of glasses, a driving unit for decoding the image signal received by the receiving unit, and a decoding unit for decoding the image signal received by the receiving unit. A display unit for displaying an image, the receiving unit,
A drive unit and a power supply unit for supplying power to the display unit are provided, and on the lens of the spectacles, a virtual image of a display image of the display unit is displayed at a portion separated by a predetermined distance from an eye, and the virtual image is displayed. An image display device comprising a Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram for combining with a background image transmitted through a lens. 59. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a sheet hologram. 60. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a sheet hologram. 61. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram comprises a sheet-like hologram. 62. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Lippmann Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram formed by directly spin coating a liquid hologram material on an optical member. 63. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram formed by directly spin coating a liquid hologram material on an optical member. 64. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram formed by directly spin coating a liquid hologram material on an optical member. 65. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram obtained by molding a liquid hologram material into a flat or curved shape. 66. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram obtained by molding a liquid hologram material into a flat or curved shape. 67. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the Lippmann-Bragg volume hologram is formed of a hologram obtained by molding a liquid hologram material into a flat or curved shape. 68. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is made of opaque resin or glass. 69. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical member is made of an opaque resin or glass. 70. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the optical member is made of an opaque resin or glass.