JPH0368496A - Water purifying structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase the surface area and to activate an extremely large amt. of microbial membrane by charging a contact material into the region between walls. CONSTITUTION:The contact material 5 is charged into the region between the walls 1a and 1b of the water purifying structure 1. Consequently, the surface area is significantly increased, and an extremely large amt. of microbial membrane is activated by depositing the membrane on the spacious surface. Furthermore, an opening 3 is provided in the walls 1a and 1b and in the top end plate 2 for closing the space between the walls. As a result, when external water is introduced into the structure 1, the water is brought into sufficient contact with the activated membrane on the surface of the contact material 5. Accordingly, water is most effectively purified, purified water is rapidly discharged into an external water basin, and a large amt. of water is continuously and efficiently purified.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention "Field of Industrial Application" This invention is applicable to the sea, rivers, canals, lakes, etc. for various purposes such as sea walls, breakwaters, breakwaters, jetties, dikes, submerged embankments, etc. The present invention relates to various structures installed underwater, and particularly to water purification structures that have the function of purifying water such as seawater.

``Prior art'' Conventionally, port structures such as sea walls, breakwaters, breakwaters, jetties, dikes, submerged levees, etc. have been used for purposes such as disaster prevention or flow control. Some water purification effects have also been recognized through biological filtration, advection mixing, and aeration.

For example, various types of seawall II installed on the same shoreline
! The water purification effect per unit of COD removal is shown in Group 1 below.

Group 1 Group 1 shows that all types of seawalls have a certain degree of water purification effect. It can also be seen that wave-dissipating seawalls and stone masonry seawalls, which have a large surface area per unit length and have a high aeration effect due to wave breaking, have a COD removal effect five to six times that of upright seawalls.

``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' However, the water purification effect of the above-mentioned port structures is largely dependent on the purification effect of living organisms attached to the surface of the port structure, but conventional conventional methods The contribution of seawater purification to seawater purification was extremely limited because the surface area for living organisms to attach to these port structures was insufficient to achieve the required water purification effect.

This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and the first object of the present invention is to provide a water purification structure that has a large surface area for attachment of living organisms and can thereby be expected to have an extremely high water purification effect. The purpose is to

On the other hand, in bodies of water such as lakes, oceans, and ports, rubble mounds made of stones are generally constructed on the bottom of the water, and concrete caissons (hereinafter simply referred to as caisson ) is often constructed. As shown in Figure 25, such a caisson consists of a concrete box whose outer wall is divided by vertical partition walls, which are filled with sand, etc., and then concrete is poured on top. A covered type of caisson was common.

In water bodies such as lakes, oceans, and ports where such caissons are constructed, the flow of the water body is stagnated by the caissons, resulting in deterioration of water quality in the water body, resulting in the loss of aquatic life such as fish and shellfish. There was a problem in that it reduced the habitat and hindered the gathering of fish and shellfish. In particular, when a caisson is constructed in a location where there is water on both sides, such as a jetty or breakwater, the habitat of fish and shellfish on both sides is reduced, and this problem has become more prevalent in the ocean in recent years. With the arrival of the 200 nautical mile era, the focus of the fisheries industry has shifted from the distant sea to the near sea and coastal areas, and the importance of aquaculture within 200 nautical miles has become an important issue at present. there were.

Recently, in order to solve these problems, a patent application has been filed for a caisson that prevents deterioration of water quality and has the effect of attracting fish and shellfish by providing a water channel at the bottom of the caisson that connects water bodies on both sides. It has been filed as No. 14280/1983. However, the problem with such a caisson is that although it is effective when the water quality of one body of water is not deteriorating, it has no effect when the water quality of both bodies of water is deteriorating. At the same time, when such caissons are used as quay walls or sea walls, there is a problem in that they do not have any function to improve the water quality of the water area in front of them.

Therefore, this invention has the effect of attracting fish and shellfish without impairing the original functions such as wavebreaks and seawalls, and when the caisson is used as a quay wall or seawall, the water quality is deteriorated in the water area on both sides of the caisson. In some cases, we aim to prevent and improve water pollution and further increase the collection effect of fish and shellfish.
The second objective is to provide a caisson that not only has the effect of gathering fish and shellfish, but also reduces wave force, reflected waves, and uplift force.

"Means for Solving the Problems" The first water purification structure of the present invention can be used in the sea, rivers, canals,
In various structures installed in water such as lakes and marshes, a contact material that adheres a microbial film is loaded in the area between the walls, and an opening is formed in the wall or the top end that seals the upper part between the walls. A section is provided.

Further, a second water purification structure of the present invention is the first water purification structure described above, which has a box shape in which the inside of the outer wall is partitioned by a partition wall, and whose upper surface is closed at the top end so that it can be submerged in water. A water purification structure consisting of a caisson installed in a water purification structure, in which an upper water hole is provided in the upper part of the caisson, and a contact material for attaching a microbial film is loaded directly under the upper water hole. be.

Further, a third water purification structure of the present invention includes the first,
In the second water purification structure, a lower water passage hole is provided at the lower part of the outer wall, and a filtration layer is formed that filters water flowing into the lower part of the layer loaded with the contact material and flows out to the lower water passage hole. This is what is being done.

Further, a fourth water purification structure of the present invention includes the first,
In the second and third water purification structures, a lower communication hole is provided at the lower part of the partition wall for guiding water flowing into the area between the walls to the lower water passage hole at the lower part of the outer wall.

Further, a fifth water purification structure of the present invention includes the first above,
In the second, third, and fourth water purification structures, the top end is inclined downward with respect to the branch entrance surface.

"Function" In the water purification structure of this invention, in the area between the walls,
By being loaded with the contact material, it has an extremely wide surface, and by adhering the microbial film to the entire wide surface, it is possible to keep an extremely large amount of the microbial film activated. This water purification structure is provided with an opening at the top end that seals off the upper part of the wall or between the walls, so that external water can flow into the water purification structure. The water can be brought into sufficient contact with the activated microbial film on the surface of the contact material,
This makes it possible to purify water extremely effectively, and by quickly draining the purified water to an external body of water, a large amount of water can be continuously and efficiently purified.

Further, in another water purification structure of the present invention, an upper water passage hole is provided in the upper part of the caisson, and a layer of a contact material to which a microbial membrane is attached is further preferably provided at the lower part of the upper water passage hole. By forming a filtration layer with a filtration effect below the layer, not only an artificial tidal flat effect is obtained, but also a water quality filtration effect is obtained.

"Example" Hereinafter, an example of the water purification structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams showing a first embodiment and a second embodiment of the water purification structure of the present invention, respectively, and show a state in which a concrete caisson L is sunk on a rubble mound 7. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the caisson 1 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a structure manufactured using the caisson 1 shown in FIG. 3. 5 to 8 show the third and third water purification structures of the present invention, respectively.
It is a side sectional view showing a state in which a concrete caisson 1 is sunk on a rubble mound 7, showing the fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments.

In these figures, reference numeral 1 indicates an outer wall 1a forming a box shape.
The caisson is constructed of reinforced concrete and consists of a vertical partition wall tb that divides the inside of the outer wall la into two or more chambers, and 2 is the top part forming a lid part that seals off the upper part of the caisson l. As shown in Figures 1 to 7, this top end 2 is inclined downward with respect to the entrance surface of the branch channel, which stabilizes the caisson l, has a wave-dissipating effect, and has an effect of reducing reflected water. It is excellent and desirable. In addition, this top portion 2
In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the cover concrete 2a is made up only, and in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the cover concrete 2a and the upper concrete 2b are made. There is no problem with either structure. Further, in the fourth embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the cover concrete 2a is stepped, and in the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 7, a passage section with a horizontal upper surface is installed above the cover concrete 2a. This is an example.

Reference numeral 3 designates a large number of upper water holes drilled in the upper part of the caisson 1, which collectively refers to the top end 2 and the upper part of the outer wall la of the caisson 1. As in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the holes may also be bored in the upper part of the outer wall 1a of the caisson L.

Further, reference numeral 4 indicates the lower part of the outer wall 1a of the caisson 1, the partition wall 1
This is a lower water passage hole provided in the lower part of the caisson 1 or the bottom 1c of the caisson 1 (see Figure 5), and water flowing from the upper water passage hole 3 passes through the layer described below formed inside the caisson 1. The water flows back into the water area from the lower water hole 4. This lower water passage hole 4 is constructed by constructing a caisson l at a position where water bodies exist on both sides, as in the first, third, and sixth embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 8. In some cases, the caisson 1 is bored at least in the lower part of the outer wall 1a on the rear side and preferably in the lower part of the bulkhead 1b, so that water flowing from the front body of water can flow through these lower water holes 4 to the rear side. It is more preferable that the water can flow out into a water body from the viewpoint of the filtration effect of the water body and the effect of collecting fish and shellfish.

Further, reference numeral 5 is a contact material 5 to which a microbial film such as aerobic bacteria adheres. This contact material 5 is formed directly under the upper water passage hole 3 provided in the upper part of the caisson 1, and is made of solid material that has flowed in together with water from the upper water passage hole 3 as shown in FIG. It consists of a block of pebbles, concrete, bricks, etc. that is large enough to accumulate objects, etc., or a plurality of net-like objects made of a corrosion-resistant material. In addition, when using lumps of pebbles, concrete, bricks, etc. as the contact material 5, it is desirable to form a layer in which the lumps are piled up in at least 2 to 4 stages, and
M layers may be formed by appropriately mixing layers of pebbles, sand, net cloth, etc. of different sizes. Further, this contact material 5 may be loaded entirely inside the caisson l as shown in FIGS. 2 to 8, but if the caisson l has a lower water passage hole 4, the contact material 5 In order to prevent the constituent pebbles and the like from flowing out from the lower water hole 4 into the external water area, it is important that at least the vicinity of the lower water hole 4 is excavated from objects larger than the lower water hole 4. be.

If the contact material 5 is loaded throughout the inside of the caisson l and the lower water passage hole 4 is provided in this way, the water flowing in from the upper water passage hole 3 is purified by the contact material 5 and becomes clean water. and then return to the water area again,
This results in even better effects in terms of preventing pollution and gathering fish and shellfish.

Further, reference numeral 6 denotes a filtration layer filled with sand, etc., formed below the layer made of the contact material 5 inside the caisson 1;
7 is a rubble mound on which the caisson 1 is installed, 8 is a foot protection block installed on the lower side of the caisson 1 on the rubble mound 7, and 9 is a covering stone to protect the rubble mound 7 from the scouring action of waves etc. , 10 is hinterland that has been abandoned due to land reclamation.

In order to construct port facilities such as breakwaters, quays, and seawalls, and water purification structures such as jetties and breakwaters using caissons 1 of various structures, it is necessary to use caisson 1 constructed in advance at other locations. The caisson 1 is towed to a water area such as a lake, a coast, or a port, and the caisson 1 is sequentially placed side by side on the rubble mound 7 as shown in Fig. 4, and the filtration layer 6 and microbial growth are created in each chamber of the caisson 1. A layer 5 that is easy to clean is formed and then submerged, and then a top end 2 provided with an upper water passage hole 2a is installed.

Then, a foot protection block 8 is installed on the lower side of the caisson 1, and a covering stone 9 is installed to protect the rubble mound 7, and the construction is completed.

In the water purification structure of each embodiment using the caisson 1 as described above, water that is washed up onto the top end 2 of the caisson L by waves and currents and flows in from the upper water passage hole 2a, and water that flows into the caisson L. Water flowing in from the upper water hole 2a drilled in the upper part of the outer wall 1a is introduced into the layer of the contact material 5, and in this layer, the contaminants contained in the water are accumulated on the surface of the contact material 5, thereby causing Microorganisms begin to proliferate on the surface of the contact material 5. Then, the above-mentioned pollutants are exposed to the atmosphere at low tide or when water does not flow through the upper water passage hole 2a, and are decomposed by aerobic bacteria, becoming suitable as food for blanktons, thereby causing the above-mentioned contact The layer of material 5 has a self-cleaning ability just like the sand of a natural beach or a tidal flat, and as a result, it has the effect of collecting fish and shellfish. In addition, when the layer of the contact material 5 and the filtration layer 6 below it are formed and a large number of lower water passage holes 4 are provided in the lower part of the caisson 1, water flowing in from the upper water passage hole 2a Not only is the water purified by passing through the contact material 5 layer, but it is also filtered and further purified by the permeation layer 6, and the clean water becomes a water stream and flows through the lower water passage hole 4.
The deterioration of water quality is effectively prevented by flowing back into the water body. In this case, since the lower water passage hole 4 communicates with the upper water passage hole 2a, it also has the effect of reducing uplift pressure caused by waves.

Furthermore, by adopting a configuration in which the top end 2 of the caisson 1 is inclined downward with respect to the water surface, it has the effect of generating a downward component force that stabilizes the caisson 1 when it receives wave pressure. In addition, the upper water passage hole 2a absorbs incident waves, and the wave breaking effect when the waves crawl up the slope, the turbulence effect due to the unevenness of the slope, etc. have the effect of reducing reflected waves.

Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a four-shaped caisson-shaped wave dissipation bank made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, and its interior is partitioned into upper and lower sections by a partition plate 61 into an upper purification chamber 62 and a lower purification chamber 63. The upper purification chamber 62 and the lower purification chamber 63 are filled with contact material 5 such as gravel, and an inlet 66 (
A large number of flow holes 68 are formed in the partition plate 61 to allow the seawater in the upper purification chamber 62 to flow down to the lower purification chamber 63. An outflow port 69 (opening) is formed at the lower part of the side wall 67 on the front side of the caisson to allow seawater to flow out into the sea area 65, and at the same time, an outflow port 69 (opening) is formed at the lower part of the side wall 67 on the front side of the caisson, and at the same time, an outflow port 69 (opening) is formed in the upper surface 70 to break the seawater that has flowed into the upper purification chamber 62 from the inflow port 66. A large number of wave breaking holes 71 are formed.

In this water purification structure, when seawater flows into the upper purification chamber 62 from the inlet 66 near the sea surface due to wave force,
A portion of the seawater is blown upward from the wave-breaking holes 71 and breaks the waves, which aerates and increases dissolved oxygen in the seawater.

The seawater with increased dissolved oxygen in this way passes between the contact materials 5 in the upper purification chamber 62 and flows down. In this way, when seawater containing a large amount of dissolved oxygen flows down between the contact materials 5, it comes into contact with the aerobic microbial film living on the surface of the contact materials 5, thereby reducing
Dissolved organic matter (COD, BOD components) in the seawater is adsorbed, ingested, and decomposed and removed, and suspended solids (88 minutes) are removed by physical or biochemical contact and purified aerobically. The Rukoto. Then, the seawater purified in this way flows through a large number of flow holes 6 formed in the partition plate 61.
8 and flows down into the lower purification chamber 63, and after being purified by contacting the microbial film on the surface of the contact material 5 in the lower purification chamber 63, it flows from the outlet 69 to the sea area 65 in front of the caisson. leak.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are diagrams showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a caisson-type wave dissipation structure similar to the water purification structure of the seventh embodiment, but in this water purification structure, seawater flowing in from the inlet 66 is absorbed by wave pressure. The seawater is rolled upward and converged at the center of the upper part of the caisson, and the seawater flows out to the side, causing the ff111 part of the caisson to flow downward from above and into the lower purification chamber 63. ing.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a breakwater that cuts off an open sea 12 and an inland sea 13, and the interior is divided into two by a partition plate 14 into a purification chamber 15 on the open sea 12 side and a purification chamber 16 on the inland sea 13 side. , and each of those purification chambers 15, ]6 is a partition plate 1
4 is communicated through a communication hole 17 formed in the upper part of the open sea I2, and the seawater of the open sea I2 is fed into the side part on the open sea 12 side. 118
The inflow part 1 which flows into the purification chamber 15 while passing between
9 is provided, and an outlet 20 is formed in the side wall on the inland sea 13 side to allow seawater in the purification chamber 16 to flow out into the inland sea 13. In each of the purification chambers 15 and 16,
A contact material 21 for attaching a microbial film is loaded,
As the contact material 21, in addition to gravel, it is also possible to use a material that can provide a large surface area for the microbial film to adhere to, such as a plastic plate, a string-like substance, an inorganic or organic object such as an oyster shell, or a molded object. Any material may be used. For example, if plastic plates are used, the plastic plates may be stacked at predetermined intervals to ensure a large contact area.

Further, at the bottom of each of the purification chambers 15 and 16, the purification chamber 1
A large number of sludge holes 22 are formed to allow the sludge in 5.16 to flow downward, and below these sludge holes 22 there is a settling tank 23.
24 are provided. A sludge drain pipe 25 is installed in the lower part of the sedimentation tank 23,24.
5, the sludge settled in each settling tank 23, 24 is transferred to surrounding land, etc.

According to this water purification structure, by isolating the inland sea 13 from the open sea 12, it is possible to turn the inland sea 13 into a calm sea area with calm waves.
It is also possible to improve the water quality of Inland Sea I3 by purifying the seawater and allowing it to flow into the area.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

In the water purification structure of this embodiment, a multi-cell water guide section 30 having a large number of curved water channels opening to the front and top surfaces of the caisson is provided on the top of a caisson made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete. It is a gravity-type wave dissipating levee in which the opening on the front side of the caisson of the curved channel is used as a seawater inlet 31, and the opening on the top side is used as a seawater spouting port 32. An inlet 34 is formed behind the spout 32 on the top surface of the caisson to introduce the seawater spouted up from the spout 32 into the inside of the caisson. An outflow port 36 is formed below the inflow port 31 of the caisson, through which the seawater introduced into the caisson flows out into the ocean area 35 in front of the caisson.

This type of gravity breakwater generally has an inlet 3 near the sea surface.
It is designed to bend the direction of seawater flowing in from 1 by wave force upward, and to blow the seawater upward from a spout 32. Conventionally, its main purpose was to reflect its energy. The purpose was to make the surrounding sea area calm by absorbing and dissipating waves.The water purification structure of this example not only has a wave dissipation function but also a seawater purification function. ing.

That is, in this water purification structure, when seawater flows in from the inlet 31 near the sea surface due to wave power, the seawater passes through each curved channel of the multi-cell water guide section 30 and is blown up from the spout 32. Aeration increases dissolved oxygen.

The seawater with increased dissolved oxygen is introduced into the caisson through the inlet 34 and is purified aerobically by fully contacting the microbial film attached to the surface of the contact material 33, and then It flows out from the round exit 36 at the front to the sea area 35 ahead.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this example is a gravity wave dissipation structure similar to the water purification structure of the 10th implementation I, but in this water purification structure, the outlet 36 is opened to the rear surface of the caisson. Accordingly, after the seawater introduced from the sea area 35 in front of the caisson is purified inside the caisson, the seawater is allowed to flow out to the sea area 37 behind the caisson, and a partition is provided inside the caisson. By providing 38, the seawater flow path inside the caisson is made longer, thereby allowing the seawater to come into sufficient contact with the microbial film on the surface of the contact material 33.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a gravity wave breakwater similar to the water purification structure of the 11th embodiment, but in this water purification structure, the outlet 36 is connected to both the front and rear surfaces of the caisson. By opening to the sea area 35 in front of the caisson, the sea water introduced from the sea area 35 in front of the caisson is purified inside the caisson, and then the sea water is allowed to flow out to the sea area 35 in front of the caisson and the sea area 37 in the rear. There is.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

In the water purification structure of this embodiment, a plurality of inlets 3I are formed at the upper front of a caisson made of concrete or prestressed concrete, and a plurality of outlet ports 36 are formed at the lower front of the caisson. A gravity-type wave dissipating levee, in which a multi-cell water flow section 39 is provided inside the caisson and extends rearward in a state tilted diagonally upward from the inside of the wall forming the front surface of the caisson;
A contact material 3 such as gravel is placed below this multi-cell type water flow section 39.
3 is filled with the multi-cell type water flow section 39.
A through-hole is provided in the upper part and the internal partition wall to allow seawater to flow.

In this water purification structure, when seawater flows in from the inlet 31 near the sea surface due to wave force, the seawater passes through each through hole of the multi-cell type water flow section 39 and increases dissolved oxygen in the multi-cell type water flow section. 39, and the seawater is introduced from above the rear part of the cane into the contact material 33 below it. and,
The seawater introduced into the contact material 33 in this way is aerobically purified by sufficiently contacting the microbial film attached to the surface of the contact material 33, and then flows forward from the outlet 36 on the front surface of the caisson. The water flows out into sea area 35.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a gravity-type wave dissipation bank similar to the water purification structure of the thirteenth embodiment, but in this water purification structure, the outflow 036 is opened to the rear surface of the caisson. After the seawater introduced from the sea area 35 in front of the caisson is purified inside the caisson, the seawater is discharged to the sea area 37 behind the caisson, and a partition 38 is provided inside the caisson. By providing this, the seawater flow path inside the caisson is made long, thereby allowing the seawater to come into sufficient contact with the microbial film on the surface of the contact material 33.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a gravity wave breakwater similar to the water purification structure of the 14th embodiment, but in this water purification structure, the outlet 36 is connected to both the front and rear surfaces of the caisson. By opening to the sea area 35 in front of the caisson, the sea water introduced from the sea area 35 in front of the caisson is purified inside the caisson, and then the sea water is allowed to flow out to the sea area 35 in front of the caisson and the sea area 37 in the rear. There is.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a 16th embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this example is a type of floating wave bank. In the past, the main purpose of this type of floating breakwater was to create a calm sea area through the action of waves due to phase difference with waves, reflection, interference, etc.

This water purification structure is generally composed of a picture-shaped floating structure made of steel or the like, the bottom of which is moored to the seabed by a chain 40 or the like, and the opening at the top is connected to the side walls 41, 41. It is partitioned into three openings by partition plates 42, 42 extending diagonally upward from the inside, and these openings are covered with a wire mesh 43, and the central opening is a filling area of the contact material 33. The openings on both sides thereof communicate with the inflow ports 31 and 31 formed in the upper portions of the side walls 41, 41, respectively, and the outflow ports 31 and 31 below are in communication with each other.
36.36 (covered with a wire mesh in the figure) communicates with the filling area of the contact material 33. and,
The filling area is partitioned by partitions 44 of various shapes such as a T-shape, and is formed to have a long seawater flow path, and the contact material 33 is filled in the flow path. The contact material 33 is a buoyant sphere having a diameter of about 1 to 3 cx, and is a hollow sphere made of plastic, for example, or a sphere with a plurality of holes formed therein.

In this water purification structure, seawater flowing in from the left and right inlets 31 and 31 is blown upward from the openings on both sides of the upper part due to wave pressure. As the waves are dissipated, the seawater is aerated and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the seawater increases.

Then, the seawater with increased dissolved oxygen in this way passes through the wire mesh 43 again from the opening in the center and is introduced into the filling area of the contact material 33, and passes through the flow path of the filling area to fill the contact material. After sufficiently contacting the microbial film attached to the surface of the microorganism 33 and being aerobically purified by the microbial film, the water flows out from the left and right outflow ports 36 and 36.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a floating wave bank similar to the water purification structure of the 16th embodiment, but in this water purification structure, an outlet 36 is provided at the bottom, so that purified seawater can be is designed to flow downward.

FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are diagrams showing an 18th embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is constructed by providing an opening 51 at one end of a wall 50 constructed in a spindle-shaped manner, and is generally a guchi-type flow control structure. This wall body 50 is equipped with contact material 52 such as gravel. By filling it with water, it also has the function of purifying seawater.

In this water purification structure, the inside of the wall 50 is filled with seawater at high tide, and the seawater inside the wall 50 is brought into contact with the microbial film attached to the surface of the contact material 52 and purified. At the same time, when the tide is low, the seawater inside the wall body 50 is made to flow out only from the frontage part 51 using the tidal level difference with the outside water area, thereby creating a flow in a specific direction.

FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 are diagrams showing a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

The water purification structure of this embodiment is a guchi type flow control structure similar to the water purification structure of the 18th embodiment, but in this water purification structure, the wall 50 has openings 51 at both ends. 53
Moreover, the shape of each opening 51, 53 allows seawater to easily flow in only one direction.

In this water purification structure, when the tide is rising, seawater flows into the wall 50 from the opening 53 on the right side, and when the tide is falling, the seawater inside the wall 50 flows out from the opening 5I on the left side. This creates a flow (from right to left in the figure).

In addition, in the above-mentioned 12th and 13th examples, examples were shown in which water purification structures using each type of streamflow structure were installed in sea areas with a difference in tidal level. Objects can also be placed in rivers, canals, lakes, etc. For example, when installing it in a river, etc., the entire water purification structure should be installed so that it is completely submerged in water at all times, so that the flow of water is not obstructed in the event of a flood. In addition, in order to avoid collisions when ships pass through the river, etc., a plurality of pillars are erected on the top of the wall 50 at intervals that allow the outline of the water purification structure to be seen, with the pillars protruding from the water surface. Just leave it alone. In addition, when the water purification structure is installed in a river, etc., an artificial ground or artificial floor may be provided on top of the water purification structure so that the upper part is always exposed above the water surface. , the water purification structure can be effectively utilized as an artificial island or the like.

In addition, when constructing the water purification structure of the present invention, including the water purification structures of these embodiments, it may be constructed directly on site using the underwater concrete method, but it may be constructed in a land-based production yard or on a barge. It may be manufactured in advance as precast concrete and then transported and deposited in the construction area. In addition, the water purification structure of the present invention may be constructed using the PBS construction method (pile block structure construction method, a method for constructing an underwater structure using columns and precast blocks).

"Effects of the Invention" According to the water purification structure of the present invention, since the contact material is loaded in the area between the walls, it has an extremely wide surface, and a microbial film is formed over the entire wide surface. By adhering to it, an extremely large amount of microbial membranes can be activated. Since this water purification structure is provided with an opening at the top end that seals off the wall or between the walls, external water can flow into the water purification structure to remove the water. It is possible to make sufficient contact with the activated microbial membrane on the surface of the contact material, thereby making it possible to purify water extremely effectively.In addition, by quickly draining the purified water to an external body of water, a large amount of water can be removed. Water can be purified continuously and efficiently.

On the other hand, other water purification structures of the present invention form structures such as breakwaters, quays, seawalls, jetties, offshore breakwaters, etc., and are composed of caissons with an upper water passage hole and a lower part thereof. It has a self-cleaning ability similar to the sand of a natural beach or tidal flat due to the layer of contact material on which microorganisms can easily propagate.

This creates a habitat for aquatic life and creates a fish and shellfish gathering effect. In addition, water holes are provided in the upper and lower parts of the caisson, and the water flowing from the upper water hole is passed through the lower layer of the layer where microorganisms are likely to propagate directly under the upper water hole. By forming a structure in which a filtration layer is formed to allow water to flow out into the water hole, deterioration of water quality in lakes, oceans, ports, etc. can be effectively prevented.

Furthermore, by configuring the top end of the concrete cover with ventilation holes to be sloped downward relative to the wave entry surface, the caisson is stabilized and has significant effects such as breaking waves and reducing reflected waves. It can be effective.

As described above, the water purification structure of the present invention has various excellent effects, and its value for fisheries is extremely large.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are side sectional views of water purification structures according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention, respectively, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the concrete T42 caisson shown in FIG. 4 are side sectional views showing a structure made of the concrete caisson shown in FIG. 3. 5 to 8 are side sectional views of water purification structures according to third, fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments of the present invention, respectively. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. 1O and 11 are diagrams showing a water purification structure according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 10 is a side sectional view and FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway front view. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 shows the first example of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a water purification structure according to one embodiment. 15th
The figure is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 shows the first example of this invention.
It is a schematic block diagram of the water purification structure of 6th Example. 20th
The figure is a schematic diagram of a water purification structure according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. Figures 21 and 22 show the first example of this invention.
FIG. 21 is a plan view and FIG. 22 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water purification structure of the eighth embodiment. Figure 23, 2nd
4 is a view showing a water purification structure according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 23 is a plan view, and FIG. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 25 is a side sectional view showing a conventional caisson placed on a rubble mound. 1... Caisson, la... Outer wall (wall), lb... Bulkhead, 1c... Bottom, 2... Top end, 2a: Lid concrete, 2b: Upper concrete, 3: Upper water hole (opening) 4: Lower water hole (opening) 5... Contact material, 6... Filtration layer, 7... Rubble mound, 8... Foot protection block, 9... Covering stone , 10... hinterland.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) In various structures installed in the ocean, rivers, canals, lakes, etc., a contact material that adheres a microbial film is loaded in the area between the walls, and the upper part of the wall or between the walls A water purification structure characterized in that an opening is provided at the top end for sealing off the water. (2) In a water purification structure consisting of a caisson that has a box-like shape with the inside of the outer wall partitioned by partition walls, and whose top surface is closed at the top end and is installed underwater, a A water purification structure characterized in that a water passage hole is provided and a contact material for adhering a microbial film is loaded directly under the upper water passage hole. (3) Item 1, in which a lower water passage hole is provided at the lower part of the outer wall, and a filtration layer is formed that filters water flowing into the lower part of the layer loaded with the contact material and flows out to the lower water passage hole. Or the water purification structure described in Section 2. (4) The water purification structure according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein a lower communication hole is provided at the lower part of the partition wall to guide water flowing into the area between the walls to the lower water passage hole at the lower part of the outer wall. (5) The water purification structure according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the top portion is inclined downward with respect to the wave entry surface.