JPH10191791A - Plant cultivation utilizing microbe capable of imparting low temperature resistance, and material for agriculture and horticulture utilizing the microbe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cultivate a plant, to apply low temperature resistance to the plant, to prolong its growing period, to attain income increase and to save the costs of covering materials and fuel by growing the plant under inoculating specified microbes to the root of plant. SOLUTION: The plant is cultivated by being grown while inoculating the microbes such as Fusarium oxysporum ES-shi 305 (FERMϕP-13896) belonging to Fusarium oxysporum and having ability for imparting low temperature resistance to the plant into the root of plant. In this case, it is preferable that the materials for agriculture and horticulture such as microbial medicines, culture soil for raising nursery, compost and graduation are produced by containing the microbes belonging to Fusarium oxysporum having ability for imparting low temperature resistant to the plant.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method using a microorganism capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to a plant, and to an agricultural and horticultural material using the microorganism, and more particularly to a nonpathogenic material. A plant cultivation method capable of inoculating plant seedlings and increasing the yield even at low temperatures by blending Fusarium fungi with the soil for plant raising, and a microbial preparation containing the non-pathogenic Fusarium bacteria,
It is related to agricultural and horticultural materials such as soil for raising seedlings, compost, and oak.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Today, in cold regions, plant growth is poor in cold summer years, and yields have to be reduced. As a countermeasure, varieties improvement techniques have been introduced to develop varieties resistant to cold damage. However, there is a problem that it takes time to complete the development. Conventionally, summer and autumn tomatoes cultivated from rain in high-cold areas are 10
The harvest is almost finished after the end of the month frost, and from November to December, tomato production decreases nationwide. The cultivation period is extended by covering and heating the summer and autumn tomatoes after the autumn, but since the summer and autumn tomatoes are exclusively used, the cost of the heating facility is high and the practice is not implemented at present. . In order to improve profitability even if the cultivation period can be extended by one month without heating, cultivation methods have been studied in various fields. However, at present, cultivation at low temperatures other than heating is not possible.

[0003] As an attempt to develop a growth promoting effect by inoculating a plant with a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium, a crop growth promoting effect of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (Ken Watanabe, Tomonori Chiba, Kei Ogawa: Japanese Society for Plant Pathology) (Abstracts of the Abstracts of the Conference, April 1994), but it is not related to the ability to impart low temperature tolerance to plants, and it is necessary to establish effective techniques for inoculation to spread this cultivation method. There is also. Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium) is a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium having a plant growth promoting function and a soil disease suppressing function.
oxysporum) NPF101-2 (deposited with the National Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology as FERM P-14236) and ES-Shi305 (deposited with the National Institute of Biotechnology, Industrial Science and Technology as FERM P-13896) And a microbial preparation for agricultural and horticultural use containing these microorganisms (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
-267811). However, it is not known that these microorganisms have a cold-tolerance effect on plants.

As a simple inoculation method, a method of dipping a seedling in a suspension of viable bacteria and a method of mixing it in the soil of this field can be considered. It is difficult to spread it widely in terms of sex, and in the latter case, a large amount of preparation is required, and even when the preparation is applied to soil, it can be killed by other microorganisms,
Inoculation is not easy because of limited growth.

Therefore, development of a method of inoculating easily and a method of cultivating a plant capable of producing a plant seedling resistant to cold damage is desired. On the other hand, the use of soil for cultivating seedlings for agricultural plants has become common, and it is widely spread. Therefore, if the plant can be inoculated using the soil containing the microbial preparation, there is also an advantage that the bacterial density in the soil can be easily controlled, and the inoculation becomes easy.

[0006]

A first object of the present invention is to inoculate plant seedlings with a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium so as to be resistant to low temperatures, prolong the growing period, and increase the yield even at low temperatures. Can increase the profitability, at the same time, reduce the cost because coating materials and fuel are not required, to provide a plant cultivation method that is also environmentally friendly, and the second object of the present invention is easy to use, Seedling cultivation, compost, etc. that can widely spread plant cultivation methods
Providing agricultural and horticultural materials such as bokeh.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted studies from various directions to solve the above two problems, and as a result, it has been known that they have both a plant growth promoting function and a soil disease controlling function. It was found that the concentration of the non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium can be easily inoculated to plant seedlings by mixing it with the seedling culture medium. It has been found that the yield increases even when exposed to low temperatures, and the use of agricultural and horticultural materials in which a preparation containing this fungus is mixed with soil for raising seedlings, compost, etc. The inventors have found that the method can be widely spread, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the invention of claim 1 of the present invention relates to Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum).
A plant cultivation method characterized by inoculating a plant root with a microorganism belonging to S. spumum and having the ability to impart low-temperature resistance to the plant, and growing the plant.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the first aspect, the microorganism capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to a plant is Fusarium oxysporum (F).
usarium oxysporum) ES-S305
(FERMP-13896).

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the first or second aspect, the mixing ratio of the microorganism to the agricultural and horticultural materials is determined according to the type of the plant and the seedling raising conditions. Is within the range of the optimum mixing ratio.

[0011] The invention of claim 4 of the present invention relates to a Fusarium.
Oxysporum (Fusariumoxysporu)
An agricultural and horticultural material comprising a microorganism belonging to m) and having a capability of imparting low-temperature resistance to a plant.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the agricultural and horticultural material according to the fourth aspect, wherein the agricultural and horticultural material is a microbial preparation, a seedling cultivation soil, a compost, and a scent.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the agricultural and horticultural material according to the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the microorganism capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to the plant is Fusarium oxysporum.
orum) ES-Shi 305 (FERM P-1389)
6).

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the plant cultivation method of the present invention, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium) is used.
oxysporum), which grows by attaching microorganisms capable of imparting low-temperature resistance to plants to the roots of plants, but the amount of microorganisms attached is not particularly limited because it varies depending on factors such as the type of plant and seedling raising conditions. . Generally, it is most effective to inoculate the root of a plant with a bacterial count of 10 ³ / g to 10 ⁸ / g.

[0015] Such microorganisms include the above-mentioned Fusarium oxysporum N having a plant growth promoting function and a soil disease suppressing function.
PF101-2 (FERM P-14236) and ES-
305 (FERM P-13896). Among these microorganisms, Fusarium oxysporum ES
-Shi 305 (FERMP-13896) can be preferably used because it has a high ability to impart low temperature tolerance to plants. It is also possible to select and use Fusarium oxysporum bacteria that can impart low-temperature tolerance without inhibiting plant growth.

The microorganism used in the present invention can be cultured using a solid medium or liquid medium used for ordinary filamentous fungi. For example, as a solid medium, rice bran medium,
It can be cultured in a bran medium, a grain medium or the like. As a liquid medium, glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrose and the like can be used as a carbon source. Culture pH is 5
7 is preferred and the optimum pH is 6. Culture temperature is 15 ~ 3
0 ° C, optimally 25 ° C.

It is a well-known fact that the NPF 101-2 performs disease control by imparting disease resistance to plants by cross-protection of non-pathogenic Fusarium bacteria. It is presumed that the ES-S 305 also has a similar effect. Soil diseases include spinach wilt, radish wilt, melon vine wilt, strawberry wilt and the like. ES-
Shi 305 is Rhizoctonia bacterium (Rhizoctonia)
It is a well-known fact that there is an effect of suppressing the disease caused by the disease. Examples of soil diseases include spinach rot, tomato seedling wilt, cucumber seedling wilt, and carrot root rot.

The microorganisms which have been known to have a plant growth promoting function and a soil disease suppressing function as described above have an effect of imparting a remarkable low-temperature tolerance to plants at the same time, without being expected at all. It is a new fact that such a joint effect is not known yet.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned microorganisms having such excellent properties are effective when they are attached to the roots of plants, but the microorganisms, the cell-containing substances, and / or the treated products are brought into contact with the microorganisms as they are. Alternatively, a formulation of these may be brought into contact, and the means for bringing them into contact with the roots is not particularly limited. However, the method of mixing the preparation containing the microorganism with the soil for plant raising and seedling is preferable because it is easy to handle and can easily inoculate the roots.

The term "cell-containing material" refers to a cell-containing culture obtained after solid (or liquid) cultivation, as well as anything containing a cell. The processed product refers to all processed cells and cells containing the cells, for example, a wet cake, a paste obtained by culturing, further dehydrated, dried, and conversely diluted. Is mentioned.

In order to formulate the cells, for example, the cells are taken out of the cells as they are after culturing the cells, or in the case of liquid culture, the cells are taken out by operations such as filtration or centrifugation, and the cells are formed by drying, adsorption to a solid substance, or the like. It is possible. Further, a stabilizer, a excipient, a bulking agent, a nutrient and the like can be added to make a preparation according to the purpose.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned cells, the above-mentioned cells, and / or the processed product may be used as they are or may be formulated into black soil, red earth, peat moss, vermiculite, etc. according to plant types. According to the composition, it is extremely convenient to use by mixing it with a soil for raising seedlings, and a compost or a bokeh made by fermenting organic matter, which are mixed in an appropriate mixing ratio, and using it as an agricultural or horticultural material. The method and means for mixing are not particularly limited. However, the method of mixing the preparations is easy to handle and can be easily mixed, so that it can be preferably used, and it is possible to impart low temperature resistance to general agricultural and horticultural plants.

[0023]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. [Production Example of Microbial Preparation] A bacterial cell obtained by culturing strain Fusarium oxysporum ES-Shi 305 (FERM P-13896) for 10 days in a grain medium is dried at 30 ° C. and crushed (sample manufactured by Fuji Poutal Co., Ltd.). (Mill) to make a microbial preparation. This microbial preparation contains Fusarium
10 ⁸ spores / g of Oxysporum ES-shi bacterium
Was included.

(Example 1) (Low temperature tolerance test of tomato) The microbial preparation produced in the above production example was mixed with a commercially available soil (Sosai floor soil: manufactured by Shin Nippon Perlite Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 0.3%. The seedling cultivation soil according to the present invention was prepared, and 800 g of the seedling cultivation soil was placed in a 13 cm black polypot. Tomatoes were sowed and seedlings were raised in a glass house. As a control, there was provided a section in which cultivation was performed using a cultivation of only the bed soil without mixing with non-pathogenic fusarium. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the leaf age and plant height 45 days later. The grown tomatoes were planted in the main field, exposed to low temperatures in a non-warmed glass house and cultivated, and the survival rate was investigated. The cultivation period was 80 days.
Table 2 shows the survival rate immediately before the end of the cultivation.

[0025]

[Table 1]

[0026]

[Table 2]

As is clear from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, by inoculating the fungus according to the present invention into the root,
The low temperature tolerance of the tomato is given, and the survival rate (%) is higher than that of the control.

(Example 2) (Low temperature resistance test of spinach) Fusarium oxysporum ES- used in Example 1
A microbial preparation containing 305 bacteria was mixed with a commercially available soil (Sosai floor soil: manufactured by Shin Nippon Perlite Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 0.3%.
00g was put. Ten seeds of spinach which had been subjected to germination treatment were sown and grown in a glass house until they reached the 4-leaf age. This was planted and cultivated in a single tunnel outdoors. The cultivation period was 60 days and the average temperature was 5.9 ° C. The leaf age, plant height, total weight, above-ground weight, and root weight of the spinach cultivated in this manner were examined, and the control plot was identified as 1
Table 3 shows the results represented by an index of 00.

[0029]

[Table 3]

As is evident from the results in Table 3, inoculation of the fungus according to the present invention into the roots gave spinach low temperature resistance. Even at low temperatures, there were few growth disorders and the yield increased remarkably.

(Example 3) (Cultivation test of rice at low temperature) Fusarium oxysporum ES- used in Example 1
A microbial preparation containing 305 bacteria was mixed with a commercially available soil for paddy rice (KOEISOIL No. 1 manufactured by Kokoku Bussan Co., Ltd.) so as to have a concentration of 0.2%. After raising the seedlings for 35 days, they were planted in the main field, then grown for 122 days, and cut off. Table 4 shows the temperature change during the cultivation period, but the year was lower than normal. The survey items were ear length and number of grains per ear, ripening grains and defective grains per 20 ears, total weight and ripening weight, number of ears and ripening weight per plant, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0032]

[Table 4]

[0033]

[Table 5]

As is clear from the results shown in Table 5, even under low-temperature cultivation conditions, the rice cultivated on the seedling cultivation soil according to the present invention was provided with low-temperature tolerance, and the effect of increasing the yield was remarkable.

(Example 4) 800 cm of seedling cultivation soil (Sosai floor soil: manufactured by Shin Nippon Perlite) was placed in a 13 cm black polypot.
c Filled with 0% of the microbial preparation used in Example 1
0.1%, 0.1% (when no microbial preparation was mixed).
The mixture was mixed at a mixing ratio of 2% and 1%, and spinach was cultivated in a rain-free and non-warmed state. Spinach seeds were 10 grains per pot, the cultivation period was 60 days, and the average temperature during the cultivation period varied between 2.6 ° C and 7.3 ° C. The appropriate growth temperature of spinach was 10 ° C. to 20 ° C., and the temperature during this test was a low temperature that was not suitable for spinach growth. Table 6 shows the results obtained by measuring the plant height, the total weight, the aerial part weight, and the root weight, and expressing them as indices with the control group as 100.

[0036]

[Table 6]

From the results shown in Table 6, it is found that the low temperature tolerance is not obtained unless this microbial preparation is added to the seedling cultivation soil, and if the microorganism preparation is added to the seedling cultivation soil at 1.0%, the root weight is larger than that of the control plot. , The total weight, the weight of the ground part,
Then, this microorganism preparation is added to the seedling cultivation soil at 0.1% to 0.5%.
%, It was found that low temperature tolerance was imparted and good growth was exhibited even at low temperatures.

[0038]

Industrial Applicability According to the plant raising method of the present invention, it is possible to easily inoculate a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium, and to impart low temperature resistance to plants. If plants can be given low-temperature resistance, the growing period will be extended and it will be possible to increase sales even at low temperatures, so profitability will increase and at the same time, costs will be reduced because coating materials and fuel are not required,
It has many remarkable effects such as being friendly to the global environment. The agricultural and horticultural materials of the present invention are easy to use, and the plant cultivation method of the present invention can be widely spread.In addition, for example, nursery soil application, planting hole application, direct application to fields and fields, house The non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium can be inoculated into the root of a plant by application in cultivation or a combination thereof, so that low temperature resistance can be imparted to general agricultural and horticultural plants. The ability of plants to withstand low temperatures can be expected to increase yields in summer and autumn planting and rice cultivation, which is susceptible to cold damage, where the cultivation period was limited at low temperatures. Therefore, the industrial use value of the present invention is high.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. Fusarium oxysporum (Fusa)
A plant cultivation method comprising inoculating a root of a plant with a microorganism belonging to Rium oxysporum) and having the ability to impart low-temperature resistance to the plant, and growing the plant. 2. A microorganism capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to plants is Fusarium oxysporum (Fusari).
um oxysporum) ES-S305 (FERM)
P-13896), The plant cultivation method of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the microorganism to the agricultural and horticultural materials is within an optimum mixing ratio determined according to the type of the plant and the seedling raising conditions. Plant cultivation method. 4. Fusarium oxysporum (Fusa)
Agricultural and horticultural materials comprising microorganisms belonging to Rium oxysporum) and capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to plants. 5. The agricultural and horticultural material according to claim 4, wherein the agricultural and horticultural material is a microbial preparation, a seedling cultivation soil, a compost, or a beak. 6. A microorganism capable of imparting low-temperature tolerance to a plant is Fusarium oxysporum (Fusari).
um oxysporum) ES-S305 (FERM)
A material for agricultural and horticultural use according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it is P-13896).